关于VMI下供求双方的利润变化的研究

针对传统库存管理系统存在的牛鞭效应,分析了一种新的库存管理方法:供应商管理库存(VMI).通过定量的方法证明了在VMI下供求双方的库存成本及其利润变化的情况.结果表明:在实施VMI的情况下,购买商的利润总是能够提高,而供应商短期内利润会下降,若长期实施VMI其利润在很大程度上也能够提高.通过实例验证了该结论的正确性.     

基于供应链管理的企业库存优化效果模拟与分析

利用供应链管理的思想,通过对供应链上的企业库存进行优化模拟与分析,揭示了供应链内部信息共享、加快信息流动、缩短订货周期、供应商管理库存(VMI)等是影响供应链管理优化效果的核心因素;通过比较应用供应链管理前后企业库存的变化,说明了供应链管理可以有效平抑库存,缩短供货周期,降低企业成本,提高企业核心竞争力。     

碳限额政策下库存运输可持续水平集成优化

基于分散协调和集中控制供应商管理库存(vendor-managed inventory, VMI)供应链,构建碳限额政策下库存运输可持续水平集成优化模型,研究碳限额政策对可持续供应链性能的影响。运用Stackelberg方法构建供应链博弈模型,并在Matlab中模拟实施碳限额政策前后可持续水平优化决策过程。为了调节供应商和零售商之间的溢出效应,设计基于收益共享契约的供应链协调策略。研究结果表明,碳限额政策能提高库存和运输可持续水平,但对服务水平没有影响;集中控制VMI供应链总利润随碳限额单调递增,而分散协调VMI供应链总利润则随碳限额呈先升后降的变化趋势;无论实施碳限额政策与否,集中控制VMI供应链总利润和可持续水平均大于分散协调VMI供应链。     

基于制造延迟的VMI模型的仿真研究

在供应链延迟策略和供应商管理库存(VMI)策略研究的基础上,首先建立了供应链延迟策略下的仿真模型,然后再引入供应商管理库存策略,通过计算机仿真,探讨了供应商管理库存策略实施前后供应链绩效的变化情况.研究结果表明,与单纯的延迟策略相比,延迟与供应商库存相结合的策略能明显改善供应链的绩效.     

具有激励机制的VMI系统Stackelberg博弈

一般供应商管理库存(VMI)模型没有考虑激励机制问题,而订货商的激励政策对供应商管理库存的成本分担有很大影响。考虑订货商对管理库存的供应商采取一定的激励政策,建立了一个生产型供应商和一个销售型订货商构成的二级供应链VMI系统的Stackelberg博弈模型。通过博弈最优解、算例和主要参数的灵敏度分析,表明:激励机制对供应商的努力程度和双方利润有较大影响,激励政策与双方库存成本的分担有密切关系。     

基于VMI的供应链协调模型应用研究

以一个制造商和一个供应商构成的多产品、多阶段供应链为背景,使用多目标规划的方法构造了生产原料平衡、制造商利润和供应商利润等目标函数及其约束条件,建立了供应商管理制造商生产原料库存的供应链协调模型.为验证模型的有效性和可行性,设计了一个应用算例.算例的分析表明:基于VMI的供应链协调模型能够保证各阶段供应商的交付量等于制造商的订购量,使制造商的利润提高,但供应商因实施VMI利润降低了.最后,通过对产品市场价格、原材料价格、生产能力、市场容量等参数的灵敏度分析,找出了供应链各参量的变化规律.     

基于Shapley值法的供应链上游段VMI的利益分配机制

实施VMI后如何分配利益直接关系到各参与者的积极性及VMI的实施效果,学术界长期立足于供应链下游段对此问题进行探讨.选取上游段VMI为研究对象,考虑实施VMI前后供应链参数的变化情况,建立经济效果模型,基于利益分享契约视角,利用Shapley值法构建上游段VMI的利益分配机制,并进行算例分析.结果表明:该机制使得由于实施上游段VMI而产生的利益在各参与者之间合理的分配,解决了供应商由于承担过多库存成本而利益受损的问题,实现了共赢.在实际操作中,该机制可通过各参与者在实施上游段VMI前共同制定利益分享契约而实现.     

供应链虚拟库存决策的仿真

在供应链延迟策略和供应商管理库存（VMI）策略研究的基础上,建立了供应链延迟策略下的仿真模型,再引入虚拟库存,通过计算机仿真,探讨了虚拟库存实施前后供应链绩效的变化情况。研究结果表明,与一般的供应商管理库存相比,虚拟库存的引入使得供应链总成本和企业的服务水平均有所增加。     

考虑损失规避与促销行为的VMI供应链协调契约模型

针对供应商管理库存(VMI)模式下考虑损失规避型供应商与零售商促销行为的二级供应链协调问题,分别分析了分散VMI供应链情形下损失规避型供应商与零售商的最优策略和集中VMI供应链情形下供应链的最优策略,并构建了批发价格-促销成本分担契约下的VMI供应链协调契约模型,并且证明了该供应链协调契约模型的有效性。通过博弈分析得到的结论是:零售商的促销努力水平的提高能够促使损失规避型供应商增加其产品生产量,而损失规避型供应商的产品生产量的增加会促使零售商提高其促销努力水平以便保持市场竞争优势;批发价格契约不能协调此二级VMI供应链;一定条件下批发价格-促销成本分担契约能够协调此二级VMI供应链。     

供应商管理库存的价格效应研究

通过建立数学模型,论证了VMI在供应链中收益的非负性;在此基础上还给出了供求均衡价格与订货成本比、库存成本比的函数关系,该公式说明当订货成本比与库存成本比相差比较大时,VMI可以有效降低均衡价格,否则均衡价格将会上升。     

Decision support system for vendor managed inventory supply chain: a case study

Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) is a widely used collaborative inventory management policy in which manufacturers manages the inventory of retailers and takes responsibility for making decisions related to the timing and extent of inventory replenishment. VMI partnerships help organisations to reduce demand variability, inventory holding and distribution costs. This study provides empirical evidence that significant economic benefits can be achieved with the use of a genetic algorithm (GA)-based decision support system (DSS) in a VMI supply chain. A two-stage serial supply chain in which retailers and their supplier are operating VMI in an uncertain demand environment is studied. Performance was measured in terms of cost, profit, stockouts and service levels. The results generated from GA-based model were compared to traditional alternatives. The study found that the GA-based approach outperformed traditional methods and its use can be economically justified in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).     

供应链管理中VMI系统的研究

通过分析VMI和RMI在概念原理上的本质差异,讨论了VMI在管理思想、决策方式、预测体系、补货模式、延迟策略方面的优越性和先进性。在此基础上,详细描述了VMI工作流程中的八个关键环节,并结合实际指出实施VMI的步骤和注意事项,最后总结了VMI在实践中给供应商、零售商以及供应链整体带来的收益和竞争优势。     

分割配送的生鲜产品库存-路径优化研究

目的 基于供应商管理库存策略,优化协调第三方物流（3rd Party Logistics,3PL）参与的二级供应链系统中库存补充与补货配送的关系,在满足配送需求的同时降低系统的库存和运输成本。方法 综合考虑3PL物流模式下的库存-路径系统中生鲜产品的运输距离、质量时间窗以及需求分割配送策略在时间上的调整等因素,以异质车队车辆行驶燃油成本、车辆调用固定成本、配送超时腐坏成本以及各零售商的库存成本为目标函数,建立多品种生鲜产品库存-路径优化模型。结果 通过改进的遗传算法计算并进行配送量调整优化,得到最终的生鲜配送方案,其系统总成本比配送量调整前减少了9.98%。结论 通过在时间上对配送量进行拆分调整可以有效地节约供应链系统总成本。     

跨境VMI供货模式下生产-库存联合优化研究

研究基于跨境VMI(vendor managed inventory)供货模式下的生产-库存联合优化问题。以一个实际案例企业作为应用背景,比较了VMI供货模式和传统的供货模式在海运和空运2种运输方式下的不同特点及其对决策的影响。研究结果表明,对于案例企业而言,采用VMI供货模式的库存管理是可行的,考虑目前公司采用2种可选的运输模式,选择海运的总成本最低。通过对资金费用率、库存费用比率和缺货费用率进行灵敏度分析,探讨了不同环境变量对最优决策的影响。研究结果对跨境供应链多国生产型企业改善跨境物资采购和生产-库存决策有一定参考价值。     

Vendor-managed inventory: a review based on dimensions

Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) represents the methodology through which the upstream stage of a supply chain (vendor) takes responsibility for managing the inventories at the downstream stage (customer) based on previously agreed limits. VMI is another method by which supply chains can be managed, and, owing to centralised decision-making and constant information sharing, the benefits are much higher than in traditional supply chain case. However, there exists a lack of research that identifies the dimensions of VMI, benefits of VMI, methods, and levels used in the VMI environment. The focus of this paper is to explore the existing literature on VMI, to categorise it according to the criteria evaluated, and to present a systematic review. In this study, we have classified the review into three categories such as dimension-based, methodology-based, and level-based. From the thorough literature review, we have identified six dimensions of VMI: namely, inventory, transportation, manufacturing, general benefits, coordination/collaboration, and information sharing. In addition, there are, three methodological classifications: modelling, simulation, and case studies. Finally, we will consider the level-based classification. Based on the review, several recommendations that improve the performance of VMI are presented.     

Vendor-managed inventory and the effect of channel power

We analyze decentralized supply chains that follow general continuous review (Q, R) inventory policies subject to vendor-managed inventory agreements where the supplier chooses the order quantity Q, and the retailer chooses the reorder point R. Within the VMI scenario, we explore the effect of divisions of channel power on supply chain and individual agent performance by examining different game theoretic models. Optimal policies and analytical results, including existence and uniqueness proofs for equilibrium solutions under VMI, are derived. Numerical results are provided to compare the effectiveness of VMI and to analyze different channel power relationships under a variety of environmental conditions. We find that VMI can result in considerable supply chain savings over traditional relationships and that the relative division of channel power can significantly effect the performance of VMI. Interestingly, we find that the greatest system benefits from VMI arise in asymmetric channel power relationships, but that individual agents lack the incentive to assume a leadership role.     

A supply chain model with vendor-managed inventory,consignment, and quality inspection errors

This paper considers the integration between quality control and production inventory control in supply chain management. Specifically, we study the effect of inspection errors on the costs incurred in a supply chain system with a single vendor and multiple buyers. In this system, the vendor enters into a vendor-managed inventory (VMI) and a consignment stock (CS) partnership with several buyers. We assume that the items made by the vendor are not in perfect quality, but they contain a given proportion of defective units. We also assume that quality inspection of these items by the buyers is subject to sampling errors. Three cases indicating to different levels of supply integration are considered: VMI–CS system, traditional system and integrated system. For each case, a mathematical model is formulated, an optimum solution is developed, and a numerical example is solved.