Spatial externalities, neighbourhood rules and CA land-use modelling

This paper investigates which, how and to what extent land-use related neighbourhood effects play a role in urban dynamics. To justify the use of cellular automata land-use models for spatial policy support, existing neighbourhood rules need to be better founded. This research eliminates a number of uncertainties in the land-use model outcomes by introducing improved empirically founded and regional-specific neighbourhood rules. This allows for a better evaluation and justification of spatial policy scenarios and their effects on future land-use dynamics.     

Contagion externalities and the conversion of low-intensity land uses on the urban fringe

The last decade has been characterized by a growing concern over the conversion of important farmlands and unique natural environments to developed uses. Preservation of agricultural, recreation, and/or open space uses of land around expanding urban areas faces unique problems. This paper examines the impact of spatial considerations on preservation policy. In particular, the allocative significance of contagion externalities is explored for both short-run and long-run policy formation, and empirical evidence for two U.S. cities is presented. It is concluded that failure to account for the external effects generated from urban development will lead to inefficient preservation strategies based on fiscal incentives and misspecified preservation goals.     

The impact of land use regulations on residential land values in the Wa municipality, Ghana

The living standards of the residents of an urban area are influenced, either positively or negatively, by land use regulation via its impact on land values. This paper examines the development control regime in Wa municipality, Ghana, and its implications for residential land values. The dual aim of the study was to find out whether developers are complying with the system of land use regulations in the municipality and also to document the state of enforcement by the planning authority. These aims were achieved through a review of the literature on development controls and by collating empirical data obtained from land developers. It was found that development controls are largely not enforced in Wa municipality. Delays were noted in the land use regulation system and the residents?? image of the system was reported. It was also found that the land use ordinance and the building code are not consistent with the socio-economic state of the municipality??s residents. It is concluded that these conditions have led to haphazard development and have impacted negatively on land values in the municipality. It is suggested that the Wa Municipal Assembly should ensure strict compliance with land use regulations and should also address the regulation-related problems. The paper recommends a revision of the building code and the town and country planning ordinance.     

Spent nuclear fuel and residential property values: the influence of proximity, visual cues and public information

This article examines whether public knowledge of spent fuel storage at nuclear power plants, and any local adverse risk perceptions that may have occurred, affect the sale price of single-family residential properties. We present evidence from the Rancho Seco, California, plant on residential property values using an hedonic modeling framework. We include a large number of control variables, data with a high level of spatial detail and a number of public information variables in order to model property market effects within a fifteen mile radius of the plant. Our findings indicate that proximity and visual reminders of the plant have some influence on local property markets, and that there is a small media coverage effect on single-family home sale prices. Received: 6 May 1998 / Accepted: 26 May 1999     

Vulnerability of coastal Connecticut to sea level rise: land inundation and impacts to residential property

Vulnerability indices at the global or national scales require considerable data aggregation where local economic and social impacts remain unnoticed. The goal of this study was to analyze the extent of inundated land from sea level rise and its economic impacts to residential property in coastal communities. Geographic data were integrated with economic and social data at parcel level resolution through GIS. Cumulative land inundation in seven coastal municipalities was calculated as 15 and 25?km², while direct economic costs to residential property was estimated to be $1.3 billion and $2.2 billion for 1 and 2?m sea level rise, respectively. Normalised results were $14?million/km coastline and $4?million/km combined coastline and rivers for 1?m sea level rise. Results indicate that while impacts will mainly occur along the coastline, inland parcels as far as 3?km from the coastline situated along rivers are equally at risk of flooding. While results of the study can be used to estimate economic impacts for other locations that share similar geographic characteristics and development patterns, land use types, proximity to water bodies, and property values are some factors that may lead to differences when these numbers are extrapolated elsewhere.     

战后的住房、土地和财产权

最近以色列国防军对黎巴嫩人的大屠杀既不正当，其合法性也令人置疑，悲惨的是，这是长达数世纪的、沉痛的平民屠杀史上最新的一次屠杀。那些平民，以及他们的家园和土地，承受了暴力武装冲突的主要恶果，住房权与反迫迁中心（COHP~E）执行主任ScottLeckie说道。[编者按]     

Understanding the impact of trails on residential property values in the presence of spatial dependence

This paper examines the impacts of a multi-purpose trail on residential property values in a hedonic model. Using a large housing data set in combination with street network distances, we show that proximity to trail entrances positively effects property values. Among other things, our study compares the hedonic model results from three different spatial specifications. We pay specific attention to the direct and indirect effects on residential property prices associated with potential changes in house characteristics. In addition, our study predicts property values around trail entrances using a ‘modified spatial predictive process’ approach that is well suited for capturing spatial dependence in large data sets.     

在非洲撒哈拉以南地区伪住房、土地和财产

没有一个地方的住房、土地和财产权比非洲撒哈拉以南地区的问题更为突出，ChrisHuggins说到。他为一家国际人权组织工作，是常驻卢旺达的研究员。[编者按]     

Rethinking urban transformation: Temporary uses for vacant land

As some cities grapple with economic decline and depopulating neighborhoods, a number of academics and professionals have focused their attention on the causes, conditions and patterns of the resultant vacant land, whereas others lay out broad programmatic, institutional, fiscal and design responses to address vacancy on site or citywide scales. We find that, regardless of condition and context, most responses advocate complex, officially sanctioned, formal programs and policies that call for or depend on implementation over several multi-year phases. While laudable in scope, we question whether “permanent” solutions are appropriate given the widely varying causes, durations, contexts and patterns of vacancy and the inability of similarly scoped government-led programs to thus far achieve intended goals or improve local quality of life. We present examples that make the case for temporary, incremental, flexible and experimental responses to urban vacant land, then conclude by outlining the potential benefits and drawbacks of this temporary use model.     

A study on temperature distribution influenced by various land uses

This report discuss the relationship between air temperature and land uses, using data from the west of Hokkaido, the northern island of Japan. The relationship is based on a regression analysis between air temperature and land uses. The air temperature changes due to the height above sea level is also analyzed. Land uses are classified into four categories: (i) man-made areas; (ii) agricultural land; (iii) woods and forests; and (4) water areas. The results of the study showed that the man-made areas tended to raise the air temperature and the agricultural area to lower it, that the influence of woods and forests on temperature is small, and that areas of water intensely influence the minimum temperature. The effect due to altitude has been considered as 0.6°C per 100 m, similar to temperature change (0.6°C/100m) with height.     

大力发展节能节地型住宅

整理了国内外学者在"节能"型住宅建设上的研究,从建设节地型住宅小区的角度提出了建设"节地型"住宅的可行操作方式,对节能省地型住宅小区的含义进行了深入剖析,指出节地不单是节约土地,而是在具备条件后对社会效益、经济效益、生态效益的整合.     

Dynamic forecasting of travel demand,residential location and land development

TheChicago Area Transportation/Land-Use Analysis System (CATLAS) is a large scale urban simulation model which synthesizes location rent analysis from urban economics with travel demand analysis from transportation planning. This paper describes the theoretical formulation, empirical estimation and policy application of CATLAS to the evaluation of CBD-oriented rapid transit projects in Chicago.     

A graphical method of presenting property rights,building types,and residential behaviors: A case study of Xiaoxihu historic area,Nanjing

One of the main reasons for the decline of urban historic areas in China is the co-existence of multiple property rights. It also deeply affects conservation and regeneration practice. This paper aims to propose a graphical method that illustrates the association between property rights, space, and resident behavior. Based on typological maps and justified graphs, a three-step method was proposed to visualize the relationships between these three elements. The final graph and quantitative data were used to observe the evolution of the courtyard building from a diachronic perspective, as well as to compare the residential behavior in different types from a synchronic perspective. The results show that following the subdivision of property rights, the building layout become more diverse due to various illegal additions, while the residential behavior within different building types tends to be consistent. Moreover, the study observed the traditional Chinese courtyard buildings’ adaptability. The findings contribute to understand the evolution of Chinese urban historic areas and internal motivation, and provide guidance for the conservation and regeneration practice.     

谈建筑设计与环保节能

从建筑设计与节能设计的关系出发,阐述了建筑设计方案与效果对节能设计的影响,对建筑设计中单体、整体及外部环境的节能设计方法进行了探讨,为人们提供绿色、节能、环保的生活、办公、娱乐空间积累了经验。     

谈节能节地型住宅

结合我国目前人口众多,用地紧张的现状,从建筑规划、建筑设计、太阳能利用等方面入手,对其与节能节地型住宅的关系进行了阐述,并对我国的住宅设计发展趋势进行了展望。     

Behavioural finance,property values and housing conversion in Urban Ghana

Journal of Housing and the Built Environment - In recent years, scholars have explained the factors driving the conversion of residential accommodation to retail units in African cities from an...