重组葡萄糖脱氢酶酶学性质研究

葡萄糖脱氢酶可用于高纯度低聚果糖和葡萄糖酸钙的生产，一种重组葡萄糖脱氢酶表达、纯化后，对该酶酶学性质进行了研究。最适反应pH值8．4，最适反应温度37℃，在温度低于45℃条件下，酶活力稳定性好。在最适温度和pH条件下，以葡萄糖为底物时葡萄糖脱氢酶的米氏常数Km=20．09mmol／L，以烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADP）为底物时的米氏常数Km=0．10mmol／L。     

谷氨酸生产菌S_(9114)中依赖于NADPH谷氨酸脱氢酶的纯化及性质

利用DEAE 纤维素离交柱层析、疏水柱层析和凝胶过滤层析等从谷氨酸棒杆菌S9114 中分离纯化出依赖于NADPH的谷氨酸脱氢酶 (GOH NADPH )。经HPLC测定 ,该酶的分子量为 188ku ;经SDS -PAGE电泳测得该酶的亚基分子量为 3 2ku。提示该谷氨酸脱氢酶由 6个亚基组成。该酶对NADPH具有高度专一性 ,在pH 7 5、3 7℃下 ,以α 酮戊二酸、NH4Cl和NADPH为底物时的米氏常数Km 分别为 9 2 2mmol/L、5 2 7mmol/L和 2 3 1× 10 -3mmol/L。最适反应pH为 7 5 ,最适反应温度为 42℃ ,并对热比较稳定。此外 ,KCl对GDH NADPH的活性具有激活作用。     

重组葡萄糖脱氢酶的酶学性质及其偶联辅酶再生

为解决生物催化氧化还原反应中辅酶循环问题,人工合成密码子优化后的嗜酸热源体Thermoplasma acidophilum葡萄糖脱氢酶基因Sygdh,于E.coli BL21(DE3)中表达,粗酶液经镍柱亲和层析获得纯化的重组葡萄糖脱氢酶SyGDH。SDS-PAGE显示相对分子质量为41.0 kDa。酶学性质分析表明:该酶的最适pH值为7.5,在pH 6.0~8.0稳定;最适反应温度为40℃,在55℃以下稳定;最适条件下其比活性达4.5 U/mg;Zn2+对其有明显激活作用;该酶对NADP+的亲和力大于NAD+且对大多数有机溶剂有良好的耐受性;对D-葡萄糖的Km和Vmax值分别为28.2 mmol/L和6.5 U/mg。在葡萄糖脱氢酶与羰基还原酶偶联构建的NADPH辅酶循环体系中,以4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯为底物,羰基还原酶催化产物4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯的产率为99.0%,是未添加葡萄糖脱氢酶时产物产率的3.11倍,表明重组SyGDH具有为生物催化氧化还原反应提供辅酶NADPH再生的能力。     

文蛤纤维素酶分离纯化及性质

采用缓冲液提取、(NH4)2SO4分级沉淀、DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow阴离子交换层析和Phenyl Sepharose 6 Fast Flow疏水层析,从文蛤(Meretrix meretrix L)中分离纯化出一种纤维素酶。结果显示:纯化后的纤维素酶比活力达到40.33 U/mg,纯化倍数为13.12;SDS-PAGE检测其亚基相对分子质量为59 700;文蛤纤维素酶的最适pH为5.2,最适反应温度为45℃,该酶在p H 4～6和4～50℃范围内有较好的稳定;在最适条件下,以羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)为底物测得其Km值为0.111 mmol/L。     

淫羊藿苷糖苷酶的纯化及其酶学性质的研究

对由菌株Absidiasp.E9r在发酵培养中产生的淫羊藿苷糖苷酶进行了分离纯化并对其酶性质进行了研究。结果表明,该酶的分子质量约为65ku,酶反应的最适温度和pH值分别为50℃和4.0,在20～60℃,pH3.0～6.0条件下稳定性较好;金属离子Na+、K+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ca2+对酶反应的影响不大,而Fe3+、Cu2+对其有很明显的抑制作用;酶反应动力学研究,Vmax=3.012mmol/(L.h),km=58.59mmol/L。     

猪肝乙醇脱氢酶的分离纯化及部分性质

新鲜猪肝经匀浆、缓冲液抽提、硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose离子交换层析及Superdex-200凝胶过滤层析,获得电泳纯的乙醇脱氢酶（alcohol dehydrogenase,ADH）。纯化结果显示：该酶比活力为1 622.33 U/mg,回收率为29.05%,纯化倍数为34.58;该酶分子质量约为171.79 kD,亚基分子质量约为43.68 kD。ADH酶学性质研究显示：最适反应温度和pH值分别为45 ℃和10.0;在25～45 ℃及pH 7.5～9.0范围内稳定性较好;最适条件下测得该酶对乙醇的Km值为19 mmol/L;正丁醇、氯仿、异丙醇、十二烷基硫酸钠、草酸、Zn2＋、Cu2＋、Ag＋对该酶的抑制作用最强,Mg2＋对该酶有激活作用,EDTA对该酶有双重作用。     

丝瓜过氧化物酶的特性和抑制作用研究

研究丝瓜过氧化物酶最适温度、最适pH值、Km、Vmax及最适底物,同时通过正交试验探讨不同抑制剂组合对丝瓜过氧化物酶的抑制作用.结果表明,丝瓜过氧化物酶最适温度为45℃,最适pH值为5.0,以邻苯三酚为最适底物,Km=0.001516 mol/L,Vmax.=440.7U/(min·g).正交试验结果表明,最佳抑制剂组合为6mmol/L柠檬酸+6mmol/L EDTA+6mmol/L半胱氨酸+6mmol/L VC.在此条件下抑制率为58.89％.     

猪脑乙酰胆碱酯酶的分离纯化和性质研究

通过离心、硫酸铵分级沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose和Superdex-200层析等步骤,从猪脑中获得电泳纯乙酰胆碱酯酶,该酶比活力和纯化倍数分别为2.05 U/mg和26.97,酶活回收率为11.95%;该酶分子质量为257.30 kD,亚基为66.94 kD;以碘化硫代乙酰胆碱为底物时,酶的最适反应温度为37 ℃,最适pH值为7.4,且在40 ℃以下,pH 6.0～8.0有较好的稳定性;最适底物浓度为4.0 mmol/L,Km为0.94 mmol/L。Ba2+和Zn2+对该酶有强烈的抑制作用,而低浓度Mg2+对该酶有激活作用。     

Enterococcus faecalis RQ15产低温中性蛋白酶的纯化及酶学性质

采用DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow和SuperdexTM 75对Enterococcus faecalis RQ15产蛋白酶进行纯化和酶学性质研究。SDS-PAGE测定该蛋白酶分子质量为32.4kD,最适作用温度35～40℃,最适pH7.5。20～40℃之间酶活较高,pH值耐受范围广泛,具有低温蛋白酶的特征。Zn2+对蛋白酶有激活作用,Ag+、Hg2+和EDTA-Na2对酶有显著抑制作用。纯酶最适作用条件下对酪蛋白底物的Km和Vmax分别为1.31×10-4mol/L和6.92×10-6mol/(L ·s)。     

酶法水解大豆异黄酮

利用Absidiasp R菌株 ,通过液体发酵 ,得到了一种高活性的大豆异黄酮糖苷水解酶 ,该酶水解糖苷型大豆异黄酮的最适底物浓度为 7 5mg/mL ;最适反应时间为 1 5h ;该酶在温度为 2 0～5 0℃、pH为 4 0～ 7 0范围内相对稳定 ,最适酶解反应温度为 40℃ ,最适pH值为 5 0 ;金属离子对该酶活力的影响不显著 ,其中Co2 +、Zn2 +对该酶有激活作用 ,Ag+、Cu2 +对该酶有抑制作用 ,Fe3+浓度<5 0mmol/L时 ,对该酶有促进作用 ,当离子浓度 >5 0mmol/L时 ,则有抑制作用。利用实验获得的最适酶解条件反应 ,可使染料木苷生成染料木素的转化率达到 1 0 0 %。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the