Improvement and Analysis of Carrier-Interferometry Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing System

1IntroductionOrthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(OFDM) isknown to be with high spectrumefficiency and effectivein coping with such wireless channel i mpairments asmultipath fading and Inter-Symbol Interference(ISI)[1]. Moreover ,OFDMsystems have become prac-tical toi mplement using Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)techniques[2]thanks to advances in digital signal pro-cessing. Up to the present , OFDMhas been employedin several digital transmission systems , such as AD-SL[3], HIP…     

载波干涉OFDM系统的辨析

将载波干涉码引入OFDM系统,可以提高误码性能,并消除峰均功率比问题。该文从数学角度证明了载波干涉OFDM系统与现有的单载波频域均衡系统其实等同。     

ACE with frame interleaving scheme to reduce peak-to-average power ratio in OFDM systems

High peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is one of the major limitations to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. In an OFDM system, as the frame size increases, the PAPR probability performance will get worse. The so-called active constellation extension (ACE) algorithm has been proposed to effectively reduce the PAPR especially when the number of sub-carriers is large. To achieve low PAPR with small number of sub-carriers, a novel scheme, ACE with frame interleaving, is proposed in this paper. In our proposal, M frames with N sub-carriers will be combined into one super frame, then ACE algorithm is applied to reduce the PAPR of the super frame, the super frame with lowered PAPR will finally be divided into M OFDM frames for the transmission. The combining and dividing process is equivalent to the time interleaving. The proposed scheme requires no side information and can significantly reduce PAPR while maintaining small number of sub-carriers.     

降低OFDM系统峰均功率比的载波干涉技术

介绍了应用载波干涉技术的OFDM系统,即CU/OFDM系统,说明了通过CI技术降低OFDM系统峰均功率比的基本原理和特点,并通过计算机仿真展示了系统峰均功率比改善的具体效果.仿真表明,载波干涉技术应用灵活,实施复杂度较低,能有效地解决OFDM系统的高峰均功率比问题.     

Performance of SDM/COFDM system in the presence of nonlinear power amplifier

The performance of Space Division Multiplexing/ Companded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (SDM/COFDM) system will be evaluated in the presence of nonlinear amplifier. The evaluation comes from decreasing high dynamic range that is resulted from characteristics of OFDM and nonlinearity of power amplifier. The high dynamic range means high Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR). The reduction of dynamic range or PAPR is made by using a compander in this system, which is effective that is because of Gaussian distribution of OFDM signal where large OFDM signal only occurs infrequently. System simulation models are employed using Rapp??s nonlinear power amplification model. The simulation results show that the compander can provide better performance in comparison to a system that does not employ the compander, i.e., SDM/OFDM system. The effect of main parameter for the compander will be studied. Comparisons between the performances of our system and SDM/OFDM system that is used clipping technique for reduction of PAPR will be made. All these results are made at different modulation techniques and different sub-carriers     

基于频域导频PTS-OFDM系统峰平比降低技术

对于无线通信系统而言,OFDM是一种非常有吸引力的传输技术,但是OFDM信号具有较高的峰平比特性.为了减小信号峰平比,本文利用部分传输序列PTS技术,提出了一种适用于基于频域导频OFDM系统的峰平比降低实现方案,给出了其实现算法及系统控制策略;并利用计算机仿真对该系统的峰平比和误码率性能进行了分析,仿真结果表明:PTS技术可以有效地改善OFDM信号的高峰平比特性.本方案采用FPGA实现其相应的硬件电路,经过实际的OFDM系统样机传输测试,证明了所提方法的实用性及其良好的性能.     

A partial transmit sequence technique with error correction capability and low computation

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a popular transmission technique in wireless communication. Although already widely addressed in many studies, OFDM still has flaws, one of which is the occurrence of high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) in the transmission signal. The partial transmit sequence (PTS) technique is one method adopted to reduce high PAPR in OFDM systems. However, as PTS utilizes phase factors to generate multiple candidate signals, large amounts of calculation and time are required to search the candidate signal with the minimal PAPR, which will then be adopted as the final transmission signal. This paper proposes a novel PAPR reduction method, which can be applied in OFDM systems with M‐ary phase‐shift keying modulation. It not only requires less computation but also possesses error correction capabilities. More precisely, the proposed method is to divide a block‐coded modulation code into the direct sum of a correcting subcode for encoding information bits and a scrambling subcode for generating phase factors. Our proposed method is a suboptimal technique with low computation, because it uses a genetic algorithm with a partheno‐crossover operator as the transmitted signal selection mechanism. Simulation results show our proposed method has better PAPR performance than the GA‐PTS scheme. Based on the simulation results in Figures 5 and 6, it is evident that our proposed method can be employed in any OFDM system by using M‐PSK modulation.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Peak power reduction scheme base on transform kernel scrambling for OFDM systems

This work presents a novel transform kernel scrambling (TKS) scheme for reducing the peak-to-average transmitter power ratio (PAPR) for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols. This scrambling scheme suppresses the peak envelope power of OFDM signals due to de-correlation among the original QAM constellation in multiple OFDM symbols via transformation. The performance of the reduction of PAPR for OFDM signals with various unitary transform kernels is also evaluated. Since specific unitary transform kernels in TKS processing block is only used for scrambling, no side information is required. For the ease of presentation, the system performance has been demonstrated by a computer simulation. Simulation results confirm the superiority of the proposed scheme in the PAPR reduction.     

An Overview: Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Techniques for OFDM Signals

One of the challenging issues for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is its high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR). In this paper, we review and analysis different OFDM PAPR reduction techniques, based on computational complexity, bandwidth expansion, spectral spillage and performance. We also discuss some methods of PAPR reduction for multiuser OFDM broadband communication systems.     

Block coding scheme for reducing PAPR in OFDM systems with large number of subcarriers

The major drawback in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system is due to the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), so the performance of the system is significantly degraded by the nonlinearity of a High Power Amplifier (HPA) in the transmitter. In order to mitigate distortion, a block coding scheme for reducing PAPR in OFDM systems with large number of subcarriers based on complementary sequences and predistortion is proposed, which is capable of both error correction and PAPR reduction. Computer simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly improves Bit Error Rate(BER) performance as compared to an uncoded system when an HPA is employed or a coded system without predistortion.     

High-throughput, high-performance OFDM via pseudo-orthogonal carrier interferometry spreading codes

The paper introduces to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems a novel pseudo-orthogonal carrier interferometry spreading code which spreads each parallel data stream over all the OFDM carriers. Pseudo-orthogonal carrier interferometry (PO-CI) spreading codes are carefully selected to introduce the following benefits to OFDM: up to 2N parallel data streams can be coded onto N carriers, with little degradation in performance; when rate 1/2 channel coding is applied in addition to PO-CI spreading codes, the resulting binary phase-shift keying OFDM systems demonstrate the performance of coded OFDM and the throughput of uncoded OFDM; PO-CI codes are carefully selected to spread in a manner which eliminates the peak-to-average power ratio problems characteristic of traditional OFDM.     

OFDM系统中一种新的分块迭代的部分传输序列算法

该文提出了一种新的基于分块迭代(BI)和自适应分块迭代(ABI)的部分传输序列算法,能够有效地降低正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的峰均功率比(PAPR),与原始部分传输序列(OPTS)和Iterative Flipping(IF)算法相比,该算法能够获取更好的性能与复杂度的折衷,并且该算法可以看作OPTS和IF算法的一般化形式。     

对《与<降低OFDM系统峰均功率比的载波干涉技术>作者商榷》的回应

指出了<与<降低OFDM系统峰均功率比的载波干涉技术>作者商榷>文中对载波干涉(CI)技术存在的理解上的错误,强调了CI信号和CI/OFDM系统的主要特点.     

New method for PAPR reduction based on union strategy in OFDM system

Because of the high Peak to Average Power Ratio （PAPR） in Orthogonal Frequency Di- vision Multiplexing （OFDM） system, a union algorithm for PAPR reduction, combined with modified Active Constellation Extension Smart Gradient-Project（ACE-SGP） algorithm and adaptive clipping algorithm, is proposed in this paper. First of all, an adaptive strategy is used to control the size of clipping level A. Secondly, a novel step factor # is adopted to complete iterative computations in order to increase the convergence speed greatly. Simulation results show that the modified algorithm has reduced the PAPR and improved the convergence speed processing at the receiver end. significantly without side information and any     

Joint estimation of carrier frequency offset, dc offset and I/Q imbalance for OFDM systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems with direct-conversion receiver (DCR) are vulnerable to carrier frequency offset (CFO), dc offset (DCO) and in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) imbalance. In this paper, we propose blind estimator for joint estimation of CFO, DCO and I/Q imbalance in OFDM systems with DCR. Simulation results show that performance of proposed estimator approaches Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) asymptotically, which demonstrates its effectiveness.     

Performance analysis of broadband satellite communication system based on OFDM/TDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） is attracting more attention for its capability of high speed transmission. However, the OFDM possesses an obvious shortage in its high ratio of the peak power to the average power （PAPR）, which has become the main issue holding it back to be applied to the broadband satellite communication system. OFDM combined with time division multiplexing （TDM）, dividing the subcarriers of OFDM into some blocks in time tune, can decrease the high PAPR of OFDM. Meanwhile, the advantages of OFDM can be preserved. In this paper, OFDM/TDM is applied to the broadband satellite communication system. This paper theoretically analyses OFDM/TDM system model as well as its restraining effect on PAPR, and proposes frequency domain multiplexing-pilot （FDM-Pilot） channel estimation algorithm. Simulation results show OFDM/TDM in broadband satellite communication system has approving performance and decreased the PAPR.     

降低OFDM系统中PAPR的技术分析

正交频分复用(OFDM)具有较高的频谱利用率、良好的抗多径干扰能力,长期以来一直受到广泛的关注。目前,OFDM已经被公认为是下一代移动通信系统的核心技术之一,但其较高的峰值平均功率比(PAPR)却一直是制约OFDM技术发展的问题之一。如何降低OFDM系统的PAPR是目前通信领域的研究热点之一,本文对目前常用的降低PAPR方法进行了综合分析和比较,并讨论了各方法的优缺点。     

一种基于PTS技术降低OFDM系统峰均比的改进算法

该文在研究部分传输序列(PTS)技术降低OFDM系统峰均功率比(PAPR)的基础上,提出了多级寻优的改进PTS方法。该方法通过增加寻优的级数,而减少每级优化所预设的相位集合中的元素个数来寻找最优相位旋转因子,从而改变传统PTS技术中的计算量随分割子序列数和待选相位集合元素的个数的增加而呈指数增长的趋势,并使该方法与次优搜索方法相结合。通过计算复杂度的分析和仿真结果表明,同传统的方法相比,该方法不仅能较大地降低计算复杂度,且能改善降低峰均功率比的性能。     

用部分传输序列方法降低实数OFDM信号峰均值比

该文分析了部分传输序列方法(PTS)用于降低实数OFDM信号峰均值比(PAPR)时存在的问题,分别研究并提出用于降低实数OFDM信号PAPR的相邻分割PTS(APTS)及交织分割PTS(IPTS)具体实现方法。仿真结果表明,APTS和IPTS能够有效降低信号的PAPR;在相同待选传输序列情况下,APTS算法性能与IPTS算法基本相当;APTS算法需要多次的IDFT运算,而IPTS仅需要一次IDFT运算。     

PAPR reduction for OFDM‐based visible light communication systems using proposed hybrid technique

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is utilized with visible light communication (VLC) systems to decrease the impacts of inter‐symbol interference and to achieve communication with high speed of data transmission and huge bandwidth. In any case, the main problem in OFDM‐based VLC systems is high peak‐to‐average power ratios (PAPRs). This paper proposes a hybrid PAPR reduction technique based on signal transformation combined with clipping. The Hadamard transform is used in the proposed technique to reduce the PAPR without affecting the bit error rate (BER) of the VLC systems. The optimum clipping threshold at which the PAPR is reduced simultaneously with the improvement the BER of the VLC systems is also determined. The performance of the proposed system is assessed in terms of complementary cumulative distribution function and the BER. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed procedure can simultaneously decrease the PAPR and achieve good BER performance compared to the OFDM‐based VLC system.