Flexible carbon nanotube--Cu2O hybrid electrodes for li-ion batteries

This study demonstrates the formation of a flexible and free-standing carbon nanotube-copper oxide-poly(vinylidene fluoride) (CNT-Cu(2) O-PVDF) nanocomposite and its application as an electrode-separator material for Li-ion batteries. Binder-free hybrid electrodes are obtained by conformally coating CNTs with Cu(2) O via electrodeposition and then embedding the resulting architecture into a porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) PVDF-HFP-SiO(2) polymer electrolyte membrane. The synergistic presence of high-capacity transition metal oxides and conductive CNTs results in twice the reversible areal capacity of 2.3 mAh cm(-2) as compared to 1.2 mAh cm(-2) for pure CNTs.     

锂离子电池碳纳米管负极材料储锂性能研究

将碳纳米管用于锂离子电池负极材料,用循环伏安及充放电实验研究了电极的性能.结果表明,碳纳米管用作锂离子电池负极,具有较高的储锂容量,首次放电容量达560mAh/g,但首次不可逆容量损失也大,高达430mAh/g.经过第1次充放电的容量损失后,随后各次的容量损失很小,碳纳米管的循环性能趋于稳定.     

电场诱导多壁碳纳米管有序排列对多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料性能的影响

采用交流（AC）电场诱导法制备了多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）均匀分散且定向有序排列的MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料。采用SEM、偏振拉曼光谱等研究了电场强度、MWCNTs含量、加电时间及温度（黏度）等因素对MWCNTs定向排列的影响,讨论了MWCNTs有序排列对MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料电学和力学性能的影响。结果表明：MWCNTs沿电场方向有序排列;MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料施加AC电场后的拉曼强度明显高于未施加电场的情况;当MWCNTs含量从0wt%增加到0.025wt%时,MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料导电率从2.3×10^-12 S/cm增加到1.3×10^-8 S/cm,增加了约4个数量级;MWCNTs含量为2.5wt%时,MWCNTs/环氧树脂复合材料拉伸强度提高了26.3%。     

Biocompatibility of immobilized aligned carbon nanotubes

In vivo host responses to an electrode-like array of aligned carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) embedded within a biopolymer sheet are reported. This biocompatibility study assesses the suitability of immobilized carbon nanotubes for bionic devices. Inflammatory responses and foreign-body histiocytic reactions are not substantially elevated when compared to negative controls following 12 weeks implantation. A fibrous capsule isolates the implanted ACNTs from the surrounding muscle tissue. Filamentous nanotube fragments are engulfed by macrophages, and globular debris is incorporated into the fibrous capsule with no further reaction. Scattered leukocytes are observed, adherent to the ACNT surface. These data indicate that there is a minimal local foreign-body response to immobilized ACNTs, that detached fragments are phagocytosed into an inert material, and that ACNTs do not attract high levels of surface fouling. Collectively, these results suggest that immobilized nanotube structures should be considered for further investigation as bionic components.     

Aligned carbon nanotube sheets for the electrodes of organic solar cells

Aligned carbon nanotube sheets are developed as a new family of electrodes to fabricate dye-sensitized solar cells. The energy conversion efficiency of the resulting cell is higher than the randomly dispersed carbon nanotube film and comparable with the platinum. Novel and flexible solar cells can be easily made from such carbon nanotube sheets with high potentials.     

CuI-Si heterojunction solar cells with carbon nanotube films as flexible top-contact electrodes

We report the fabrication of CuI-Si heterojunction solar cells with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a transparent electrode. A flexible CNT network was transferred onto the top of a polycrystalline CuI layer, making a conformal coating with good contact with the underlying CuI. The solar cells showed power conversion efficiencies in the range of 6% to 10.5%, while the efficiency degradation was less than 10% after the device was stored in air for 8 days. Compared with conventional rigid electrodes such as indium tin oxide (ITO) glass, the flexibility of the CNT films ensures better contact with the active layers and removes the need for press-contact electrodes. Degraded cells can recover their original performance by acid doping of the CNT electrode. Our results suggest that CNT films are suitable electrical contacts for rough materials and structures with an uneven surface.      

定向碳纳米管/炭纳米复合材料形貌和显微结构

以CVD法定向碳纳米管(ACNTs)阵列为骨架,利用化学气相渗透(CVI)工艺制备了新型定向碳纳米管/炭(ACNT/C)纳米复合材料。通过偏光金相显微镜(PLM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和Raman光谱等分析方法对其显微结构和热解炭沉积机理进行了研究。结果表明:所制ACNT/C纳米复合材料的热解炭结构主要为类粗糙层结构,围绕碳纳米管生长的热解炭石墨层片结构清晰,并且碳纳米管和热解炭之间具有良好的界面结合;而在相同工艺条件下围绕炭纤维生长的热解炭为典型的光滑层结构。这可能是由于在热解炭沉积过程中存在碳纳米管"诱导"沉积过程,即沿着碳纳米管径向的离域化共轭π键和具有类似结构的芳香族大分子通过π-π非共价键作用相结合,并在CNTs纳米尺寸的影响下,芳香族大分子按照"软取向"(Softepitaxy)围绕碳纳米管生成环形层片状类石墨结构的热解炭。该研究结果有望为热解炭的可控沉积起到一定的借鉴作用。     

PMMA/Cu碳纳米管复合材料热学特性实验

CNT的准一维中空特性和优异的长径比让其成为优异的导热材料。利用酸化的多壁碳纳米管,分别采用原位聚合和粉末冶金的方法制备MWCNTs/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),MWCNTs/铜(Cu),以及MWCNTs/Cu/PMMA复合样品。实验结果表明,1.3%(质量分数)MWCNTs/PMMA和1.3%(质量分数)MWCNTs/1.3%(质量分数)Cu/PMMA相比纯PMMA的导热率分别提高8%和29.14%;2%(体积分数)MWCNTs/Cu相比纯Cu的导热率提高8.47%。利用SEM图观察到MWCNTs分散在基底中,并从Raman光谱得到MWCNTs的G带和D带峰。