高职院校评建资源共享模式的研究与实现

对高职院校评建资源共享的模式进行了研究，通过分析和实践得出了有效资源共享模式应具备的条件，借鉴网站运营模式，提出了基于评建网站的信息化资源共享模式，该模式充分调动了师生在评建资源共享方面的积极性，满足了评估专家对评建资料的掌握和获取，在评估资源信息化共享方面提供了一定的研究价值。     

一种有于自动视频分段的WIPE转换检测和模式识别方法

自动视频分段是视频分类，组织和索引的基本步骤，其目标是检测和识别出各种镜头转换边界，划变（Wipe)被认为是其中最难以检测和识别的镜头转换模式，提出了一种新的基于模式模板的Wipe转换区检测和模式识别方法，在该方法中，首先提出了一种模式模板的概念用于对各种Wipe转换建立模式板板库，然后在模式模板库的基础上设计了一个通用的匹配算法，最后，通过对匹配结果进行Hough变换，使得在存在相当大的运动干扰情况下，仍然精确检测转换区位置和识别转换模式，具有很好的鲁棒性，该方法解决了对目前存在的各种杂的奇异Wipe转换模式的检测和识别问题，对以后出现的Wipe转换模式同样适用，为此类问题的解决提供了一种新的思路。     

模式矩阵的理论研究Ⅰ：基本概念

本文在文献［２］、［３］的基础上，给出了模式矩阵的定义，分析并给出了模式矩阵的固有性质，特别对同类标准型详细讨论了它的分类，并讨论了各类的结构特征，为模式矩阵的理论研究提供了基础。     

任天堂全明星大战斗X

游戏已经发售了相当长一段时间了，想必很多朋友已经将原创的冒险模式通关了吧？总得来说，这款游戏的耐玩度是相当高的，就算平时没有伙伴与自己一同进行对战，内容丰富的单人模式也足够钻研好一段时间了。这不，小炎最近就一直专注于挑战竞技场模式中的无限时车轮战。个人觉得这个模式比专门的练习模式更加有助于水平的提高。反复挑战这个模式，自己的反映速度和对角色的控制把握都会有明显的提高。     

多策略机器翻译系统IHSMTS中模式库的设计

本文介绍了语料库研究的一些特点，并以交互式多策略的思想为背景，对IHSMTS系统CBMT翻译引擎中模式库的设计思想，并对模式的表示，模式库的组织进行了阐述，方便了模式库检索，添加等操作的实现。同时介绍了近似模式匹配算法，从句法功能相似的角度抽取出所比较事例的功能词和句法特征，作为检索模式库和相似度计算的依据。最后介绍了模式库知识获取和知识精练的过程。     

带时间特征的序列模式挖掘算法TESP

引入序列模式时间特征的概念，并提出了一个带时间约束的序列模式挖掘算法，称做TESP(Time-enriched Sequential Pattern mining)，该算法在找出模式的同时，也给出了序列模式的时间特征，并且允许用户在挖掘之前对模式的这些时间特征进行限制，提高了序列模式挖掘的灵活性和有用性。     

遗传算法染色体模式的收敛性和熵判据

该文对遗传算法迭代过程染色体模式和信息结构作了研究。提出了基于种群染色体模式与最优染色体模式距离状态空间的概念，并给出其概率分布定义和状态信息熵。证明了算法迭代过程的收敛性与模式距离状态熵的关系，得到算法收敛性的熵判据。熵判据基于统计特征值，在实际应用上具有可操作性，最后对算例进行了验证。     

时序模式的一种神经网络分类方法

时序模式是指其特征空间分布在时间轴上的一种模式，如语音信号，雷达信号等，文中提出了一种改进的递归神经网方法－时间标签递归神经网方法，以此来对时序模式进行分类，克服了传统方法的缺点，取得了较好的分类效果，初步的实验结果不仅证明了时间标签递归神经网方法对时序模式的很好的分类能力，而且证明了时间标签对于时序模式分类的重要性。     

IHSMTS中实例模式获取机制的设计与实现

IHSMTS是一种交互式多策略机器翻译系统。给出了该系统中模式知识获取机制的设计和实现方法，在这种模式知识获取机制中有机地结合了多种知识获取方式，包括：人机交互方式、基于机器翻译的源译文对照信息的自动获取、模式精炼方式和基于先验双语语料对齐的批量方式等，并通过模式验证算法实现对冗余、冲突等的检查，从而保证加入到模式库中的模式知识的单调递增生，同时实现模式适应性和准确性的平衡，使系统能够对实例模式库进行动态添加完善，从而动态递增地改善翻译效果。     

试析Photoshop中的颜色混合模式

BlendMode混合模式是Photoshop中一个非常重要的概念，它决定了任何对像素的进行编辑的混合方式使用。本文分析了Photoshop中混合模式的基本原理和功能，介绍了混合模式的分组情况，重点叙述了常用混合模式的作用原理和它们的应用范围。     

玉米叶面积指数与高光谱植被指数关系研究

探讨以不同的植被指数建立的高光谱模型对玉米叶面积指数LAI的反演精度。实测不同水肥耦合作用下，玉米冠层的高光谱反射率与叶面积指数（Leaf Area Index）数据，采用高光谱红光波段（631~760 nm）与近红外波段（760~1 074 nm）逐波段构建NDVI、RVI、DVI、TSAVI、PVI植被指数，分别找出与LAI具有最佳相关性波段组合的植被指数，建立玉米LAI估算模型。结果显示，与LAI具有佳相关性的波段组合分别是NDVI（R760，R990）、RVI（R760，R1001）、DVI（R677，R1070）、TSAVI（R 760，R 975）、PVI（R658，R966），它们反演玉米LAI的确定性系数分别：R²>0.72、R²>0.74、R²＝0.95、R²>0.79、R²>0.95。结果表明，在玉米的整个生长季的47个样本中，通过PVI和DVI方式建立的遥感估算模型能够较为准确地估算玉米LAI，TSAVI次之，NDVI、RVI稍差。     

双层植被结构冠层光谱特性的理论模拟

利用双层冠层反射率模型ACRM，模拟不同叶面积指数LAI、含水量Cw和结构参数N下，波长是820nm和1600nm冠层反射率的角度分布。结果说明，该模型能准确模拟出“热点”效应 |冠层反射率角度分布对LAI的敏感性小于LAI和Cw以及LAI和N的共同作用。其中LAI和Cw共同作用对波长1 600 nm反射率角度分布的影响非常显著，而LAI和N的共同作用在820 nm略微大于1 600 nm。另外，提取冠层含水量的土壤可调节水分指数SAWI受冠层结构的影响也较大。今后在模型选取中应该更好的考虑冠层结构影响。     

Inversion of vegetation canopy reflectance models for estimating agronomic variables. V. Estimation of leaf area index and average leaf angle using measured canopy reflectances

The technique described earlier (Goel and Thompson, 1984b) for estimating agronomic parameters from bidirectional crop reflectance data is applied to a fully covered soybean canopy, using data measured in the field. This technique employs the inversion of a canopy reflectance model. It is shown that using the SAIL model one can estimate leaf area index (LAI) as well as average leaf angle (ALA) quite well, provided that the other canopy parameters (leaf reflectance and transmittance, soil reflectance, and fraction of diffused skylight) are known. Some suggestions are made for improving the SAIL model. This should improve the accuracy of estimation of not only LAI and ALA but should also allow the estimation of the complete leaf angle distribution.     

Spectral response of architecturally different wheat canopies

The spectral response of two architecturally different spring wheat canopies having similar single leaf reflectance, green leaf area index (GLAI), and total dry phytomass, was measured throughout a growing season. Experimental results and supporting model calculations showed that the more planophile canopy had a higher spectral reflectance (measured at nadir) than the erectophile canopy. During the period of peak GLAI, the ratio of near-infrared to red reflectances (IR/red) for the erectophile canopy was about 30% higher than for the planophile canopy. The perpendicular vegetation index (PVI), however, was about 30% higher for the planophile canopy than for the erectophile canopy. When ground measured reflectances were transformed to radiances exiting the top of either a clear or a turbid atmosphere, the differences between the erectophile and the planophile canopies remained for the PVI but were obscured for the IR/red ratio. The results demonstrate the importance of architectural effects on the spectral response of canopies, and the interpretation of that response for estimating GLAI and dry phytomass by use of vegetation indices.     

基于宽波段和窄波段植被指数的草地LAI反演对比研究

叶面积指数是一个重要的植被生理生态参数,为探讨不同植被指数反演叶面积指数的可行性,基于同空间分辨率不同光谱分辨率的HJ\|1B CCD1和Hyperion遥感影像数据,以内蒙古自治区赤峰市克斯克腾旗贡格尔草原为研究对象,选取几种常见宽波段植被指数和高光谱窄波段植被指数并结合4种常用回归模型,比较分析了不同植被指数反演叶面积指数的精度。结果表明:对于全部植被指数而言,PVI、MSAVI等综合考虑了土壤、环境等因素的植被指数较传统植被指数NDVI、RVI反演草地LAI精度更高。通过对比发现,在反演草地LAI方面,窄波段植被指数比宽波段植被指数表现出明显的优势。其中,窄波段垂直植被指数PVI验证模型的确定性系数R²为0.65,均方根误差RMSE为0.15,说明实测LAI和模拟LAI值之间具有较好的变化一致性。最后基于Hyperion影像和窄波段垂直植被指数PVI的估算模型生成研究区叶面积指数空间分布图。     

Sun-view angle effects on reflectance factors of corn canopies

The bidirectional reflectance characteristics of vegetation canopies vary with time of day and through the growing season. In this study the effects of sun and view angles on bidirectional reflectance factors from corn (Zea mays L.) canopies ranging in development from the six leaf stage to harvest maturity were examined. For nadir-acquired reflectance factors there was a strong solar angle dependence in all spectral bands for canopies with low leaf area index (LAI). A decrease in contrast between bare soil and vegetation due to shadows at larger solar zenith angles appeared to be the cause of this dependence. Sun angle dependence was least for well-developed canopies with higher LAI. However, for higher LAI canopies a moderate increase in reflectance factor was observed at larger solar zenith angles and was attributed to the presence of specular reflectance. Trends of off-nadir reflectance factors with respect to sun angle at different view azimuth angles indicated that the position of the sensor relative to the sun was an important factor for determining the angular reflectance characteristics of corn canopies. Reflectance factors were maximized for coincident sun and view angles and minimized when the sensor view direction was towards the sun. View direction relative to row orientation also contributed to the variation in reflectance factors.     

Retrieval of crop canopy properties: a comparison between model inversion from hyperspectral data and image classification

The aim of this work was to investigate different approaches for the estimation of canopy structure properties from multiangular measurements at the field scale. Hyperspectral multiangular data were acquired on potato canopies using a spectroradiometer (GER-1500) and corresponding multiangular images using the VIFIS (Variable Interference Filter Imaging Spectrometer). The data obtained using the spectroradiometer were employed in the inversion of the PROSAIL model. The images obtained from the VIFIS were classified into the component image fractions: shaded and sunlit leaves and soil. These classification results were then used directly in the inversion of a simple ray-tracing canopy model. The inversion technique was based on a look-up table approach using a simple ray-tracing model of a plant canopy. Field sampling was carried out for the direct measurement of leaf area index (LAI) and other canopy properties. The experimental error in the data of both sensors was large since the canopy appeared non-homogeneous at the measurement height used, mainly because of the crop row structure. However LAI values retrieved from both approaches were realistic and allowed the discrimination of potato canopies that had received different nitrogen fertilization treatments. The relative merits and practicalities of the two approaches (multiangular hyperspectral reflectance versus image classification) are discussed.     

A method to account for shoot scale clumping in coniferous canopy reflectance models

The three-dimensional structure of a coniferous shoot gives rise to multiple scattering of light between the needles of the shoot, causing the shoot spectral reflectance to differ from that of a flat leaf. Forest reflectance models based on the radiative transfer equation handle shoot level clumping by correcting the radiation attenuation coefficient with a clumping index. The clumping index causes a reduction in the interception of radiation by the canopy at a fixed leaf area index (LAI). In this study, we show how within-shoot multiple scattering is related to shoot scale clumping and derive a similar, but wavelength dependent, correction to the scattering coefficient. The results provide a method for integrating shoot structure into current radiative transfer equation based forest reflectance models. The method was applied to explore the effect of shoot scale clumping on canopy spectral reflectance using simple model canopies with a homogeneous higher level structure. The clumping of needles into shoots caused a wavelength dependent reduction in canopy reflectance, as compared to that of a leaf canopy with similar interception. This is proposed to be one reason why coniferous and broad-leaved canopies occupy different regions in the spectral space and exhibit different dependency of spectral vegetation indices on LAI.     

Spectral estimation of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation in corn canopies

Most models of crop growth and yield require an estimate of canopy leaf area index or absorption of radiation; however, direct measurement of LAI or light absorption can be tedious and time-consuming. The object of this study was to develop relationships between photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) absorbed by corn (Zea mays L.) canopies and the spectral reflectance of the canopies. Absorption of PAR was measured near solar noon in corn canopies planted in north-south rows at densities of 50,000 and 100,000 plants ha.^?1 Reflectance factor data were acquired with a radiometer with spectral bands similar to the Landsat MSS. Three spectral vegetation indices (ratio of near infrared to red reflectance, normalized difference, and greenness) were associated with more than 95% of the variability in absorbed PAR from planting to silking. The relationships developed between absorbed PAR and the three indices were tested with reflectance factor data acquired from corn canopies planted in 1979–1982 that excluded those canopies from which the equations were developed. Treatments included in these data were two hybrids, four planting densities (25, 50, 75, and 100 thousand plantsha^?1), three soil types (Typic Argiaquoll, Udollic Ochraqualf, and Aeric Ochraqualf), and several planting dates. Seasonal cumulations of measured LAI and each of the three indices were associated with greater than 50% of the variation in final grain yields from the test years. Seasonal cumulations of daily absorbed PAR, estimated indirectly from the multispectral reflectance of the canopies, were associated with up to 73% of the variation in final grain yields. Absorbed PAR, cumulated through the growing season, is a better indicator of yield than cumulated leaf area index.     

Hyperspectral indices and model simulation for chlorophyll estimation in open-canopy tree crops

An investigation of the estimation of leaf biochemistry in open tree crop canopies using high-spatial hyperspectral remote sensing imagery is presented. Hyperspectral optical indices related to leaf chlorophyll content were used to test different radiative transfer modelling assumptions in open canopies where crown, soil and shadow components were separately targeted using 1 m spatial resolution ROSIS hyperspectral imagery. Methods for scaling-up of hyperspectral single-ratio indices such as R₇₅₀/R₇₁₀ and combined indices such as MCARI, TCARI and OSAVI were studied to investigate the effects of scene components on indices calculated from pure crown pixels and from aggregated soil, shadow and crown reflectance. Methods were tested on 1-m resolution hyperspectral ROSIS datasets acquired over two olive groves in southern Spain during the HySens 2002 campaign conducted by the German Aerospace Center (DLR). Leaf-level biochemical estimation using 1-m ROSIS data when targeting pure olive tree crowns employed PROSPECT-SAILH radiative transfer simulation. At lower spatial resolution, therefore with significant effects of soil and shadow scene components on the aggregated pixels, a canopy model to account for such scene components had to be used for a more appropriate estimation approach for leaf biochemical concentration. The linked models PROSPECT-SAILH-FLIM improved the estimates of chlorophyll concentration from these open tree canopies, demonstrating that crown-derived relationships between hyperspectral indices and biochemical constituents cannot be readily applied to hyperspectral imagery of lower spatial resolutions due to large soil and shadow effects. Predictive equations built on a MCARI/OSAVI scaled-up index through radiative transfer simulation minimized soil background variations in these open canopies, demonstrating superior performance compared to other single-ratio indices previously shown as good indicators of chlorophyll concentration in closed canopies. The MCARI/OSAVI index was demonstrated to be less affected than TCARI/OSAVI by soil background variations when calculated from the pure crown component even at the typically low LAI orchard and grove canopies.