聚吲哚的合成及在锂离子电池中的应用

采用化学合成方法制备了导电聚合物-聚吲哚,并将其应用在聚吲哚基聚合物锂离子电池中,这种聚吲哚基聚合物锂离子电池具有优异的循环寿命并且能够大电流充放电.该锂离子电池采用导电聚合物聚吲哚为正极,负极采用锂离子电池的负极,四氟硼酸锂为电解液.简易实验电池的性能测试表明:在10～103 A/m2放电情况下,电池容量在80～70...     

阴极导电剂含量对锂离子蓄电池性能的影响

研究了不同阴极导电剂含量对锂离子蓄电池的充放电性能和阻抗性能的影响。对锂离子蓄电池交流阻抗谱测定表明,聚合物锂离子蓄电池阴极在充放电循环过程中,其电化学反应阻抗的变化值与电极中导电剂含量有一定的相关性,根据这一相关性得到一种新的确定锂离子蓄电池阴极中导电剂最佳含量的方法。     

Nafion修饰Pt/C电催化剂的制备与表征

通过在合成过程中引入质子导体Nafion聚合物,制备了Pt/C-Nafion电催化剂。采用热重(TG)、元素分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)及电化学方法对该催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,与Pt/C电催化剂相比,Pt/C-Nafion中Nafion聚合物的引入使得电催化剂的分散性有所提高,以Pt/C-Nafion为阴极催化剂的直接甲醇燃料电池阴极催化层中的电化学活性表面积(ECSA)达到23.61m2/gPt,比Pt/C催化剂提高近33.5%。     

原位复合SiO2对聚合物电解质导电性能的影响

以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,LiClO4为添加盐原位复合制得了PEO基聚合物电解质,并在原位复合的同时加入硅烷偶联剂KH560对生成的纳米SiO2表面改性,制得改性聚合物电解质.交流阻抗测试结果表明,原位复合SiO2的聚合物电解质,导电性能明显改善,而原位复合偶联剂改性SiO2的聚合物电解质,导电性能的改善更加明显.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)测试结果从不同的方面解释了导电性能改善原因.     

直接甲醇燃料电池中阳极催化剂的研究进展

从铂基合金催化剂、以导电聚合物为载体的复合催化剂和含氮的大环配合物的开发等三个方面重点综述了直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)中阳极催化剂的研究进展,同时简要概述了DMFC中甲醇渗透对电池性能的影响及其解决方案。有关研究表明,合金组成、催化剂载体以及大环配合物对阳极催化剂的催化活性和稳定性有着直接的影响。尽管目前已经进行了大量的关于甲醇在阳极催化剂上的作用机理的研究工作,但还未形成共识。另外,利用新的合成方法制备高分散的催化剂也是阳极催化剂发展的重要方向。同时,还须从根本上解决甲醇在Nafion膜中的渗透问题。     

碳硫聚合物正极材料的制备研究进展

综述了不同方法合成的锂电池正极材料碳硫聚合物的结构、键合类型及其电化学性能;分析了各种碳硫聚合物性能差异的原因;提高碳硫聚合物的循环性能的关键,在于将储能的S—S键连接在聚合物碳链(最好是导电碳链)上。     

导电聚合物电磁屏蔽材料及其应用

丰富的电磁波资源在信息行业得到广泛应用的同时,产生的电磁干扰也会带来许多危害。导电聚合物作为一种新型材料在屏蔽电磁波方面展现出了良好的应用前景。介绍了导电聚合物的屏蔽原理,综述了聚合物电磁屏蔽材料的主要制备方法和屏蔽织物性能的评价方法,探讨了聚合物电磁屏蔽材料的应用领域。     

SPE水电解池氧电极研究

氧电极是固体聚合物电解质(SPE)水电解池(WE)的控制电极,其中扩散层、催化剂的性能将直接影响电解池性能的高低。采用热分解、酸浸蚀、电沉积方法,对钛氧电极扩散层基体进行表面改性研究;探讨了氧电极催化剂对WE极化性能的影响;同时考察了温度、氧电极扩散层对WE性能的影响。结果表明:电沉积法处理钛氧电极扩散层可以使电阻降低,并且在大气中搁置电阻也不会增加;IrO2-RuO2氧电极复合催化剂具有最佳的催化活性;随着电解温度升高,电解电压下降;以电沉积法处理的钛网为氧电极扩散层时,WE性能得到明显提高,在常压、70℃条件下,电解电压为1.65V时,电流密度大于1A/cm2。     

锌空气电池催化层制备工艺研究

从活性碳处理工艺、导电剂、烘干方式、催化剂处理工艺四方面开展了催化层制备工艺研究,实验结果表明,活性碳经改性可以提高其催化活性,进而提高空气电极的电化学性能;乙炔黑作为导电剂可以使催化剂在催化层中分散得更好,活性反应点增多,更有效地催化氧的还原反应;采用红外线烘干和对催化剂进行研磨处理,均可以提高催化剂催化活性反应点,进而提高电极的电化学性能。     

一种新型体修饰酶生物燃料电池研究

介绍了多壁碳纳米管体修饰石墨电极和天青A膜电聚合的制备方法,研究了电聚合膜时的影响因素。实验结果表明,当硝酸钠加入量为3.400 g(0.4 mol/L),引发电位范围为-1.0~2.0 V,电聚合pH=6.5,聚合圈数为10时制得的导电聚合物膜导电性能最佳。Graphit-MWNTs/PAA/GOD/PEI阳极在含0.1 mmol/L葡萄糖(pH=7.4)的PBS中,-0.375 V(vs.SCE)处电流密度为0.021 mA/cm2,实验表明该电极可使用寿命较长,应用前景广。     

超级电容器用MnO_2基纳米复合材料的进展

介绍二氧化锰(MnO_2)的结构及储能机理,综述近年来MnO_2作为赝电容材料,通过不同材料改性,以提高电化学性能的研究进展。这些材料主要有碳材料、导电聚合物、金属和金属氧化物/硫化物等。展望由MnO_2基纳米复合材料构建的核壳结构的发展趋势。     

超级电容器用五氧化二钒材料的研究进展

概述了近年来在超级电容器五氧化二钒(V_2O_5)电极材料方面的研究工作,主要包括3D V_2O_5、V_2O_5薄膜、V_2O_5/聚合物、V_2O_5/石墨烯和V_2O_5/碳基等电极材料;重点介绍了通过不同制备方法得到各种形貌的V_2O_5以及复合物,分析材料电化学性能得到改善的原理。对V_2O_5材料的发展趋势进行展望。     

Novel electrical and optical properties of liquid conductingpolymers and oligomers

A conducting polymer with highly extended conjugated bonds in its main chain becomes fusible and also soluble in common solvents after the introduction of long side chains, such as alkyl, as a substituent. Because these liquid conducting polymers and oligomers have much smaller band gaps than those of conventional organic liquids, they exhibit relatively high electrical conductivity and also interact with visible light. Therefore, these liquid conducting polymers can be used effectively for fundamental research to clarify the electronic state and transport processes in dielectric liquids. Novel anomalies in electrical conductivity, photoconductivity and luminescence also have been observed in these liquids, and are discussed in terms of the fluctuation of electronic band gap and the interchain interaction, which depends on alkyl side chain length and on its conformation, and therefore on temperature. The unique applications of these liquid conducting polymers and solutions are also discussed. Characteristics of the interface between conducting polymer and dielectric liquids are also found and discussed in terms of electron scavenging of CO₂ in liquid and CO₂ fixation     

超支化聚合物在质子交换膜中应用进展

对可用于制备燃料电池质子交换膜的超支化聚合物的研究进展进行了综述.概述了其用于质子交换膜的成膜方法,重点介绍并比较了超支化聚合物的合成及改性方法,讨论了应用不同方法所制备膜的结构特征和性能.最后分析了超支化聚合物用于质子交换膜材料的应用与研究前景.     

Novel properties of new type conducting and insulating polymers andtheir composites

Novel properties of recently developed conducting and insulating polymers and their composites are discussed. Properties of conducting polymer whose main chains are composed of unsaturated π-bonds depend strongly on the main chain structure, substituent and also molecular dopants. Various applications of conducting polymers such as electroluminescence (EL) elements, electrolyte capacitors, photoconductors, photovoltaic cells, superconductors and insulators at cryogenic temperature, are discussed by taking effects of molecular dopants such as C₆₀ into consideration. A new type of insulating polymer, syndiotactic polypropylene prepared by newly developed metallocene catalysts has been studied and found to exhibit much superior electrical, thermal and mechanical characteristics compared with those of conventional isotactic polypropylene, atactic polypropylene and polyethylene. These excellent characteristics originate from lower crystallinity, smaller spherulites and different crystal lattice than in isotactic polypropylene. Negligible degradation of syndiotactic polypropylene by contact with copper is interpreted in terms of difference of catalysts and suppression of diffusion of copper cation. New types of conducting polymer, insulating polymer composites were prepared. Their conductivity was controlled over more than 10 orders of magnitude by small amounts of a conducting polymer, polypyrrole, which can be interpreted in terms of the percolation model depending on the shape and density of polypyrrole coated insulating polymer particles. Nonlinear current-voltage characteristics were also studied     

锂离子电池富硫聚合物正极材料的研究进展

综述了锂离子电池富硫聚合物正极材料的研究进展.侧重介绍了利用单质硫对聚合物进行加热硫化,制备具有电化学活性的导电高分子锂离子电池正极材料的方法.所制备的材料具有较高的比容量(超过600mAh/g),且循环性能优良.聚合物硫化是制备低成本锂离子电池有机正极材料的有效方法.     

Assessment of applications of conducting polymers in powerequipment

A feasibility study has been completed to assess potential applications of conducting polymers in the manufacture of power equipment. Ten areas were studied: solid and liquid dielectric cables, capacitors, rotating machinery, transformers, bushings, surge suppressors, vacuum interrupters, gas-insulated equipment, and other miscellaneous applications. Each application was rated according to technical impact, probability of success, economic impact, and time frame for implementation. Of the 32 potential applications proposed, the top ranking areas were: coating of dielectric films for capacitors, conducting compounds to cover conductors in rotating machines, surface coatings to dissipate charges in bushings, coatings for controlled surface conductivity in gas insulated equipment, and thermal history monitors. Finally, the issues that have to be resolved before conducting polymers can find use in the identified applications are discussed     

Electrical Properties of Polymers, 2nd edition [Book Review]

This book will be of general interest to many readers of Electrical Insulation Magazine, especially those who are beginning work in the areas of conducting polymers and electro-active polymers and those looking for a very good review of modern theory on electrical conduction in polymers. Students in polymer engineering and polymer physics will find it to be an excellent resource. The book is filled with hundreds of references and has many suggestions for further reading.     

碳纳米管填充的高介电常数聚合物基复合电介质材料

介绍了碳纳米管电性能及其功能化改性、以及利用碳纳米管掺杂聚合物制备柔性高介电常数复合材料的研究现状,发现化学气相沉积法得到的多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)在化学处理前后形成的聚合物基复合材料具有明显不同的分散特性和介电性能.相对于微米级球形导电颗粒填充的复合材料,一维尺度碳纳米管填充的复合材料具有明显低得多的渗流阈值,低渗流阈值可以明显保持聚合物基体优良的机械性能.期望在这一领域从工程电介质的角度做深入的研究工作,以发现碳纳米管在聚合物基复合材料领域所表现出的新特性、新现象.