适用于SerDes接收器DFE的高速动态比较器

在SerDes电路中,高速数据传输的关键在于均衡的速率,因此随着SerDes对数据传输速率要求越来越高,对SerDes中接收器的判决反馈均衡器的速率要求也在提高。作为自适应判决反馈均衡器的关键组成部分,比较器的延时大小决定了自适应均衡器的判决容限。为了满足低压应用对高速率比较器的低延迟要求,文章基于传统双尾比较器提出一种新的适用于SerDes接收器中判决反馈均衡器的高速差分信号动态比较器电路。在TSMC 28 nm CMOS工艺下,当电源电压为1 V时,平均延迟时间为52.58 ps,可满足高达15 Gbit/s数据速率的判决反馈均衡器应用需求。     

A 2.5- to 3.5-Gb/s Adaptive FIR Equalizer With Continuous-Time Wide-Bandwidth Delay Line in 0.25-$muhbox m$CMOS

This paper presents an adaptive finite impulse response (FIR) equalizer with continuous-time wide-bandwidth delay line in CMOS 0.25-$muhbox m$process for 2.5-Gb/s to 3.5-Gb/s data communications. To achieve wide bandwidth, fractionally spaced structure is used and an inverter with active-inductor load design is proposed as the delay cell of the tap delay line. Close loop adaptation of the fractionally spaced FIR equalizer is demonstrated using a low-power and area-efficient pulse extraction method as on-chip error detector. Measurement results show that the proposed adaptive equalizer achieves over 75% horizontal eye opening when the channel loss at the half-data-rate frequency varies from 4 dB to 21 dB at 2.5-Gb/s data rate. At 3.5-Gb/s data rate, the equalizer achieves 68% horizontal eye opening when the channel loss is about 9.3 dB at the half-data-rate frequency. The adaptive equalizer including the FIR filter and the error detector occupies 0.095$hbox mm^2$die area and dissipates 95 mW at 2.5-Gb/s data rate from 2.5-V voltage supply.     

Cyclic prefixed single carrier and multicarrier transmission: bit rate comparison

We consider cyclic prefixed single carrier and adaptive multicarrier transmission over a frequency selective channel. We compare the achievable bit rate for a target bit error rate. We analytically prove that the bit rate achieved with multicarrier transmission with adaptive modulation is always higher than that obtained with single carrier transmission when a one-tap frequency domain equalizer is used. We also show that the same adaptively loaded multicarrier scheme reaches the performance of single carrier transmission with a block decision-feedback equalizer.     

Grouped signed power-of-two algorithms for low-complexity adaptive equalization

With increasing demand for higher data rate, modern communication systems have grown more complex. Equalization has become more and more important as it is effective in mitigating the multipath fading often occurred in high-data-rate communication systems. However, the implementation complexity of adaptive equalizers is usually too high for mobile communication applications. In this paper, a novel adaptive equalization algorithm and its low-complexity architecture are proposed. This algorithm employs a new grouped signed power-of-two (GSPT) number representation. The GSPT algorithm and several enhanced versions are simulated as adaptive equalizers in a phase-shift keying communication receiver for several practical channels and the GSPT-based equalizers perform as well as the least mean square (LMS) equalizer. Moreover, for comparison, two GSPT-based equalizers and two other equalizers are implemented in field-programmable gate arrays. The GSPT-based equalizers require only about 25%-30% of the hardware resources needed in the LMS equalizer. Also the GSPT-based equalizers are more than twice as fast as the LMS equalizer.     

一种用于QAM解调信号的LMS自适应均衡器

设计了一种用于QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)解调信号的LMS自适应均衡器。此均衡器采用线性自适应算法中的最小均方算法(LMS)．其结构由线性横向滤波器和需要训练序列的滤波器抽头系数更新模块组成．它可实现16／64／256点的QAM解调。利用MATLAB／Simulink对LMS自适应均衡器的收敛速度、误码率等指标进行仿真模拟,仿真结果表明,此LMS自适应均衡器对通过非理想信道的QAM传输信号具有较好的均衡性能。     

利用自适应均衡滤波器改善大气湍流信道OWC性能

光无线通信是近年来无线通信领域的研究热点之一。大气湍流是影响光无线通信的重要因素,特别是在高速数字通信中会产生严重的码间干扰。本文分析了大气湍流信道的特性,提出采用自适应LMS均衡技术改善大气湍流信道的性能,对采用OOK调制方式的OWC系统均衡前后的误码率性能进行了分析比较。仿真结果表明自适应LMS均衡技术可以将系统的性能提高约10dB。     

Continuous-time integrated FIR filters at microwave frequencies

We discuss adaptive integrated finite-impulse response (FIR) filters operating in the continuous time domain. These filters become attractive to implement at microwave frequencies. An important topological property of the traveling wave FIR filter is presented, and its advantages when used as an adaptive equalizer are pointed out. Design considerations and modeling aspects of compact on-chip delay lines are given. Simulation results for an adaptive equalizer operating at a data rate of 10 Gb/s are presented.     

Adaptive band-pass equalizer for multiple carrier data transmission

In this paper, a novel band-pass equalizer for orthogonal multiple carrier (omc) data receivers is investigated. Essentially, the band-pass equalizer consists of an fir filter preceding the receiver filter bank and processing the whole transmission band at the high input sampling rate. The coefficients of the fir equalizer are optimized iteratively in the sense of a minimum mean square error of the received and demodulated signals. A simulation of the proposed equalizer on a work-station shows that it adapts in a substantially shorter time compared to adaptive multichannel baseband equalizers at a comparable computational efficiency.     

Analysis of multi-tone interference suppression in HF serial data transmission system

The multi-tone interference suppression in HF serial data transmission systems is analyzed. Analytic expression for the tap weights and minimum mean square errors of the adaptive equalizer in HF serial systems are obtained. The rate of convergence of equalizer indicate that the equalizer in HF serial system can not only track the rapid variation of HF channel but also suppress the multi-tone interferences perfectly.     

ANALYSIS OF MULTI-TONE INTERFERENCE SUPPKESSION IN HF SERIAL DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

The multi-tone interference suppression in HF serial data transmission systemsis analyzed.Analytic expression for the tap weights and minimum mean square errors of theadaptive equalizer in HF serial systems are obtained.The rate of convergence of equalizer indicatethat the equalizer in HF serial system can not only track the rapid variation of HF channel butalso suppress the multi-tone interferences perfectly.     

平均自适应滤波的信道均衡算法研究

近年来数字传输系统的信道均衡侧重于训练时间的缩短和跟踪速度的加快,需要研究快速收敛的自适应算法。从这点考虑递归最小二乘(RLS)均衡器是最佳的选择,但RLS算法的运算非常复杂而且存在稳定性问题,因而有必要研究一种能够代替传统RLS的算法。在本文中介绍一种基于平均自适应滤波(AFA)算法的均衡器,其主要优点是与RLS算法相当的快速收敛速度,同时运算复杂度较低。     

一种基于信道缩短的深衰落稀疏均衡改进算法

针对较低信噪比下的深衰落稀疏多径信道,提出了一种基于信道缩短的自适应稀疏均衡改进算法。该算法采用前置分数间隔信道缩短均衡器与后置自适应稀疏均衡器级联的均衡器结构,其中,首先利用短训练序列设计基于最小均方误差准则的前置均衡器,前置均衡器与稀疏多径信道级联后得到能量集中于较短时间区域且分布稀疏的等效信道,使得原始信道的深衰落畸变得到部分有效补偿;然后采用能实现稀疏信号重构的随机梯度追踪算法调整后置自适应均衡器的抽头系数,后置均衡器用于消除等效信道的剩余符号间干扰。仿真结果表明,与传统的单级分数间隔自适应均衡器相比,该算法具有收敛速度快和运算复杂度低的优点。     

A Novel Algorithm for Simple Hybrid of Adaptive Array and Equalizer

Adaptive array has been used for canceling the interference in communication. When the array cannot suppress all the interference, an equalizer following the array can add to further enhance the capability of canceling the inter-symbol interference (ISI). The adaptive array and equalizer (AE) will suffer the problems of insufficient degrees of freedom and main-beam multi-path ISI. The hybrid of adaptive array and equalizer (HAE) uses a modified training sequence to adjust the weights of adaptive array that leads the array to cancel only the co-channel interference (CCI). The ISI are removed by the equalizer following the array. Thus, the HAE can combat the above problems successfully. Though the HAE improves the performance of AE, a transversal filter is added to generate the modified training sequence. Besides, the weights of equalizer in the HAE, which adjust after the weights of adaptive array, will make the convergent rate slowly. A simple hybrid of adaptive array and equalizer (SHAE) utilizes the output signal of system to adjust the weights of both the adaptive array and equalizer simultaneously. Therefore, the convergent rate of the HAE can improve by the SHAE. Moreover, the ISI can be suppressed by the equalizer instead of the adaptive array in the SHAE that will improve the performance of AE without using the transversal filter. As the mutual coupling present, the convergent rate of the SHAE will slow down. In this paper, a least mean square error algorithm with mutual coupling present is proposed to improve the convergent rate of SHAE, also.     

Low-complexity adaptive decision-feedback equalization of MIMO channels

A new adaptive MIMO channel equalizer is proposed based on adaptive generalized decision-feedback equalization and ordered-successive interference cancellation. The proposed equalizer comprises equal-length subequalizers, enabling any adaptive filtering algorithm to be employed for coefficient updates. A recently proposed computationally efficient recursive least squares algorithm based on dichotomous coordinate descents is utilized to solve the normal equations associated with the adaptation of the new equalizer. Convergence of the proposed algorithm is examined analytically and simulations show that the proposed equalizer is superior to the previously proposed adaptive MIMO channel equalizers by providing both enhanced bit error rate performance and reduced computational complexity. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm exhibits stable numerical behavior and can deliver a trade-off between performance and complexity.     

HF串行数据传输系统抑制CW干扰的性能分析＊

本文从理论上分析了HF串行数据传输系统抑制CW干扰的性能,求出了系统中自适应均衡器的最佳系数与最小均方误差表达式,并对CW干扰对均衡器收敛性的影响进行分析,指出HF串行数据传输系统中的自适应均衡器既能跟踪信道快速变化,又具有强的抑制CW干扰的能力。     

HF串行数字传输系统抑制多音干扰的性能分析

本文从理论上分析了HF串行数字传输系统抑制多音干扰的性能;求出了系统中自适应均衡器的最佳系数和最小均方误差表达式;分析了多音干扰对均衡器收敛性的影响;指出HF串行数字传输系统中的自适应均衡器既能跟踪信道快速变化,又具有强的抑制多音干扰的能力。     

判决反馈均衡器结构及LMS算法研究

数字通信系统中多径衰落的无线信道环境通常会使接收信号受到严重的码间干扰。自适应均衡可以校正信道产生的畸变。文中介绍了基于LMS算法的自适应均衡器的原理和结构,在给定的信道模型下利用MAT- LAB工具对其收敛速度和精度进行仿真,结果表明在无线通信中,判决反馈均衡器比线性均衡器有更好的效果。     

A 10 Gb/s BiCMOS adaptive cable equalizer

A 10 Gb/s adaptive equalizer IC using SiGe BiCMOS technology is described. The circuit consists of the combination of an analog equalizer and an adaptive feedback loop for minimizing the inter-symbol interference (ISI) for a variety of cable characteristics. The adaptive loop functions using a novel slope-detection circuit which has a characteristic that correlates closely with the amount of ISI. The chip occupies an area of 0.87 mm/spl times/0.81 mm and consumes a power of 350 mW with 3.3 V power supply. This adaptive equalizer is able to compensate for a cable loss up to 22dB at 5 GHz while maintaining a low bit-error rate.     

Application of Least Squares Lattice Algorithms to Adaptive Equalization

In many applications of adaptive data equalization, rapid initial convergence of the adaptive equalizer is of paramount importance. Apparently, the fastest known equalizer adaptation algorithm is based on a recursive least squares estimation algorithm. In this paper we show how the least squares lattice algorithms, recently introduced by Morf and Lee, can be adapted to the equalizer adjustment algorithm. The resulting algorithm, although computationally more complex than certain other equalizer algorithms (including the fast Kalman algorithm), has a number of desirable features which should prove useful in many applications.     

Adaptive bit rate maximizing time-domain equalizer design for DMT-based systems

The classical discrete multitone receiver as used in, e.g., digital subscriber line (DSL) modems, combines a channel shortening time-domain equalizer (TEQ) with one-tap frequency-domain equalizers (FEQs). In a previous paper, the authors proposed a nonlinear bit rate maximizing (BM) TEQ design criterion and they have shown that the resulting BM-TEQ and the closely related BM per-group equalizers (PGEQs) approach the performance of the so-called per-tone equalizer (PTEQ). The PTEQ is an attractive alternative that provides a separate complex-valued equalizer for each active tone. In this paper, the authors show that the BM-TEQ and BM-PGEQ, despite their nonlinear cost criterion, can be designed adaptively, based on a recursive Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. This adaptive BM-TEQ/BM-PGEQ makes use of the same second-order statistics as the earlier presented recursive least-squares (RLS)-based adaptive PTEQ. A complete range of adaptive BM equalizers then opens up: the RLS-based adaptive PTEQ design is computationally efficient but involves a large number of equalizer taps; the adaptive BM-TEQ has a minimal number of equalizer taps at the expense of a larger design complexity; the adaptive BM-PGEQ has a similar design complexity as the BM-TEQ and an intermediate number of equalizer taps between the BM-TEQ and the PTEQ. These adaptive equalizers allow us to track variations of transmission channel and noise, which are typical of a DSL environment.