一种基于QAC和Klocwork软件的静态测试方法

为了提高软件的测试质量和效率,在软件测试中越来越多的测试工具被应用进行软件自动化测试。文章提出了一种基于软件测试工具QAC和Klocwork对代码进行静态测试的方法。首先,文章简要地介绍了这2种软件测试工具,并阐述了它们的测试过程;之后,分析了它们各自的特点及侧重方向;接着,指出了该方法对提高软件质量的影响;最后,结合实例验证了该方法的优越性。     

基于Markov决策过程用交叉熵方法优化软件测试

研究了待测软件某些参数已知的条件下,以最小化平均测试费用为目标的软件测试优化问题.将软件测试过程处理成马尔可夫(Markov)决策过程,给出了软件测试的马尔可夫决策模型,运用交叉熵方法,通过一种学习策略获得软件测试的最优测试剖面,用于优化软件测试.模拟结果表明,学习策略给出的测试剖面要优于随机测试策略,检测和排除相同数目的软件缺陷,学习策略比随机测试能够显著地减少测试用例数,降低测试成本,提高缺陷检测效率.     

基于概率统计的软件测试方法研究

为了缩短软件测试周期,本文把马尔可夫链模型运用于软件可靠性测试中,提出了这一技术进行软件可靠性测试的方法。在测试过程中使用了新的评判准则分析测试结果,通过实例证明了该评判准则的实用性和有效性。     

一种有效的Web性能测试方法及其应用*

针对Web应用软件的特征,提出了一种基于目标的性能测试方法,其关注的主要内容包括与Web应用相关的负载测试和压力测试两个方面。不但对这两个方面的测试方法进行了全面的分析和探讨,还强调了测试过程管理的重要作用,最后给出了这种方法在Web应用性能测试实践中的一个具体应用。     

面向对象软件中类的服务的测试模型与测试策略

类的服务的测试是面向对象的软件测试中的重要内容。本文介绍了一种类的服务的测试模型，即服务的块分支图，指出了该模型的两种获取途径，并在此基础上讨论了基本中径测试和功能测试的测试策略，以帮助测试人员比较全面地，有针对性地构造测试用例。     

Pairwise testing for systems with data derived from real‐valued variable inputs

Pairwise testing is an effective combinatorial test case generation approach in which test cases are developed to execute all possible pairwise combinations of system inputs. It can help reduce the number of test cases and save testing time yet still effective in finding defects. However, it is very difficult for practitioners to effectively apply pairwise testing in the real world because of the lack of suitable techniques and guidelines. To redress this situation, this paper conducts a case study of applying pairwise testing to system data derived from real‐valued variable inputs. In order to apply pairwise testing to this case study, this paper develops a test procedure and a novel partitioning method to test derived data as a naïve application of the conventional pairwise testing that would produce a huge number of test cases. A comparative evaluation shows that the pairwise testing of the proposed approach is more effective than the random testing with a 12–20% higher fault detection ratio. Based on our experience, guidelines for applying pairwise testing in practice are also presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal stopping of multi-project software testing in the context of software cybernetics

Software cybernetics explores the interplay between control theory/engineering and software theory/engineering. The controlled Markov chains (CMC) approach to software testing follows the idea of software cybernetics and treats software testing as a control problem. The software under test serves as a controlled object and the software testing strategy serves as the corresponding controller. The software under test and the software testing strategy make up a closed-loop feedback control system, and the theory of controlled Markov chains can be used to design and optimize software testing strategies in accordance with testing/reliability goals given a priori. In this paper we apply the CMC approach to the optimal stopping problem of multi-project software testing. The problem under consideration assumes that a single stopping action can stop testing of all the software systems under test simultaneously. The theoretical results presented in this paper describe how to test multiple software systems and whe     

一种软件可靠性测试方法研究

为了缩短软件测试周期,本文把马尔可夫链模型运用于软件可靠性测试中,提出了这一技术进行软件可靠性测试的方法。在测试过程中使用了新的评判准则分析测试结果,通过实例证明了该评判准则的实用性和有效性。     

基于风险测试揭错能力分析

在介绍了基于风险测试的基本原理后,通过简化的测试模型讨论了基于风险测试的方法在软件揭错能力上的改善。并进一步讨论了 该方法在实际操作中的实施关健,认识其本身风险性及规避方法。     

基于数据流的类测试技术研究

面向对象软件测试已成为软件工程领域的一个重要研究课题,其中,类测试是面向对象软件测试的关键。论文在介绍传统数据流测试技术的基础上,以面向对象软件的类作为基本测试单元,研究了一种基于数据流的类测试技术。     

Non-specification-based approaches to logic testing for software

Testing is a crucial part of the development of software systems. In this paper, we consider testing of an implementation that is intended to satisfy a Boolean formula. In the literature, specification-based testing has been suggested for this purpose. Typically, such methods first hypothesize a fault class and then generate tests. However, there is almost no research that justifies fault classes proposed previously. Moreover, specifications amenable to automatic test generation are not always available to testers in practice. Based on these observations, we examine the applicability of non-specification-based approaches, which need no specification in the form of a Boolean formula to create tests. We compare a specification-based approach to three non-specification-based approaches, namely, random testing, antirandom testing, and combinatorial testing. The results of an experiment show that combinatorial testing is often comparative to specification-based testing and is superior to both random testing and antirandom testing.     

基于受控Markov链的软件自适应测试策略

基于简化的受控Markov链软件自适应测试模型大多是研究如何以最小的期望成本检测并移除所有的缺陷,并在构建模型时对部分条件进行特殊化和理想化处理.针对受控Markov链软件测试模型适用范围小、效率低的缺陷,在软件控制论思想基础上,对制约条件进行了一系列新的转换,提出一种改进的、资源约束的受控Markov链模型,该模型能够在高效性、复杂性和适用性3方面达到一个平衡.根据该模型设计一种新的软件缺陷优化测试策略,再通过参数估计对优化测试策略进行在线调整的方法,以构造软件自适应测试策略.为了证明其有效,利用该模型得到的新的软件自适应测试策略进行仿真实验,进一步得到了有效结果.     

在测试用例不放回时比较随机测试和分割测试

在测试用例放回的情况下,关于随机测试和分割测试的比较,许多研究者做了大量的工作,取得了显著成果.在测试用例不放回的情况下,类似的比较工作在国内外文献中尚未见到.然而在实际工作中,尤其是在软件测试早期和模块测试阶段,测试用例是不放回的.因此,在测试用例不放回的情况下,对随机测试和分割测试进行了比较,得出4个结论.与Chen和Yu在测试用例放回情况下的研究成果相比,一个不同的发现是,在平分子域、错误数、测试次数时,分割测试不如随机测试效果好.另外还发现,如何利用各种信息分割出错误集中的区域,然后着重测试,这是分割测试的核心.     

Real-world board test effectiveness

In-circuit testing is commonly thought to be inefficient for a high level of quality control, and unable to match the high yields of functional testing. A quantitative study of 34,296 boards that represented the testing of 6,671,038 components reveals that in-circuit testing can produce high yields -96.9% in this case. The author looks at this study     

基于测试需求的互操作性测试用例生成方法

网络化应用将成为未来软件技术发展的主导模式。为了保证网络化应用之间能够有效地协同工作,必须对其进行互操作性测试。互操作性测试具有测试需求复杂易变、测试用例设计困难的特点,因而需要消耗大量成本。为此,提出一种基于测试需求的互操作性测试用例生成方法。该方法采用模型驱动的测试思想,以测试需求模型描述互操作性测试需求,以状态图描述各被测应用的规格说明,通过两者的结合生成满足测试需求的测试用例。     

安全关键软件的防危性测评技术研究

为了评估安全关键软件的防危性,该文在分析软件可靠性与防危性异同的基础上,建立了相应的防危性评估指标,同时研究了传统统计测试方法确定所需防危性测试用例数的局限性。紧接着,使用贝叶斯函数动态地表示软件失效率的密度函数,提出了一种增量记忆型的防危性测试方法,该方法可根据软件出现失效时间的早晚及次数动态地确定所需测试用例数的增量,达到了改进传统测试方法局限性的目的,使安全关键软件测试失效后可经受更严格的测试,同时减小了测试工作量,为证明该方法的合理性、有效性,使用了大量例证。最后,就该领域内的相关工作及发展方向进行了展望。     

Investigating the relationship between schedules and knowledge transfer in software testing

This empirical study investigates the relationship between schedules and knowledge transfer in software testing. In our exploratory survey, statistical analysis indicated that increased knowledge transfer between testing and earlier phases of software development was associated with testing schedule over-runs. A qualitative case study was conducted to interpret this result. We found that this relationship can be explained with the size and complexity of software, knowledge management issues, and customer involvement. We also found that the primary strategies for avoiding testing schedule over-runs were reducing the scope of testing, leaving out features from the software, and allocating more resources to testing.     

基于EAI和AOP的软件安全测试及应用研究

提高软件安全测试方法的易操作性和可复用性在软件工程中具有重要的研究意义.研究了一种用于测试软件安全的基于EAI模型(Environment Application Interaction Model)的软件错误注入测试方法,提出了基于面向方面编程(AOP)实现软件错误注入的安全测试模型(AOEAI)及其实现方法.对应用软件进行了实际测试,实验结果表明,该方法不仅是有效的,而且具有易操作性和可复用性强的特点.     

复合配置约束的知识审核研究

针对实例的配置合理性审核以及复合配置约束入库前的冗余和一致审核,提出了一种基于布尔方程组的复合配置约束表达形式,给出了配置约束冗余和一致判定的充分必要条件以及配置合理性审核的算法。实例表明,这种表达形式有利于对于新加入规则库的配置约束进行冗余和一致审核,并且使实例的配置合理性审核得到简化。     

基于面向对象程序代码的类测试技术

面向对象软件的基本测试单元是类，文中提出了用一种基于代码的测试技术－数据流测试来全面地测试类。对类测试分为３级：单个成员函数的测试；公有成员函数的测试；公有成员函数接口的测试。