热塑型聚氨酯结构形态的研究

本文研究了两个系列的热塑型聚氨酯—聚醚酯氨(ET)和聚酯氨酯(ES)的结构形态与相分离程度,提出了一种确定硬段含量(W_h)的IR方法。与NMR法、投料比法比较,三者得到非常吻合的结果。此外本文还研究了W_h、M_(n·■)、拉伸及热历史对相分离程度的影响。     

有机硅—聚氨酯嵌段共聚物合成结构及性能的研究——Ⅲ.有机硅—聚氨酯嵌段共聚物形态结构及性能的研究

本文用热分析仪(DSU)、粘弹谱仪及 ESCA 研究了有机硅—聚氨酯嵌段共聚物(PSU)的相态结构和动态力学性能,确定了 PSU 的微相分离形态结构.     

新型活性粉末混凝土的开发与性能研究

活性粉末混凝土是一种高性能的混凝土,现已开始进入实用阶段。在分析活性粉末混凝土特点的基础上,采用常规材料和一般工艺来配制活性粉末混凝土,对其性能进行测试,并探讨了它在工程方面的应用。     

多孔聚苯乙烯凝胶相分离条件与孔结构关系的研究

本文着重研究了以苯乙烯—二乙烯基苯为单体,采用悬浮聚合法制备多孔性聚苯乙烯凝胶的过程中,相分离条件与凝胶孔结构相之间的关系及体系的溶剂化能力对聚苯乙烯凝胶性能的影响。经一系列的实验对比及理论分析证明,用滴加异戊醇的方法,缓慢改变体系的不良化程度,使相分离尽量靠近凝胶点,所得的聚苯乙烯凝胶性能最佳。     

低挥发不饱和聚酯涂料的固化

为了降低不饱和聚酯固化过程挥发性和毒性,用衣康酸二甲酯代替苯乙烯作为不饱和聚酯固化活性稀释剂。探究了该体系引发剂、促进剂、稀释剂的用量及促进剂的选择,考察了实干时间、凝胶率、转化率、挥发分的变化,对比了衣康酸二甲酯和苯乙烯两种稀释剂对涂膜性能的影响。结果表明:衣康酸二甲酯为活性稀释剂时,该体系引发剂过氧化环己酮含量2.5%,促进剂异辛酸钴含量为引发剂质量的16%,稀释剂用量为30%,此时固化时间为5.5h,凝胶率达到76%;固化前20min略有挥发,40min后基本没有挥发,固化挥发分为15%,较苯乙烯相比降低5%;固化完全时,转化率达到50%,而凝胶率达到76%。通过分析两种稀释剂作用下的涂膜性能可知,衣康酸二甲酯与苯乙烯一样能优化涂膜性能,但存在亲水性差,用量较多的缺点。     

聚氨酯弹性导电复合纤维的制备与性能研究

以聚氨酯为弹性结构相,纳米炭黑为导电功能相,基于非溶剂致相分离原理,通过湿法纺丝工艺制备纳米炭黑/聚氨酯弹性导电纤维,并研究不同炭黑含量(10%~50%)复合纤维的力学性能及导电性能。结果表明:复合纤维的导电性随着炭黑含量的增加而得到显著提高。炭黑的质量分数为40%时,复合纤维的电导率为7.6S/m,具有良好的导电性能,其力学性能变差,但不影响使用。在智能纺织品、传感器等方面有很好的应用前景。     

SN型活性染料的性能与其结构关系的研究──三 染料的雕白性能与其结构关系的研究

合成了系列ＳＮ型活性染料，并研究了其雕白印花性能与其结构的关系，结果发现：ＳＮ型活性偶氮染料当活性基处在偶氮基对位时较处在间位时，其雕白性能好，染料的还原裂解碎片对纤维亲和力愈小．裂解碎片氨基物愈不易被氧化，则其可雕性就愈好。     

活性酯固化环氧树脂交联结构的研究

通过改变环氧树脂与固化剂活性酯的配比,测定了不同密度固化树脂体的动粘弹性,研究了固化树脂的交联结构。     

活性酯固化环氧树脂交联结构的研究

通过改变环氧树脂与固化剂活性酯的配比,测定了不同密度固化树脂体的动粘弹性,研究了固化树脂的交联结构。     

丙烯酸树脂乳液皮革涂饰剂结构与性能的关系

本文从皮革涂饰本身对涂层性能的要求、成革性能对涂层物理机械性能的要求这两个角度,综述了丙烯酸树脂乳液结构对使用性能的影响和某些特点。如对粘着力的影响,乳液粒子尺寸的影响,乳液机械性能与涂饰性能的关系等。着重讨论了乳液共聚物链结构对产品性能的影响,以期为达到丙烯酸树脂乳液皮革涂饰剂在总体上的产品设计提供依据。同时,也对我国丙烯酸树脂乳液皮革涂饰剂的发展提出了一些建议。     

Synthesis and properties of UV curable polyurethane acrylates based on two different hydroxyethyl acrylates

Two kinds of UV curable polyurethane acrylate oligomers (PUPA and PUCA) were synthesized via the addition reaction between isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and polyethylene glycol monoacrylate (PEA₆) or polycaprolactone modified hydroxyethyl acrylate (PCLA₂). The structures of PUPA and PUCA were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and the thermal stability and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of their cured films were measured by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), respectively. The viscosity of the oligomers and mechanical properties of the cured films were also studied. The results show that both oligomers have narrow molecular weight distribution. The viscosity of PUPA is 2.310 Pa·s at 25 °C, while that of PUCA is up to 3.980 Pa·s. The UV cured PUPA and PUCA films have homogeneous phase structure, and the PUCA film shows higher glass transition temperature and storage modulus. Furthermore, the PUCA film possesses better mechanical properties than PUPA, while the latter shows better alkali resistance.     

聚氨酯系膜结构与性能的研究

采用湿法相转换成膜技术制备聚氨酯／聚乙二醇（PU／PEG）膜，聚氨酯／聚丙烯腈（PU／PAN），聚氨酯／醋酸纤维素（PU／CA）和聚氨酯／聚砜（PU／PSF）共混膜，利用膜性能测试仪，扫描电子显微镜等仪器对膜的结构与性能进行了研究，分析和讨论了铸膜液组成，制条件，成孔剂含量等对共混膜性能的影响。     

双组份水性聚氨酯的合成及其力学性能

用聚碳酸酯二元醇、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和二羟甲基丙酸合成水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液,对WPU乳液进行固化获得WPU膜,研究水性聚氨酯乳液中DMPA用量、中和度、OH/NCO摩尔比对水性聚氨酯膜力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着乳液中OH/NCO摩尔比增加,WPU膜的断裂强度、模量先增加后降低,在OH/NCO摩尔比为4∶1时有极大值,而伸长率在此时出现最小值;WPU膜的断裂强度、模量随DMPA用量的增加而增加,伸长率则减小;中和度为100%时WPU膜的断裂强度、模量达到极小值而伸长率出现极大值.     

丙烯酸酯类改性水性聚氨酯的合成与性能研究

以甲苯二异氰酸酯、聚醚二元醇、二羟甲基丙酸为主要原料通过逐步加成聚合合成水性聚氨酯(WPU)乳液.采用丙烯酸酯与水性聚氨酯乳液共聚制备聚氨酯--丙烯酸酯的复合乳液(PUA),研究了PUA复合乳液的合成工艺.对胶膜的耐水性、耐溶剂性和红外光谱分析等进行分析和讨论;结果表明,在PU链上成功地引入丙烯酸酯,经改性后的WPU耐水剂性明显提高,尤其是经BA改性后的吸水率有36.7%、降为4.31%,在耐溶剂方面也有明显的改善.     

聚四氢呋喃醚二醇系聚氨酯溶液流变性研究

采用气压式毛细管流变仪对聚四氢呋喃醚二醇／4,4'—二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(PTMG／MDI)系聚氨酯溶液的流变性能进行了分析与讨论．结果表明,该溶液体系为切力变稀型流体,随聚氨酯中硬段含量增加,切力变稀现象明显．     

Microstructural characterizations and mechanical properties of Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn-xCu alloys

Microstructural characterization and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-8Sn-1Al-1Zn-xCu（x=0wt%, 1wt%, 1.5wt% and 2.0wt%） alloys were studied by OM, Pandat software, XRD, SEM, DSC and a standard universal testing machine. The experimental results indicate that adding Cu to TAZ811 alloy leads to the formation of the AlMgCu and Cu3 Sn phases. Tensile tests indicate that yield strength increases fi rstly and then decreases with increasing Cu content. The alloy with the addition of 1.5wt% Cu exhibits optimal mechanical properties among the studied alloys. The improved mechanical properties can be ascribed to the second phase strengthening and fi ne-grain strengthening mechanisms resulting from the more dispersed second phases and smaller grain size, respectively. The decrease in ultimate tensile strength and elongation of TAZ811-2.0wt% Cu alloy at room temperature is ascribed to the formation of continuous AlMgCu and coarse Mg2 Sn phases in the liquid state.     

Synthesis and properties of UV-curable hyperbranched polyurethane and its application in the negative-type photoresist

UV-curable hyperbranched polyurethane(UV-HBPU) containing carboxyl groups was synthesized from isophorone diisocyanate(IPDI), diethanolamine(DEOA), polyethylene glycol(PEG-400), hydroxyethyl acrylate(HEA), and 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid(DMPA). The UV-HBPU was used as a negative-type photoresist for a printed circuit board(PCB). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance(1HNMR) spectroscopy of UV-HBPUs indicated that the synthesis was successful. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) showed that the thermal stability of the UV-HBPUs decreased as the HEA content increased. The polymer exhibited excellent photoresist properties, and the resolution of circuits based on this negative-type photoresist reached 10 μm.     

Determination of relationships between thermal conductivityand material properties of rocks

Energy transfer between the adjacent parts of rocks in underground mines is widely influenced by the thermal conductivity of rocks. The relationships between the thermal conductivity and some material properties of rocks such as the uniaxial compressive strength, unit mass, tensile strength, cohesion, Young‘s modulus, point load strength, Schmidt rebound hardness, Shore scleroscope hardness and toughness strength were investigated. The statistical analysis of the data obtained in laboratory tests shows that the thermal conductivity increases with increasing the uniaxial compressive strength, unit mass, tensile strength, cohesion, Young‘s modulus, point load strength, Schmidt rebound hardness and Shore scleroscope hardness, and decreases with increasing the toughness strength.     

Fluoridation and sintering of hydroxyapatite material and their mechanical properties

In the current work hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6 ·OH2(HA) was sintered with the addition of 3 wt% aluminum isopropoxide(C9H21AlO3) powder and 3 wt % Teflon powder(-C2 F2-). Sample was prepared by following sol-gel technique. Obtained pellets of samples were sintered. For investigation of effects of temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties the samples were sintered at various temperatures. For studying the phase composition, microstructures and elemental analysis the sintered samples were characterized by X-rays diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive X-rays diffraction(EDAX) respectively. After sintering the samples mechanical properties, i e, grains size, apparent density, Vickers hardness, bending strength and compressive strength were found to be 2.14-18.76 μm, 1.523 6-0.752 g/cm3, 3.60-0.600 GPa and bending strength 33.265 8-14.900 MPa, 75-33 MPa, respectively. As a result of sintering fluoridated composite material was obtained.     

基于机器人采摘的柑橘机械特性研究

柑橘果实的机械特性,是设计针对柑橘采摘机器人末端执行器的重要依据.该研究利用弹性力学的赫芝(Hertz)理论对柑橘果实的受力与变形量的关系进行了理论分析,并通过对成熟柑橘进行匀速加压试验验证了该理论的分析结果,同时得到了该类柑橘果实的抗压机械特性.另外,还通过实验进一步分析研究了柑橘果实与硅胶材料之间的摩擦特性和柑橘果柄的切割特性,从而为设计实现柑橘抓持与果柄切割的柑橘采摘的机器人末端执行器提供准确的依据.