洗衣粉中的水难溶物和不溶物

洗衣粉中难溶物的成因，系由原料和工艺两方面的原因造成。三聚磷酸钠的水合作用，硅酸钠的分解反应，硫酸钠的吸潮、皂片、羧甲基纤维素钠、沸石、疙瘩粉和黄焦粉均是形成不溶物和难溶物主要因素，同时亦提出解决诸多因素的主要方法。     

洗油不溶物的产生原因和再利用

对洗油中的不溶物再利用技术进行了总结,分析了洗油不溶物的形成原因及不溶物在生产中的危害,并根据平煤天宏焦化公司的生产实际情况,提出了在洗油不溶物内直接通入蒸汽加热溶化后,用泵送入机械化焦油氨水澄清槽和焦油混溶再利用,取得较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

建立新的正己烷不溶物、甲苯不溶物方法

本文提供对重油中的正己烷、甲苯不溶物含量的一种简易、连续测定法,该法可测定不溶物含量范围从0~100%,测定结果符合A STM D 91方法和A STM D 2317方法,新建的正己烷不溶物、甲苯不溶物的方法重复性好,设备简单、操作方便,采用一次性取样,能比较快速地完成两种溶剂的不溶物测定,有利于满足监控进厂重油的质量要求。     

聚合松香甲苯不溶物的去除

聚合松香中的甲苯不溶物在国产聚合松香中普遍存在，通过对甲苯不溶物的来源、形成过程的研究，寻找出去除聚合松香中的甲苯不溶物的最佳办法。     

碳酸钡中盐酸不溶物过高原因的分析与研究

分析和研究了碳酸钡生产中，常发生的产品中盐酸不溶物过高的原因。并从碳化机理，各工序可能发生使盐酸不溶物过高的反应。提出各工序正确操作的方向，降低产品中盐酸不溶物的措施。     

氢氧化镁和氧化镁中酸不溶物的研究

产硝后的高镁卤水和硫氢化钡溶液进行反应，生成氢氧化镁，酸不溶物在0．3％（质量分数）左右，但将其煅烧成氧化镁后，酸不溶物高达1．2％-2．5％（质量分数），二者酸不溶物远不成比例关系。通过对样品在分析中穿滤对比、硫酸法测定酸不溶物、碘量法测定硫化物试验，确定在生产过程中，硫氢化钡被氢氧化镁吸附，经过高温煅烧，硫氢化钡被氧化成硫酸钡，成为氧化镁中的酸不溶物，这就是氧化镁和氢氧化镁中酸不溶物不成比例的主要原因。     

抗盐聚合物不溶物指标研究与生产控制

本文通过对抗盐聚丙烯酰胺产品容易出现不溶物超标问题进行了分析,总结了影响不溶物指标的因素及关键生产环节,并提出了具体的控制措施,从而有效地提高抗盐聚丙烯酰胺的产品质量,对聚丙烯酰胺生产有很大的指导意义。     

铬酸钡生产中酸不溶物的去除

本文从理论上分析了铬酸钡生产中酸不溶物产生的原因，指出铬变价态离子的出现是造成酸不溶物的主要成因之一，针对这一困扰试剂生产的问题，提出了改进工艺的方法，并在实际生产中取得了良好效果。     

聚合松香甲苯不溶物的去除

聚合松香中的甲苯不溶物在国产聚合松香中普遍存在 ,通过对甲苯不溶物的来源、形成过程的研究 ,寻找出去除聚合松香中的甲苯不溶物的最佳办法     

酸不溶物对硝酸磷肥生产的影响及分离方法

结合山西化肥厂生产情况简述酸不溶物的特性，分析矿物原料中酸不溶物对高浓度复合型磷肥的生产过程、设备及产品质量产生影响的原因，列出前期工作中比较理想的改进措施，并对更好地解决酸不溶物的影响问题提出建议。     

煤焦油沥青中喹啉不溶物的分离

介绍了以煤焦油沥青为原料,采用焦化溶剂溶解、过滤和精馏等净化工艺,分离其中的喹啉不溶物。精制沥青的喹啉不溶物含量〈０．１０％,可作为优质电极浸渍沥青产品或作为生产针状焦的原料使用。     

The determination of the quinoline-insoluble (QI) content of tar and pitch

A new method for the determination of quinoline insolubles (QI) in tars and pitches, using elevated pressure instead of vacuum for filtration was developed. The apparatus is described and the outline of the procedure is given. The procedure was simplified by omitting the addition of filter aid and washing the filter cake with toluene.     

煤沥青甲苯不溶物的测定方法研究

讨论了甲苯不溶物的测试原理及不同测试方法对测试结果的影响。通过数学检验法论证了几种测试方法之间的差异性及准确性,确定了最合适的测试方法。     

聚氯化铝过滤性能的影响因素研究

为改善聚氯化铝（PAC）生产中产品的过滤效果,从工艺、原料、产品 3个方面研究了反应时间、过滤温度、铝酸钙粉用量、硫酸根离子含量、三价铁离子含量、氧化铝含量、盐基度等多个因素对PAC过滤效果的影响。研究表明,反应时间、过滤温度、铝酸钙粉用量、原料中硫酸根离子含量对PAC的过滤效果均有显著影响。为确保PAC的可滤性,建议生产中反应时间为60 min,过滤温度为60~80 ℃,尽量少用铝酸钙粉,尽量选用不含硫酸根离子的原料酸。产品中氧化铝含量的变化对PAC的过滤效果有一定影响,但不会改变产品的可滤性。原料中三价铁离子含量、产品盐基度的变化对PAC的过滤效果无显著影响。     

煤焦油中脱除喹啉不溶物技术的研究进展

煤焦油是一种制备高附加值碳材料的理想原料,然而其深加工利用受到内部高含量喹啉不溶物(QI)的影响。为此,本文介绍了煤焦油的组成和性质,简述了煤焦油中QI的组成、来源和其对煤焦油加工利用的危害,综合对比分析了煤焦油净化分离常用的几种方法。热过滤法分离效率虽然满足工业需求,但工业成本较高;重力沉降法操作简单,但分离效率低;离心分离法分离效率高,但处理量小,难以满足工业化应用;蒸馏处理法分离效率高,但原料利用率低;溶剂萃取法容易操作,但溶剂需求量大;改质法效果明显,但成本较高;静电分离法能量消耗低,但静电分离最佳条件变动性较大;联合处理法分离效率较高,应用前景广阔,可以作为一种净化分离的科学有效方法,并可以作为一种净化分离技术的发展趋势。     

Mathematical analysis of physicochemical phenomena in the catalyst during hydrogenating depolymerization of coal extract benzene insoluble fraction

Efficiency and selectivity of hydrogenating depolymerization of the coal extract benzene-insoluble part over the heterogeneous Co–Mo/Al₂O₃ catalystwere assessed using a mathematical model. The analytical equations of the mathematical modelwere generated based onmaterial balance incorporating the physico-chemical phenomena (reaction and diffusion) both in the autoclave and the catalyst grain. The equations offer the possibility for predicting changes of the reactants in the autoclave during the process and for determining the distribution of reactant concentrations in the grain as a function of its radius. The analytical equations of the model serve as the basis of the algorithm for assessing the influence of restrictive diffusion on the effectiveness and selectivity of the catalyst, and also for defining the optimal radii of the catalyst's pores to enable free transport of reactants in the grain interior.     

The role of primary quinoline insoluble on the formation of mesocarbon microbeads

The effects of primary quinoline insoluble (PQI) on the formation process of mesocarbon microbeads (MCMBs) have been investigated through comparison of microstructural characteristics of PQI and MCMBs, which were comprehensively identified by Fourier transform infrared, solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that PQI had similar polyaromatic structure to MCMBs in terms of carbon aromaticity, which indicated that PQI could overcome the high energy barrier of a new mesophase formation and decrease the activation energy of MCMBs formation. Thus, it was concluded that PQI could act as the nuclei for mesophase growth. The nucleation of PQI was further justified by the of-course growth of the secondary MCMBs.     

Separation and characterization of foulant material in coker gas oils from Athabasca bitumen

Gas oil streams from the upgrading of oilsands bitumen contain toluene insoluble, gummy, solid foulants that cause process problems by plugging hydrotreater feed filters and catalyst beds. From a process optimization standpoint, it is of considerable interest to determine the exact origin and nature of this material in order to design remedial measures. We selected coker heavy gas oil (KHGO) from bitumen upgrading as the primary test material for this work but also include samples from other parts of the process.Typically, solids content of gas oils are determined by a filtration method. For the KHGO sample used here, this approach yielded a value of 45 ppm. We also compared solids content using ultra- and low-speed centrifugation techniques. With toluene as the diluent, both of these centrifugation methods gave virtually the same toluene insolubles (TI) value, i.e. 24 and 23 ppm, respectively. For paraffinic diluents the measured TI contents ranged from about 50 to 200 ppm. Our results demonstrate that KHGO may contain significant amounts of TI not measured by conventional filtration.Characterization of gas oil TI from different sampling points in the bitumen upgrading circuit showed that it is a nitrogen and oxygen rich organic material, associated with minor amounts of inorganic elements representative of ash-forming iron minerals and alumino-silicate clay. The most likely source for this intractable toluene insoluble fraction appears to be a low molecular weight pyrrollic species present in heavy gas oil. Such compounds are easily oxidized to produce insoluble polymers that can interact with inorganic minerals and metals, producing gummy material capable of blinding filters.     

煤沥青甲苯不溶物测定方法的改进

通过试验,分析了制样方法、试验砂品种、试剂等对煤沥青甲苯不溶物测定结果的影响,从实践的角度,对GB/T2292-1997规定的方法提出了改进:在制样方法上,采用高速万能粉碎机代替手工研磨,提高了样品粒度的分散性和均匀性;在试验砂的选择和应用上,对普通砂和石英砂做了对比试验和数据分析,提出了相应的改进措施:在试剂的选择上,强调了甲苯试剂质量对试验结果的影响。通过以上改进措施,可提高煤沥青甲苯不溶物检测的准确度和精密度。     

Hydrophobic interactions in the purification of soybean lecithin

Phospholipids have a nonpolar fatty acyl chain and a polar head group, which give them unique physicochemical behavior. They form micellar structures with glycerides, as in the hydration of lecithin, where mixed bilayers of phospholipids and glycerides are formed. In hydrated lecithin, the 70:30 phospholipid/glyceride composition shows the maximum interaction energy and corresponds to the most stable mixed layer. During purification of commercial soybean lecithin (CSL) with acetone, it was observed that the triglyceride extraction curves corresponded to an exponential function shared by the acetone and phospholipid phases. During CSL purification, a fraction of the triglycerides was dissolved, and the rest remained attached to the phospholipids, thus making total separation by simple contact with the solvent impossible. The behavior of these glyceride-phospholipid systems is controlled by such factors as Van der Waals forces, configurational entropy, and alterations in the structure of the adjacent water, similar to the hydrophobic interactions that exist between proteins and lipid chains in biological membranes. In this study, equilibrium plots for the phospholipid/triglyceride/acetone system were obtained and provided evidence of hydrophobic interaction.