镓对PtSnNa/ZSM-5催化剂丙烷脱氢反应性能的影响

PtSnNaGa/ZSM-5 catalysts with different contents of Ga were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, hydrogen chemisorption, ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), and temperature-programmed oxidation (TPO) techniques. The performances of these catalysts for propane dehydrogenation were investigated. The test results indicated that the addition of Ga not only could improve the catalytic stability and propene selectivity, but also could effectively prevent the catalysts from coking. It was found that the PtSnNaGa(0.5 m%)/ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited the best performance in terms of propene selectivity and propane conversion. The high catalytic performance was most probably attributed to the presence of Ga that could strength- en the interaction between metals and the support to stabilize the catalytic active sites.     

浸渍顺序对PtSnNa/ZSM-5催化剂丙烷脱氢性能的影响

The effects of the sequence for impregnation of metal precursors on the performance of PtSnNa/ZSM-5 catalyst for propane dehydrogenation to propene were studied in this paper. Some methods such as XRD, TPDA, BET, H2-TPR, XPS, ICP, TEM and hydrogen chemisorption were used to characterize the catalysts. The structure of ZSM-5 zeolite was not destroyed by the introduction of metal components. Meanwhile the different impregnation sequence of metal precursors could affect the behavior of Sn4＋ species entering the ZSM-5 channel, and the interaction between platinum and tin species, as well as the degree for reduction of Pt and Sn components. As a result, the prepared catalysts exhibited different reac- tion activity and selectivity. Compared with the co-impregnation treated catalyst, the catalysts prepared by the sequential impregnation method showed better catalytic activity in propane dehydrogenation, especially the one prepared through impregnation with tin precursor at first. Finally, a model for the effect of impregnation sequence on the distribution of Pt and Sn species in PtSnNa/ZSM-5 catalyst was proposed.     

Propane Dehydrogenation on PtSnNa/AlSBA-15 Catalyst:Influence of Tin as a Promoter

PtSnNa/AlSBA-15 catalysts with different amounts of Sn were prepared for propane dehydrogenation.The catalysts were characterized by XRF,BET,H2 chemisorption,NH3-TPD,H2-TPR,and TPO techniques.Test results indicated that the presence of tin not only modified the acid function and the interfacial character between metal and support,but also reduced the coke deposition effectively.Among these catalysts investigated thereby,the PtSn(0.7%)Na/AlSBA-15 catalyst had the best catalytic performance in terms of propane conversion and stability.With the continuous addition of Sn,more amounts of Sn0 species appeared,which was unfavorable to the reaction.The PtSn(0.7%)Na/AlSBA-15 catalyst was parametrically characterized in order to obtain necessary information to integrate the process operating conditions.A weight hourly space velocity of 3 h-1,a reaction temperature of 610 ℃ and a H2/C3H8 molar ratio of 0.25 were found to be optimum conditions for achieving a higher dehydrogenation activity of the catalyst.     

Cu/ZSM-5催化剂的表征及其环己醇脱氢性能

以制备的ZSM-5分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列Cu负载量不同的Cu/ZSM-5催化剂。采用X射线衍射、氢气程序升温还原、吸附氨气程序升温脱附和BET等方法对Cu/ZSM-5催化剂进行了表征,用H2-N2O滴定法测定了Cu金属的比表面积和分散度。以环己醇气相脱氢制备环己酮为探针反应对Cu/ZSM-5催化剂的催化性能进行了评价。实验结果表明,Cu负载量影响Cu物种在载体表面的状态和分布,Cu是环己醇脱氢反应的活性中心,其比表面积、分散度与Cu/ZSM-5催化剂的活性相关,Cu/ZSM-5催化剂的B酸中心与环己醇脱氢反应的选择性相关。Cu质量分数5%的Cu/ZSM-5催化剂上Cu金属的比表面积较大而B酸中心较少,显示出很高的环己醇转化率(58.7%)和较好的环己酮选择性(97.2%)。     

以碱液处理ZSM-5分子筛为载体的Pt-Sn-Na丙烷脱氢制丙烯催化剂

通过碱液处理使ZSM-5分子筛产生介孔结构,随后以其为载体,制备了丙烷脱氢制丙烯催化剂。采用N2-物理吸附法考察了碱液处理后分子筛孔结构的变化,使用NH3-程序升温脱附、H2-程序升温还原、O2-程序升温氧化对催化剂性能进行了评价。结果表明,碱液处理后,ZSM-5分子筛的外比表面积和总孔容增加,有利于催化剂活性中心Pt的分散和烃类分子的扩散和脱附;同时,分子筛的强酸中心明显减弱,提高了催化剂的抗积炭能力。反应7 h后,采用Pt-Sn-Na/ZP催化剂（未经碱液处理）丙烷转化率由31.2%降至28.6%,Pt-Sn-Na/ZA催化剂（碱液处理）则由32.0%降至29.6%,说明后者的脱氢活性较前者高。此外,与前者相比,后者的Pt分散度高,失活率和积炭质量分数低,表明后者的脱氢反应稳定性好。     

V2O5／MPO4在丙烷氧化脱氢中的催化作用

Supported V₂O₅／MPO₄（M＝Al,Zr,Ca） catalysts are found effective in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane．For 3％ V₂O₅／Ca₄（PO₄）₂ catalyst,propene selectivity reaches 55.9％ at a propane conversion of 17.0％ and the propene yield is 9.5％．The 3％ V₂O₅／Ca₃（PO₄）₂ catalyst shows better catalytic behavior at higher temperature and higher space velocity,while 3％ V₂O₅／Zr₃（PO₄）₄ catalyst shows better catalytic behavior at lower temperature and lower space velocity．The order of decreasing selectivity of propene is 3％ V₂O₅／Ca₃^.（PO₄）₂＞3％V₂O₅／Zr₃（PO₄）₄＞3％ V₂O₅／ZrPO₄＞3％ V₂O₅／AlPO₄ at the same propane conversion．The difference is related to the different acid-base properties of the catalysts．     

Zn/ZSM-5分子筛晶粒大小和预处理条件对丙烷芳构化性能的影响

在常压连续流动固定床反应器上,以Ｚｎ／ＨＺＳＭ － ５ 为催化剂,考察了分子筛晶粒大小、焙烧温度、水热处理温度和正硅酸乙酯改性对丙烷芳构化转化率、芳烃收率以及产物分布的影响。用吡啶吸附红外光谱表征了分子筛的表面酸性和酸强度（Ｂ 酸和Ｌ 酸） ,并与反应结果进行关联,得出了一系列有意义的结果。     

长期高温水热处理对ZSM-5分子筛催化剂性能的影响

制备了ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,将初始催化剂(Cat-0)先在700℃下水热处理4 h获得催化剂Cat-4,再于600℃下继续进行不同时间的水热处理,处理300 h获得的催化剂为Cat-300;采用NH3-TPD和27Al MAS NMR方法对经不同时间水热处理的催化剂进行表征,考察了Cat-4和Cat-300裂解石脑油的性能,以考察长期处于高温水热条件下ZSM-5分子筛催化剂性能的变化。实验结果表明,Cat-4的NH3-TPD酸量比Cat-0降低约70%,骨架铝含量从16.9%降至11.7%,非骨架铝含量从0.4%增至5.5%;Cat-300的酸量与Cat-4相比变化不明显,Cat-300的骨架铝含量比Cat-0降低62%,但骨架铝和非骨架铝含量之和基本不变;Cat-4和Cat-300裂解石脑油时,二者的裂解能力接近。长期处于高温水热条件下,ZSM-5分子筛的骨架结构虽然有所变化,但对其裂解石脑油能力的影响不大。     

Mg对Mo/ZSM-5中Mo物种及甲烷芳构化性能的影响

研究Mg元素的添加对Mo/ZSM-5中Mo物种及甲烷芳构化性能的影响.H2-TPR测试表明,Mg的添加降低了Mo物种的还原性能;甲烷芳构化反应测试结果表明,适量Mg元素的添加可以延长催化剂的稳定性;TG-TPO测试表明Mg的添加,不仅影响了与Mo物种相关联积碳的性质,而且抑制了高温氧化气氛下Mo物种的挥发.     

Zn-Pt/ZSM-5催化CO2辅助丙烷脱氢的密度泛函理论研究

通过密度泛函理论(DFT)计算研究了Zn-Pt/ZSM-5催化丙烷脱氢的反应机理,筛选出最优能量途径。研究发现丙烷在Zn-Lewis和Pt-Lewis酸位点上具有不同的反应路径和限速步骤。Bader电荷计算结果表明,丙烷分子吸附后,[Zn-O-Pt]²⁺活性位点中Pt上的电子密度增加,有利于丙烷活化,Pt位点对H的吸引能力更强,导致Pt—H键断裂生成H₂需要克服较高能垒。Pt的引入改变了Zn/ZSM-5的电子性质,影响其催化剂性能。在反应体系中引入CO₂改变了丙烷脱氢反应路径,降低了限速步骤能垒,促进反应正向进行。     

分子筛载体对Pt-Sn-Na三组分丙烷脱氢催化剂性能的影响

采用等体积分步浸渍法,分别以不同n(SiO_2):n(Al_2O_3)的ZSM-5和β分子筛以及以一定比例机械混合的ZSM-5和β分子筛为载体,制备负载型Pt-Sn-Na三组分丙烷脱氢催化剂,在固定床微型反应装置上对制备的催化剂进行了丙烷脱氢性能评价,并采用NH_3-TPD方法对催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,以n(SiO_2):n(Al_2O_3)=100的ZSM-5分子筛和n(SiO_2):n(Al_2O_3)=80的β分子筛进行机械混合得到的混合分子筛为载体,制备的Pt-Sn-Na/ZSM-5-β催化剂的丙烷脱氢性能较好,在n(H_2):n(C_3H_8)=1:1、C_3H_8的重时空速2 h~(-1)、反应压力0.1 MPa、反应温度600℃的条件下,丙烷转化率约为28.0%,丙烯选择性大于等于98.6%。     

Effect of Morphological Structure of PtSnNa/ZSM-5 on Its Catalytic Performance in Propane Dehydrogenation

The ZSM-5 zeolite with flower-shaped crystallites(marked as ZFS) was synthesized through the hydrothermal preparation method. The properties of ZFS as a supporting material have been investigated in comparison with the traditional ZSM-5 zeolite. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, N_2 adsorption-desorption, TEM, NH_3-TPD, XRF, and XPS techniques. The results showed that the formation of the flower-shaped crystallites directly influenced the physicochemical properties of ZFS material. In ZFS, the pore structure was changed, the acid content was decreased, and the surface properties were promoted. Besides, in the PtSnNa/ZFS catalyst, the amount of oxidized Sn species was remarkably increased and the dispersion of Pt was relatively improved. Meanwhile, due to these modifications, the capacity of the catalyst supported on ZFS to accommodate coke was greatly improved and the coke deposits on PtSnNa/ZFS were migrated from active metals to the support. Furthermore, as expected, the catalytic performance of the PtSnNa/ZFS catalyst for propane dehydrogenation to propylene and the stability of catalyst were significantly improved.     

浸渍溶剂对Pt-Sn/SBA-15催化剂丙烷脱氢性能的影响

以乙醇和水为溶剂配制相应活性组分盐溶液作为浸渍液,研究了不同条件下制备的Pt-Sn/SBA-15催化剂用于丙烷脱氢时的催化性能;采用XRD、BET、TEM和CO脉冲吸附等方法对载体和催化剂进行了表征。实验结果表明,浸渍溶剂对Pt-Sn/SBA-15催化剂性能的影响显著,以氯化亚锡水溶液浸渍Sn、以氯铂酸水溶液浸渍Pt的催化剂性能最好。Sn浸渍液的溶剂对催化剂结构影响不明显,而Pt浸渍液的溶剂不同时催化剂的Pt分散度有显著差异。在水溶液中,氯铂酸可电离成氢阳离子和氯铂酸根阴离子,离子在水中分散存在;而在乙醇溶液中,由于乙醇极性比水差,氯铂酸不电离形成离子,仍以分子形式存在并容易团聚,从而导致氯铂酸水溶液和乙醇溶液浸渍后的Pt-Sn/SBA-15催化剂的Pt分散度有较大差异。     

Effect of Strontium Addition to Platinum Catalyst for Propane Dehydrogenation

PtSnSr/HZSM-5 catalysts with different amounts of strontium were prepared by sequential impregnation method,and characterized by BET analysis,TEM,NH3-TPD,H2-TPR,TPO and TG techniques.The results showed that the addition of strontium could modify the characteristics and properties of both acid function and metal function of Pt-Sn-based catalysts.In this case,PtSnSr/HZSM-5 catalyst with an appropriate amount of Sr(1.2%) showed higher catalytic activity and lower amount of coke deposits than PtSn/HZSM-5 catalyst.However,excessive loading of Sr could facilitate the reduction of Sn,which was unfavorable to the reaction.Afterwards,1.0 m% of Na was added into the PtSnSr(1.2%)/HZSM-5 catalyst to improve the catalytic performance in propane dehydrogenation,and this catalyst displayed the best catalytic performance during our experiments.After having been subjected to reaction for 5h,the PtSnNa(1.0%)Sr(1.2%)/HZSM-5 catalyst had achieved a higher than 95% selectivity towards propene along with a corresponding propane conversion rate of 32.2%.     

不同的制备方法对PtSnNa/AlSBA-15 催化剂在丙烷脱氢性能的影响

The present article compares the propane dehydrogenation performance of alumina binder-added PtSnNa/ AlSBA-15 catalysts prepared via three different procedures in comparison with the performance of a binder-free PtSnNa/AlSBA-15 catalyst. All these catalysts have been investigated by reaction tests and some physico-chemical characterizations such as BET, H2 chemisorption, catalytic grain crushing strength, NH3-TPD and TPO analyses. Test results showed that the addition of alumina binder could enhance the mechanical strength of catalyst evidently. Moreover, the different preparation procedures not only modified the characteristics of both acid and metal functions but also affected the coke deposition on the catalysts. Among these catalysts studied, the catalyst prepared by impregnation followed by the agglomeration of alumina binder had exhibited the highest catalytic activity and stability compared with other catalyst samples undergoing different preparation procedures. The possible reason may be attributed to the highest metallic dispersion and the strong interactions among Pt, Sn and the support.     

碱金属离子对PtSn/Al2O3催化剂丙烷脱氢活性的影响

用吡啶吸附－红外光谱和热重法研究了Li^ 、Na^ 、K^ 碱金属离子对负载型PtSn/Al2O3催化剂在丙烷脱氢中活性的影响。结果表明，碱金属离子对催化剂表面酸性有调变作用，提高了PtSn/Al2O3催化剂脱氢选择性，引入适量的Li^ 和Na^ 可减少催化剂的积碳量，改善催化剂的稳定性，提高丙烷转化率和丙烯收率；而引入K^ 可减少催化剂的积碳量，但丙烷转化率和丙烯收率大幅下降。