野生灵芝驯化前后子实体活性成分比较

以采集的25个野生灵芝子实体及其驯化栽培后的子实体为研究对象,分别采用苯酚-硫酸法、香草醛-高氯酸-冰乙酸显色法、凯氏定氮法、考马斯亮蓝法、马弗炉灼烧法、DPPH自由基清除试验和总还原力测定试验等测定灵芝多糖、三萜、粗蛋白、可溶性蛋白、灰分和体外抗氧化活性,并比较分析其含量差异。结果表明,不同灵芝菌株之间及同一菌株驯化前后子实体之间营养成分含量存在显著性差异,大部分野生灵芝的多糖和灰分含量高于其驯化后子实体,如野生灵芝多糖含量最高达57.30%,驯化后最高仅为49.40%;而大部分菌株驯化后子实体的三萜、粗蛋白和可溶性蛋白含量高于野生灵芝,如野生灵芝可溶性蛋白含量最高为6.29 mg/g,驯化后最高可达10.04 mg/g;驯化前水提液的体外抗氧化活性均高于驯化后子实体。     

超声波诱变对猴头菇粗多糖的影响

考察超声波诱变对猴头菇菌丝体和子实体中粗多糖含量及活性的影响。将猴头菇菌株进行不同时间的超声波诱变,各诱变菌株经平板培养初筛和液体发酵培养复筛后,最终得到1株菌丝体生物量最大、粗多糖含量最高的猴头菇变异菌株H-2,然后将原始菌株和H-2菌株进行袋料栽培以获得子实体,并对子实体粗多糖含量进行了比较,最后,比较了原始菌株和H-2菌株子实体粗多糖的抑菌活性。变异菌株H-2菌丝体和子实体的粗多糖含量比原始菌株分别提高了1. 2%和2. 3%,并且H-2子实体粗多糖对金黄色葡萄球菌有显著抑菌效果。猴头菇菌株经适当时间的超声波诱变后,可以提高其菌丝体和子实体中粗多糖的含量和抑菌活性。     

香菇蛋白的提取制备方法研究

利用香菇中蛋白和多糖溶解性的差异,首先将蛋白提取出来,残余物再用来提取多糖,并对香菇蛋白的提取和沉淀方法进行了研究.结果显示,香菇蛋白的提取制备方法是:香菇粉中加入10～20倍pH为10的氢氧化钠溶液,在10℃下提取30min,离心分离(3000r/min,15min),收集上清液,沉淀用于提取多糖.将上清液减压浓缩后,加乙醇至83%,使蛋白质沉淀下来.100g香菇粉制备的结果为:香菇蛋白得率为13.1%,其蛋白含量为47.5%;香菇多糖得率为5.6%,其多糖含量为69.5%.     

香菇多糖脱蛋白工艺的研究

从香菇菌丝体中提取的香菇多糖经脱蛋白提纯后,其生物活性更高。对酶法、Sevag法、三氯乙酸-正丁醇法脱蛋白效果进行了比较研究,确定了最佳的脱蛋白工艺为酶法和三氯乙酸．正丁醇结合法,脱色4次,蛋白含量为1．97％,多糖损失率为4．58％。     

香菇蛋白的提取制备方法研究

利用香菇中蛋白和多糖溶解性的差异,首先将蛋白提取出来,残余物再用来提取多糖,并对香菇蛋白的提取和沉淀方法进行了研究。结果显示,香菇蛋白的提取制备方法是:香菇粉中加入10~20倍pH为10的氢氧化钠溶液,在10℃下提取30min,离心分离(3000r/min,15min),收集上清液,沉淀用于提取多糖。将上清液减压浓缩后,加乙醇至83%,使蛋白质沉淀下来。100g香菇粉制备的结果为:香菇蛋白得率为13.1%,其蛋白含量为47.5%;香菇多糖得率为5.6%,其多糖含量为69.5%。      

香菇多糖脱蛋白工艺的研究

从香菇菌丝体中提取的香菇多糖经脱蛋白提纯后,其生物活性更高。对酶法、Sevag法、三氯乙酸-正丁醇法脱蛋白效果进行了比较研究,确定了最佳的脱蛋白工艺为酶法和三氯乙酸．正丁醇结合法,脱色4次,蛋白含量为1．97％,多糖损失率为4．58％。     

珊瑚菌子实体和菌丝体营养成分与抗氧化活性的比较

采用国标及常规分析方法对珊瑚菌子实体和菌丝体中营养成分和活性物质多糖、多酚含量及其抗氧化活性进行分析,结果表明:珊瑚菌子实体与菌丝体碳水化合物含量分别为38.74±1.27%和63.55±3.17%;脂肪含量分别为2.52±0.14%和3.21±0.19%;蛋白含量分别为11.02±1.21%和22.30±1.18%;灰分含量分别为5.77±0.14%和5.98±0.11%。子实体矿质元素含量普遍高于其菌丝体,Mg元素除外;必须氨基酸,菌丝体含量(7.08±0.15)g/100 g高于其子实体(2.55±0.24)g/100 g。子实体多糖含量(23.22±1.60)mg/g低于其菌丝体(35.51±1.78)mg/g,多酚含量(6.85±0.41)mg/g高于其菌丝体(3.66±0.29)mg/g。比较珊瑚菌多糖、多酚体外抗氧化活性强弱依次为子实体多酚菌丝体多酚菌丝体多糖子实体多糖。研究表明对于珊瑚菌菌丝体多糖,有望代替子实体应用于食药产品,而菌丝体多酚仍有待进一步开发利用。     

不同来源猴头菌营养成分及其多糖化学组成和抗氧化活性比较

以5种不同地区采集的猴头菌子实体及1种猴头菌液态深层发酵菌丝体为原料,比较其原料主要营养成分及微量元素,多糖的单糖组成及抗氧化活性的差异。结果表明:5种猴头菌子实体的营养成分含量基本一致,同种元素含量差异小于20%,发酵菌丝体中粗蛋白及粗脂肪含量均高于子实体,元素含量差异较大,且菌丝体存在部分重金属超标的潜在风险。猴头菌子实体多糖的平均得率为2.15%,菌丝体多糖的得率(5.06%)显著高于子实体;6种多糖均由甘露糖、半乳糖和葡萄糖构成;抗氧化结果表明,5种子实体多糖的抗氧化活性差异较小,其中以丽水产的猴头菌多糖抗氧化活性最弱,而菌丝体多糖的抗氧化活性较强且显著优于子实体多糖,对ABTS自由基的清除能力接近于VC。不同产地,不同栽培方式、不同生长阶段都会对猴头菌原料及其多糖性质产生一定的影响。     

香菇多糖脱色方法的研究

从香菇菌丝体中提取的香菇多糖色素含量较高,实验采用活性炭对香菇多糖进行脱色,探讨了活性炭用量、吸附时间、pH值、脱色温度对脱色的影响,确定了脱色的最佳工艺。     

低温水提法对香菇蛋白和多糖提取率的影响

在提取香菇多糖之前,通过正交试验确定了具有浓郁香菇香气蛋白液的提取工艺。以料水比、提取温度、提取时间为影响因素,以香菇蛋白提取率和香菇多糖提取率为评价指标,试验结果表明:当料水比为1∶35、提取温度为10℃、提取时间为20min时,香菇干粉中蛋白提取率为9.27%;多糖提取率为2.32%。在该条件下,可以使香菇干粉中的蛋白质大量溶出,而香菇多糖的损失较小,既获得了有浓郁香菇香气的蛋白提取液,又减少了后续提取的香菇多糖中蛋白质的含量。     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。     

STABILITY OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS

Hop oil emulsions prepared from different varieties of hops have been found to exhibit enhanced physical stability on the addition of blends of the emulsifiers Span 20/Tween 80 or Span 60/Tween 60. Examination of the particle size and volume distributions of an emulsion by use of a Coulter Counter was found to be an excellent method of monitoring its stability. An indication as to the relative efficiency of emulsifiers can be obtained from Coulter Counter measurements on hop oil emulsions after storage for 4 days. The use of an ultracentrifuge provies a rapid means of testing emulsion stability and hence the effectiveness of emulsion stabilizers.     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．