衬底表面处理对燃烧焰法沉积金刚石膜成核密度的影响

研究了衬底表面不同处理对燃烧焰法沉积金刚石成核密度的影响，发现用硬微粉（金刚石，碳化硅）对衬底的刻划，能明显地提高成核密度，在衬底表面涂覆机械泵油或先沉积薄类金刚石层也能显著提高成核密度。成核密度的提高有利于生长出连续金刚石膜。     

热丝化学气相沉积法在CH4／H2混合气体中低温生长超薄纳米金刚石膜

用热丝化学气相沉积方法研究了低温(~550℃)和低反应气压(~7 Torr)下硅片上金刚石膜的成核和生长.成核过程中采用2.5%的CH4浓度,在经充分超声波预处理的硅片上获得了高达1.5×1011cm-2的成核密度.随CH4浓度的增加所成膜中的金刚石晶粒尺寸由亚微米转变到纳米级.成功合成了表面粗糙度小于4nm、超薄(厚度小于500nm)和晶粒尺寸小于50nm的纳米金刚石膜.膜与衬底结合牢固.膜从可见光至红外的光吸收系数小于2×104cm-1.用我们常规的HFCVD技术,在低温度和低压下可以生长出表面光滑超薄的纳米金刚石膜.     

异质外延立方氮化硼薄膜的微结构研究

利用离子束辅助沉积技术在金刚石薄膜衬底上制备立方氮化硼薄膜,傅立叶变换红外谱的结果表明,在高度(001)织构金刚石薄膜衬底上沉积的立方氮化硼薄膜是纯的立方相,而在多晶金刚石薄膜衬底上制备的立方氮化硼薄膜中还含少量的六角氮化硼。高分辨透射电镜的分析表明,在金刚石晶粒上异质外延的c-BN直接成核于金刚石衬底,界面没有六角氮化硼过渡层;而在含有大量缺陷的晶粒边界,存在六角氮化硼的成核与生长。     

金刚石薄膜低压气相生长中衬底表面缺陷的成核理论

在低压气相生长金刚石薄膜过程中,通过在衬底表面引入缺陷,通常是一种行之有效的提高成核密度的方法。但是,至今尚无公论的关于这种缺陷成核机制的详细报导和理论解释。本文在实验观测的基础上,提出了金刚石膜在衬底表面凹陷结构缺陷内成核的理论,并且讨论了该理论对于试图通过控制衬底表面缺陷来控制金刚石膜成核密度等人工微结构设计研究的意义。     

CVD金刚石膜在光滑衬底表面成核研究的进展

本文叙述了化学气相沉积金刚石薄膜过程中，金刚石在光滑非金刚石衬底表面的成核行为，讨论了目前用于提高金刚石成核密度的一些典型方法的优点和不足。     

低压气相生长金刚石薄膜成核机理的研究

本文论述了低压气相生长金刚石薄膜中活性原子团ＣＨ＿３和原子态氢在金刚石成核运动中的作用以及衬底材料性能对成核的影响，认为活性基ＣＨ＿３是生长金刚石的主要活性物质，它们在衬底表面的吸附、碰撞、聚集等构成了成核运动，原子氢在成核运动中的主要作用是参与ＣＨ＿３的脱氢反应和石墨相碳原子团的刻蚀反应，并且还有稳定ＣＨ＿３中ＳＰ￣３杂化轨道的作用。衬底材料性能对成核的影响在于晶格失配而导致的错配位错和晶格畸变所引起的界面势垒和晶核弹性能的增加。最后讨论了金刚石薄膜与衬底之间是否存在过渡层问题，认为过渡层不是金刚石唯一的成核区，它的存在与生长条件密切相关，并且解释了关于过渡层实验研究中遇到的相互矛盾的结论。     

金刚石簿膜生长技术

本文回顾了低压合成金刚石的历史,对各种金刚石薄膜的生长方法进行了简要的对比。低压条件下金刚石处于亚稳态而石墨处于稳定相,本文重点介绍了低压条件下抑制石墨形成促进金刚石生长的关键因素。对金刚石在不同衬底上的成核状况,衬底的表面状况对成核的影响,生长过程中原子氢的作用,以及衬底温度的影响等作了概括,提出了目前阶段金刚石薄膜研究中所要解决的问题。     

宽禁带半导体金刚石

较详细地叙述了当前国内外正处在研究热潮中的金刚石半导体的优越性质、发展状况及其应用和潜在的应用前景.同时分析和比较了金刚石薄膜的各种制备方法,可以看出微波等离子体化学汽相沉积法是较好的制备金刚石薄膜的生长技术,并且分析了该技术的特点和优势.该法在保持适当氩气氛和施加衬底负偏压下还可进一步提高金刚石膜的生长速率和质量.对于金刚石异质(在硅衬底上)成核的基本机理也进行了分析.最后,阐述了研究金刚石半导体薄膜目前需要解决的关键问题及其发展方向.     

纳米金刚石膜的成核及生长特性研究

采用直流等离子体喷射化学气相沉积(DC arc pla sma jet)系统制备了纳米金刚石膜(NCD),研究了不同的金刚石成核剂溶液对NCD 膜的成核及生长的影响。研究表明,在成核剂溶液中添加二甲基亚砜(DMSO)后成核密度明显 得到提高,而 且制备的NCD膜晶粒分布均匀、致密。当金刚石粉体作为成核剂时,随着其粒径 的增大,NCD膜成核密度下降,晶粒的尺寸均匀性也变差,而粒径为5nm的金刚石纳米粒 子作为成核剂时,NCD膜晶粒间结合致密、颗粒分布均匀。最后,选择5nm的金刚石纳米 粒子和丙酮/DMSO配制的分散液作为成核剂配方,经过60min的生长 ,制备了粒径为50～70 nm的结晶性和品质良好的NCD膜,适用于高频声表面波(SAW)器件及各种光学窗口的研制。     

金刚石高频SAW器件中关键材料的制备研究

采用热丝化学气相沉积(CVD)法制备了自支撑金刚石膜,再通过射频磁控溅射法沉积氧化锌薄膜在自支撑金刚石膜上。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)以及原子力显微镜(AFM)测试自支撑金刚石膜的表面形貌,结果表明,自支撑金刚石膜的成核面非常光滑,粗糙度约为10 nm;拉曼光谱显示成核面在1 333 cm-1附近有尖锐的散射峰,与金刚石的sp3键相对应,非金刚石相含量很少;X-射线衍射分析(XRD)显示,沉积在自支撑金刚石膜上的氧化锌薄膜为高度的c轴择优取向生长。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.