富马酸交联PVA/ZIF-8新型复合薄膜的制备及性能研究

采用流延法制备了一系列富马酸交联的聚乙烯醇(PVA)/沸石咪唑酯骨架材料(ZIF-8)新型复合薄膜,通过接触角、溶胀度、拉伸强度、透光率和雾度、透湿性能和傅里叶变换红外光谱等测试对复合薄膜进行了性能表征,研究了ZIF-8含量对PVA复合薄膜的亲水性、力学性能、渗透性、透光性能的影响。结果表明,随着ZIF-8含量的增加,复合薄膜的耐水性明显提高,接触角上升了20.01 °,透湿性能提高了7.12×10?13 g·cm/cm2·s·Pa,但薄膜的拉伸强度下降了71.52 MPa,透光率下降了33.43 %。     

无水、半水石膏晶须用于瓦楞纸加填的对比研究

研究对比了半水、无水两种石膏晶须在瓦楞纸中的加填应用效果，发现相比半水石膏晶须，无水石膏晶须在水中溶解度明显更低，因而用于纸张加填时保留率更好。加填量为5%时，无水石膏晶须可以明显改善纸张强度性能，但进一步增加填料用量，纸张强度下降；半水石膏晶须用于纸张加填时，随着加填量增加，纸张强度性能呈逐渐下降趋势；同等填料用量下，无水石膏晶须加填纸张的强度性能更好。阳离子淀粉应用可以改善加填石膏晶须纸张的强度性能，而且相比对半水石膏晶须加填纸张的增强效果更好。相关研究为磷石膏晶须更好地用于纸张加填提供了数据和理论支持。     

漂白废报纸脱墨浆配抄书写纸AKD施胶工艺的研究

主要研究漂白废报纸脱墨浆配比,助留体系,施胶程序对书写纸AKD(烷基烯酮二聚物)施胶效果的影响。结果表明:随着漂白废报纸脱墨浆的配比增加,纸张的抗水能力逐渐提高;CPAM(阳离子聚丙烯酰胺)/膨润土助留体系较CS(阳离子淀粉)/硅溶胶助留体系更适合于含脱墨浆的浆料体系;CS-AKD-PCC(沉淀碳酸钙)-CPAM-膨润土施胶顺序的施胶效果最好。采用正交实验的方法对AKD施胶工艺进行优化,较适宜的工艺条件为:AKD用量4%,CS用量0.6%,PCC用量5%,CPAM用量0.03%(质量分数)。     

疏水抗菌食品包装纸的制备及其性能研究

随着对绿色环保包装的要求,纸质包装在食品中的应用越来越多,但纸张在食品包装中仍存在疏水性弱、抑菌性弱等缺陷。本研究采用改性纳米二氧化钛为填料,以聚乳酸（PLA）为涂层基材,通过涂布的方式制备一种具有疏水、抗菌性能的食品包装纸。研究了改性纳米二氧化钛添加量对涂布纸抗张强度、热封强度、水接触角以及抑菌性等性能的影响。结果表明：随着改性纳米二氧化钛添加量的增大：（1）纸张的抗张强度和热封强度呈先增后减趋势,在添加量为1%时达到最大值;（2）纸张的水接触角和抑菌性呈不断增大趋势,其中水接触角在添加量为1%时达98.1°,满足疏水材料需求,而抑菌性则在4%时为最佳。综上：当改性纳米二氧化钛添加量为1%时,制备的涂布纸的综合性能最佳。     

复合填料强化活性污泥沉降和脱水性能的研究

为了研究复合填料对活性污泥沉降和脱水性能的影响及影响机理,通过改变复合填料、腐殖土、复合填料释放出阳离子的投加量,考察活性污泥沉降和脱水性能的变化。以期从阳离子的角度明确复合填料对活性污泥沉降和脱水性能的影响机制。结果表明:随着复合填料投加量的增加,SVI和CST值降低,在投加量为5 g·L~(-1)时,SVI和CST分别为32.81 mL·g~(-1)、8.3 s,沉降性能和脱水性能分别提高32.2%和42%。复合填料有利于提高活性污泥沉降和脱水性能,且对活性污泥沉降和脱水性能的改善效果优于腐殖土;复合填料中释放出的二价阳离子对于污泥沉降和脱水性能起强化作用。     

SA/FK智能复合微球的交互作用及溶胀性能

采用挤压法制备了海藻酸钠/羽毛蛋白(SA/FK)复合微球。用FTIR和黏度法研究了SA/FK体系的交互作用、探讨了不同制备条件(FK用量、交联剂质量分数、交联时间)、溶胀溶液性质(pH、温度、离子强度)对溶胀性能的影响。结果表明,复合体系的交互作用是静电为主,氢键次之。随着时间延长,溶胀速率变缓,最终达到溶胀平衡。当m(FK)/m(SA)=0.60、w(CaCl2)=7%、交联时间为60 min时,复合微球网络结构最紧密,溶胀速率最低,平衡溶胀率分别为0.6、0.6、0.9。pH由1增加至7,平衡溶胀率仅从0.9升至1.1,当pH=13时,平衡溶胀率升至3.8。温度由30℃提高至45℃,平衡溶胀率从0.6升至0.9。离子强度由0增加至0.6 mol/L,平衡溶胀率从1.1升至13.8。SA/FK复合微球具有pH/温度/离子强度敏感性,有望实现新型智能缓释微球的开发。     

国内信息

我国造纸业碳酸钙的使用现状及需求预测　　我国有造纸企业约 4 0 0家 ,但使用AKD中性施胶及研磨碳酸钙 (GCC)为填料的企业还不到 5 %。若按 2 0 0 1年全国纸及纸版产量 32 0 0万t以及外资、合资企业在内计算 ,使用AKD中、碱性施胶及GCC为填料的约占纸产量的 2 0 % ,单是这批产纸企业 ,其GCC使用量已达 6 0万t/a ;使用GCC的还有 :涂布纸 :3.85万t/a ;涂布面版纸 :0 .0 5万t/a ;白版纸(非涂布 )面层 :0 .179万t/a。以上 4项重钙消费量共约 6 4 .1万t/a。而按常规涂布纸、白版纸、非涂布白版纸配比推算 ,轻钙 (PCC)的需求量则为 2 8.…     

硅烷偶联剂处理木塑复合材胶接接头的耐水性

利用硅烷偶联剂KH560对木粉/聚乙烯复合材料进行表面处理以改善其胶接性能。利用接触角、吸水量、表面形貌以及胶接强度测试等分析方法,研究了硅烷偶联剂处理聚乙烯木塑复合材料胶接接头在水环境中的胶接耐久性能。试验结果表明,机械打磨并偶联剂处理后,聚乙烯木塑复合材表面接触角增加,表面粗糙度增大,胶接强度和耐水性明显提高。偶联剂分子链上环氧基团的"架桥"作用以及甲氧基的憎水作用,是粘接强度和耐水性能提高的主要原因。浸水环境下,聚乙烯木塑复合材料表面粗糙度略有降低;随着浸水时间的延长,表面接触角下降,胶接接头的吸水量增加,胶接强度下降。水环境下聚乙烯木塑复合材料中木质纤维成分的吸水膨胀,是造成胶接强度下降的主要原因。     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮半互穿网络智能凝胶的合成和电场行为研究

利用化学交联法,制备了由聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和丙烯酰胺(Am)、丙烯酸(AA)复合的具有半互穿网络(Semi-IPNs)结构的高分子水凝胶。研究了凝胶在直流电场作用下NaCl溶液中的溶胀、弯曲行为及交联剂含量、PVP含量对水凝胶的溶胀性质、拉伸强度的影响。结果表明凝胶的最大弯曲率随着时间和电场强度的增加而增大,随溶液离子浓度的增加呈现出最大值。增加PVP可以提高拉伸强度降低弯曲度,适当增加交联剂,可以加强拉伸强度108.51%,降低溶胀度68.29%。     

壳聚糖接枝物改性胶原蛋白海绵状敷料的制备与表征

以胶原蛋白(Col)为载体,壳聚糖(CS)和羟丙甲纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯(HPMCP)的接枝共聚物CS-gHPMCP为性能改良剂,采用冷冻干燥工艺制备不同CS-g-HPMCP含量的Col/CS-g-HPMCP复合海绵状敷料,并利用扫描电子显微镜对其多孔结构进行表征,探讨不同CS-g-HPMCP含量对复合海绵状敷料的溶胀率、溶失率、透湿量以及力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着CS-g-HPMCP含量的增加,复合海绵状敷料的溶胀率总体上增大,溶失率总体上降低,透湿量、拉伸强度和断裂伸长率先升高后降低。当CS-g-HPMCP质量分数为60%时,复合海绵状敷料的溶胀率为313.7%,溶失率为27.4%,透湿量为5 282.3g/(m2·d),拉伸强度和断裂伸长率最高,分别为45.6MPa和23.9%,其各项性能优异,是具有应用潜力的海绵状医用敷料。     

Effect of particle size of magnesium silicate filler on physical properties of paper

Fillers are essential component of printing papers to increase the opacity, brightness, and to improve formation and printing properties. As a very little work has been reported so far on magnesium silicate (talc), the study was conducted with the filler of different particle size for papermaking. The sheets were made in the laboratory with refined mixed hardwood chemical pulp with five grades of talc, ground calcium carbonate (GCC) and precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) fillers with 15–24% ash level. Apparent density along with tensile, burst, tear index, Z‐direction tensile strength (ZDTS) and bending stiffness index were evaluated for talc filled sheets, and compared with GCC and PCC. Physical strength properties of talc filled sheets were decreased at a faster rate on increasing filler loading in paper and decreasing the particle size of the filler. With same type of filler its particle size determines the physical properties of paper. The postulate was not found to be valid for all the three varieties of fillers viz., talc, PCC and GCC. Shape and geometry of the PCC and GCC fillers determine the individual property. © 2012 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering     

Property modulation of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels by incorporation of modified silica

Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA)/silica composite hydrogels were prepared and the effects of the silica incorporation on the swelling and breaking characteristics of the hydrogels were investigated. To improve the dispersive property of silica in the PNIPA matrix via the formation of covalent bonds between the polymer and silica, vinyl groups were introduced in the silica by reacting it with a coupling agent, 3‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. When unmodified silica was used as filler in the PNIPA‐composite hydrogel, the swelling ratio of the composite hydrogel below the critical gel transition temperature (CGTT) increased with increasing silica content. However, when the modified silica was used as the filler, the swelling ratio below CGTT decreased with increasing silica content because of the enhanced distribution and additional crosslinking. Above CGTT, the swelling ratios of the PNIPA/silica hydrogels were similar regardless of the silica modification. The gel breaking stress of the hydrogels increased with increasing silica content, and this enhancement was larger for the modified silica hydrogel. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the modified silica particles were distributed more evenly in the PNIPA matrix than the unmodified ones were and that the size of cell‐like structure of the hydrogel decreased with increasing modified silica content. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Effect of filler treatments on rheological behavior of calcium carbonate and talc‐filled polypropylene hybrid composites

Commercial stearic acid treated calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) was used to make a comparative study on rheological behavior of the CaCO₃ and talc‐filled polypropylene (PP) hybrid composites with nontreated filler. Apparent shear viscosity and extrudate swell were investigated with variation of filler ratio and temperature with 30% by weight total of filler was used in PP composite. The Shimadzu capillary rheometer was used to evaluate shear viscosity and shear rate of the composite. It was found that the shear viscosities decrease with increasing shear rate. The apparent shear viscosity of the composite containing the stearic acid treated is slightly lower than untreated filler. Shear thickening behavior at higher shear rate has also shown by 15/15 treated composites at higher temperature about 220°C and investigation by SEM has proved that filler being densely packed at that condition. Treated composites also exhibit lower swelling ratio value than untreated composite, and swelling ratio also decreases linearly with increasing temperature and the die length–diameter ratio. It is believed that dispersion of filler play an important role not only on shear viscosity but also on swelling ratio of PP composite. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5421–5426, 2006     

无机填料/PVC复合材料的力学性能与加工性能

研究4种不同形状的无机填料CaCO3、滑石粉、硅藻土和硫酸镁晶须(MSW)对PVC力学性能和加工性能的影响.SEM观察PVC复合材料的冲击缺口断面微观形貌和无机填料在PVC基体中的分散情况.结果表明:粒状的CaCO3和针状的MSW对PVC复合材料的冲击性能有利,起到增韧作用;而无规的硅藻土对PVC复合材料的冲击性能影响不大;片状的滑石粉反而降低PVC复合材料的冲击强度.     

Solvent-free fabrication of thermally conductive insulating epoxy composites with boron nitride nanoplatelets as fillers

A solvent-free method for the fabrication of thermally conductive epoxy-boron nitride (BN) nanoplatelet composite material is developed in this study. By this method, polymer composites with nearly any filler fractions can be easily fabricated. The maximum thermal conductivity reaches 5.24 W/mK, which is 1,600% improvement in comparison with that of pristine epoxy material. In addition, the as-fabricated samples exhibit excellent overall performances with great mechanical property and thermal stability well preserved.     

HDPE／氢氧化镁复合体系力学性能及阻燃性能研究

本文研究了氢氧化镁表面处理的工艺对以高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）为基体的复合材料力学性能的影响，筛选出的效果较好的偶联剂及稀释剂，证明处理温度及时间对力学性能影响不大，考察了氢氧化镁的填加量对力学性能及阻燃性能的影响。     

填料改性充油SEBS力学性能的研究

采用熔融共混方法研究了碳酸钙填充充油SEBS复合材料的力学性能的影响。力学性能测试表明:填料的种类不同对SEBS复合材料的性能有一定的影响,随着填料的用量增加,共混物的拉伸强度下降,100%拉伸永久变形、扯断永久变形和断裂伸长率都逐渐增大。     

On the inhomogeneous hydration kinetics and stiffness evolution of HNBR‐MgO reactive elastomer composites

Swellable elastomers are widely used in oilfield industry for sealing and zonal isolation applications. These materials need to sustain a large amount of external load after swelling. A newly developed reactive hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) based elastomer composite with magnesium oxide (MgO) as filler can swell and stiffen when exposed to water, which makes it ideal for oil field applications. However, both the filler hydration and the stiffness evolution inside this composite material are observed to be highly inhomogeneous even for samples on the length scale of millimeters. To understand this coupled diffusion‐hydration process is critical for applications of these materials with larger length scales. In this work, the hydration kinetics and stiffness evolution of the HNBR‐MgO composite are quantitatively studied on microscopic level. The extent of MgO hydration along the thickness of the sample are measured at the different stage of swelling. These results are used to determine the diffusion coefficient of water inside the composite. The diffusivity increases orders of magnitude after the filler hydration. In addition, the modulus change is non‐proportional to the degree of filler hydration as demonstrated by instrumented grid indentation on the hydrated composites. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43420.     

An analytical investigation on the effect of porous conductive cellulose acetate composite morphology on the detection of organic compounds

A smart porous conductive polymer composite (CPC) consisting of cellulose acetate as matrix and multiwalled carbon nanotubes as conductive filler was prepared to detect a set of lung cancer biomarkers. The solvent evaporation-induced phase separation was used to introduce porosity into the conductive composite. The prepared sensitive layers exhibited high response intensity, low response time, and good recovery behavior toward the mentioned analytes. A thorough investigation was conducted on the morphology, response behavior, sensitivity, and selectivity of the prepared CPC transducer. The selectivity of responses was considered based on the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of polymer and analytes such as Hansen solubility parameters, Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, and diffusion coefficient of analytes into the polymer membrane. Moreover, the microstructure of porous layers was characterized by using SEM, contact angle, and BET. The volume porosity and specific surface area of the sensitive layers were increased by the introduction of porosity into the polymer composite, causing the improvement of sensing parameters. The obtained responses further confirmed the promising potential of the prepared porous CPC structure, for the detection of lung cancer biomarkers, from exhaled breath as an inexpensive, repeatable, accurate, and noninvasive method.     

滑石粉-淀粉增强剂的制备及其性能研究

利用滑石粉和淀粉制备了一种造纸增强剂,研究了滑石粉和淀粉比例对该造纸增强剂的润胀能力、白度和接触角的影响以及交联剂用量对增强剂润胀能力的影响,并将其应用于纸张抄造中,研究了其对纸张性能的影响。结果表明,随着淀粉在增强剂中比例的提高,增强剂的润胀能力提高,白度降低,接触角减小。交联剂用量较高时,增强剂的润胀能力有所降低。和使用未经处理的纯滑石粉相比,滑石粉-淀粉增强剂用量为15%~20%时,抗张强度可提高20%,耐破度可提高44%,耐折度可提高130%。