神经内科低分子肝素钙在脑梗死溶栓中的应用

目的探讨急性脑梗死溶栓前、后使用低分子肝素的疗效差异。方法治疗组溶栓前开始皮下注射低分子肝素钙5000U,每日2次,首剂应用低分子肝素钙后给予尿激酶100万U,30min内滴完;对照组:尿激酶与低分子肝素钙用量同治疗组,但低分子肝素钙在尿激酶静滴后12h开始应用。结果治疗组30例中21例血管再通,再通率77.19%;对照组31例中14例再通,再通率60.32%,两组血管再通率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。两组的出血发生率差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论急性脑梗死溶栓前应用低分子肝素较常规用法有较高的血管再通率。     

急性脑梗死早期静脉溶栓治疗的疗效观察

目的探讨尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗急性脑梗死早期的疗效及安全性。方法溶栓组,尿激酶100万U加入0.9%生理盐水100mL内于30min内滴入,对照组除不用尿激酶外,其他治疗同溶栓组,均给予控制脑水肿,改善微循环,脑保护剂、抗血小板凝聚等治疗。结果溶栓组与对照组比较疗效有显著性意义(P<0.01)。结论急性脑梗死早期应用尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗,安全有效,能明显提高治愈率。     

溶栓治疗大鼠急性脑梗死的实验研究

目的采用大鼠大脑中动脉梗死(MCAO)模型,评价不同时间窗尿激酶溶栓疗法疗效的差异。方法自体血栓法制作大鼠MCAO模型,90只大鼠随机分为6组。在栓塞后2h、4h、6h分别给予尿激酶及生理盐水。在溶栓前后2h、4h、6h各时点分别记录神经功能评分,TTC染色,计算梗死体积,光镜观察。结果神经功能评分,仅2h治疗组有显著性差异;脑梗死体积,2h和4h治疗组有显著性差异;光镜发现2h治疗组病理改变较轻。结论脑梗死后2h尿激酶治疗可减小梗死体积、改善神经功能。光镜观察发现病理改变最轻。     

小剂量尿激酶治疗具有溶栓相对禁忌证的肺栓塞患者的临床观察

目的探讨小剂量尿激酶溶栓治疗对具有溶栓相对禁忌证的急性肺栓塞患者的疗效及安全性。方法将具有溶栓相对禁忌证、病情危重的39例肺栓塞患者,每日1次用小剂量尿激酶(50万IU)2h溶栓治疗,连用3～7d。同时监测血凝,每次于溶后2h根据APTT值开始肝素抗凝。观察其疗效及并发症。结果溶栓过程中均未见有大出血。39例中,死亡6例(3例死于顽固性低氧血症,3例死于原发病),其余33例患者症状明显改善。结论具有溶栓相对禁忌证的肺栓塞患者,用小剂量尿激酶溶栓治疗,具有良好的临床疗效及安全性。     

56例老年急性心肌梗死尿激酶溶栓治疗的护理

目的观察尿激酶溶栓治疗老年急性心肌梗死的疗效及护理措施。方法56例老年急性心肌梗死患者入院后给予尿激酶100万～150万U加入生理盐水100mL,静脉滴注,30min内滴完。溶栓12h后,根据情况给予低分子肝素钙0.4mL,皮下注射,每日2次,连用5～7d。治疗期间密切观察病情并加强护理。结果56例中血管再通39例,再通率69.64%。其中发病2h内溶栓13例,再通13例(100%);2～6h内溶栓29例,再通20例(68.97%);6～12h内溶栓14例,再通6例(42.86%);死亡6例,死亡率10.71%。结论尿激酶溶栓治疗老年急性心肌梗死安全有效,加强护理可提高疗效。     

急性缺血性脑卒中静脉溶栓临床观察与探讨

目的评价急性缺血性脑卒中发病3h内行静脉溶栓的疗效及安全性。方法将61例急性缺血性脑卒中患者分为溶栓组31例,对照组30例,予以低分子肝素。按改良爱丁堡斯堪的那维亚评分标准(CSS),分别于治疗前及治疗后6h、24h、3d、7d及14d记录患者神经功能缺损,并于治疗后1个月及3个月随访患者日常生活能力(ADL量表)。结果溶栓治疗组神经功能改善明显优于对照组(P<0.01),出血并发症无明显增加(P>0.05)。结论 Rt-PA用于急性缺血性脑卒中超早期(3h)治疗疗效肯定,安全性相对较高。     

急性脑梗死患者时间窗外静脉尿激酶溶栓过程中D-二聚体的动态变化及临床意义

目的探讨急性脑梗死时间窗外尿激酶静脉溶栓治疗过程中D-二聚体的动态变化及临床意义。方法选择220例急性脑梗死患者,随机分为溶栓组(120例)和对照组(100例)。观察两组治疗前、治疗后1周、2周及3周后D-二聚体的动态变化。结果溶栓组治疗前D-二聚体阳性率与对照组无明显差异,但治疗后1周、2周、3周D-二聚体阳性率两组相比有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论D-二聚体检测结果阳性有助于早期诊断急性脑梗死;对其动态观察表明溶栓治疗疗效优于对照组;亦可用于脑梗死治疗的疗程监测。     

下肢动脉血栓介入溶栓的疗效观察

目的评价介入溶栓治疗下肢动脉血栓的临床疗效。方法32例下肢动脉血栓患者,经导管行动脉内灌注尿激酶溶栓治疗,观察肢体血管通畅情况。结果32例患者24h内溶栓完全通畅19例,48h内完全通畅8例,超过48h部分通畅5例,病人临床症状均明显改善,疼痛明显减轻或消失。结论经导管下肢动脉内溶栓疗效肯定,是治疗下肢动脉血栓的有效方法。     

颈内动脉穿刺结合静脉溶栓治疗颈内动脉系统脑梗死的疗效分析

目的探讨颈内动脉穿刺加压注射尿激酶结合静脉输滴尿激酶,加强容栓治疗急性颈内动脉系统脑梗死的疗效与年龄、时间窗以及经济评估。方法对26例急性颈内动脉系统脑梗死患者进行颈内动脉穿刺加压注射尿激酶容栓治疗,平均年龄在70岁以下(含70岁),观察其临床效果。结果26例患者预后好的21例(80.8%),年龄66岁以下者19例(90.5%);预后差者5例(19.2%),67岁以上者3例(60%),其中颅内出血者1例(3.8%),15例于发病6h以内接受治疗:治疗效果好者13例(86.7%),2例(13.3%)疗效差;年龄为70岁;11例在6～12h开始治疗:治疗效果好者6例(54.5%),5例(45.5%)疗效差,其中1例出现梗死后出血。结论颈内动脉结合静脉溶栓可以巩固溶栓效果,是一种比较安全有效的治疗方法,可以提高血管再通率,改善脑梗死患者的预后。但须严格掌握适应证,对年龄66岁以上,发病时间在6h以上的患者以不进行颈内动脉加压注射尿激酶及静脉溶栓为宜。     

重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓早期治疗急性脑梗死的疗效

目的观察重组组织纤溶酶原激活剂(rt-PA)静脉溶栓早期治疗急性脑梗死的临床效果和安全性。方法入选的80例急性脑梗死患者随机分为2组,对照组40例给予低分子右旋糖酐、复方丹参注射液、脑细胞活化剂、钙通道阻滞剂、肠溶阿司匹林及甘露醇常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上给予rt-PA0.9mg/kg(最大剂量为90mg),先于2min内静注10%,余量60min内静滴[1]。治疗时间为2周。比较2组溶栓前、后神经功能缺损积分(NIHSS)、评价溶栓治疗有效性及安全性。结果溶栓治疗后NIHSS评分明显改善,总有效率为:97.5%,溶栓后合并非症状性脑出血1例,牙龈出血5例。对照组总有效率为82.5%,牙龈出血3例。结论急性脑梗死发病4.5h时间内给予rt-PA(0.9mg/kg)静脉溶栓治疗安全有效。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。