The TRIUMF Time Projection Chamber Data Acquisition System

The Time Projection Chamber (TPC) at TRIUMF was developed for the search for muon-electron conversion, a lepton number violating process. This paper describes the data acquisition system in use for the last two years. Basic components of the system are a multi-crate CAMAC acquisition system, external memory, PDP 11/40 and VAX 11/780 coupled through DECNET. A discussion of the various software packages for data-taking and on-line track reconstruction follows.     

The Crystal Ball Data Acquisition System

The data acquisition system for the Crystal Ball project at SLAC is described. A PDP-11/t55 using RSX-11M connected to the SLAC Triplex is the basis of the system. A "physics pipeline" allows physicists to write their own equipment-monitoring or physics tasks which require event sampling. As well, an interactive analysis package (MULTI) is in the pipeline. Histogram collection and display on the PDP are implemented using the Triplex histogramming package. Various interactive event displays are also implemented.     

清华大学5MW核供热站的过程计算机系统

本文讨论了清华大学5MW 核供热站主控室中过程计算机系统的设计、功能、应用及其与传统仪表系统的关系,描述了该过程计算机系统的硬件配置。该计算机系统是一个具有自动故障诊断和自动切换功能的双机系统,所用计算机为 PDP11/73。还简单介绍了所用智能化、加固的数据站IMP 和专门研制的实时数据显示画面辅助生成系统的基本思想。     

多参量数据的离线分析

本文介绍了一种适用于ND620系统的多参量数据离线分析程序,采用FORTRAN—77语言可运用于PDP11系列的计算机,本文并讨论了粒子的鉴别和二维符合谱本底扣除等问题。     

Breakdown Voltage Research of Penning Gas Mixture in Plasma Display Panel

Paschen law and equations, which ignore the influence of the Penning ionization on the electron ionization coefficient （α）, are always used as the approximation of the breakdown voltage criterion of the Penning gas mixture in current researches of discharge characteristics of the plasma display panel （PDP）. It is doubtful that whether their results match the facts. Based on the Townsend gas self-sustaining discharge condition and the chemical kinetics analysis of the Penning gas mixture discharging in PDP, the empirical equation to describe the breakdown of the Penning gas mixture is given. It is used to calculate the breakdown voltage curves of Ne-Xe/MgO and Ne-Ar/MgO in a testing macroscopic discharge cell of AC-PDP. The effective secondary electron emission coefficients （γeff） of the MgO protective layers are derived by comparing the breakdown voltage curves obtained from the empirical equation with the experimental data of breakdown voltages. In comparison with the results calculated by the Paschen law and the equation which ignore the influence of the Penning ionization on α , the results calculated by the empirical equation have better conformity with experimental data. The empirical equation characterizes the breakdown of the Penning gas mixture in PDP effectively, and gives a convenient way to study its breakdown characteristics and the secondary electron emission behaviors.     

Activation of peroxydisulfate by gas-liquid pulsed discharge plasma to enhance the degradation of p-nitrophenol

Pulsed discharge in water and over water surfaces generates ultraviolet radiation,local high temperature,shock waves,and chemical reactive species,including hydroxyl radicals,hydrogen peroxide,and ozone.Pulsed discharge plasma (PDP) can oxidize and mineralize pollutants very efficiently,but high energy consumption restricts its application for industrial wastewater treatment.A novel method for improving the energy efficiency of wastewater treatment by PDP was proposed,in which peroxydisulfate (PDS) was added to wastewater and PDS was activated by PDP to produce more strong oxidizing radicals,including sulfate radicals and hydroxyl radicals,leading to a higher oxidation capacity for the PDP system.The experimental results show that the increase in solution conductivity slightly decreased the discharge power of the pulse discharge over the water surface.An increase in the discharge intensity improved the activation of PDS and therefore the degradation efficiency and energy efficiency of p-nitrophenol (PNP).An increase in the addition dosage of PDS greatly facilitated the degradation of PNP at a molar ratio of PDS to PNP of lower than 80∶1,but the performance enhancement was no longer obvious at a dosage of more than 80∶1.Under an applied voltage of 20 kV and a gas discharge gap of 2 rmm,the degradation efficiency and energy efficiency of the PNP reached 90.7％ and 45.0 mg kWh-1 for the plasma/PDS system,respectively,which was 34％ and 18.0 mg kWh-1 higher than for the discharge plasma treatment alone.Analysis of the physical and chemical effects indicated that ozone and hydrogen peroxide were important for PNP degradation and UV irradiation and heat from the discharge plasma might be the main physical effects for the activation of PDS.     

Regeneration of Acid Orange 7 Exhausted Granular Activated Carbon Using Pulsed Discharge Plasmas

In this paper, a pulsed discharge plasma(PDP) system with a multi-needle-to-plate electrodes geometry was set up to investigate the regeneration of acid orange 7(AO7) exhausted granular activated carbon(GAC). Regeneration of GAC was studied under different conditions of peak pulse discharge voltage and water p H, as well as the modification effect of GAC by the pulse discharge process, to figure out the regeneration efficiency and the change of the GAC structure by the PDP treatment. The obtained results showed that there was an appropriate peak pulse voltage and an optimal initial p H value of the solution for GAC regeneration. Analyses of scanning electron microscope(SEM), Boehm titration, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET), Horvath-Kawazoe(HK), and X-ray Diffraction(XRD) showed that there were more mesopore and macropore in the regenerated GAC and the structure turned smoother with the increase of discharge voltage;the amount of acidic functional groups on the GAC surface increased while the amount of basic functional groups decreased after the regeneration process. From the result of the XRD analysis,there were no new substances produced on the GAC after PDP treatment.     

R&D activities for the design of the MITICA Plasma Driver Plate manufacturing process via explosion bonding technique

The back plate of the MITICA plasma source, named Plasma Driver Plate (PDP), will be protected from the impact of the highly energetic back-streaming positive ions (BSI+), generated inside the accelerator, by a 1.0 mm thick molybdenum layer that will be joined by Explosion Bonding (EB) technique to the copper heat sink.This technology has been investigated and used for manufacturing prototypes, demonstrating very high strength of the obtained molybdenum–copper interface.The production of the shaped edge profile of the driver-hole, after the EB, is an open point. In order to demonstrate the possibility to produce the PDP by explosion bonding, the manufacturing of a full scale prototype of the area just around one of the PDP driver-holes was identified as the road to address most of the manufacturing issues.Elasto-plastic finite element analyses have been carried out to improve the hole rim geometry and the process parameters of all the manufacturing steps. A full scale prototype of the PDP driver-hole has been manufactured and tested.This contribution gives an overview of the R&D activities carried out to address the main open issues, to define the PDP component detailed geometry and its manufacturing processes, via EB technique.     

Data Acquisition and Analysis on the High Resolution Magnetic Spectrometers at LAMPF

The data acquisition and analysis system for LAMPF'S high resolution magnetic spectrometers, HRS and EPICS, consists of two on-line PDP-11/45 computers and an off-line PDP-11/60 for analysis of taped data. Each system has 124K words of memory and runs under DEC's RSX-11D operating system. The on-line computers are interfaced to several CAMAC crates through a Microprogrammable Branch Driver (MBD). Each system is also equipped with two Tektronix 4010 terminals, a Versatec printer/plotter, at least one RK05 disk drive, a 9 track 75 IPS 800/1600 BPI Kennedy tape drive, and a 40MB Diva/Calcomp disk drive system which is compatible with DEC software for their RP03. The software developed for these systems was designed to meet the goals of flexibility and speed of analysis for multiparameter data (20-100 words/event). The LAMPF standard data aquisition package "O" and its associated routines for histogram management are used as the basis of the system. A number of additional features have been added whose usefulness appears to he common to most experiments of this type.     

Synthesis of 11C-CIC for PET Imaging of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disorder of central nervous system. Imaging of myelin tracts in vivo would greatly improve the diagnosis and monitoring of MS. The ¹¹C-CIC was synthesized with¹¹C-CH₃-Triflate at high yields, and was confirmed by biodistribution and imaging. ¹¹C-CH₃-Triflate was distilled and trapped into a reaction vial containing the 2 mg precursor. The final production was purified by semi-HPLC to get¹¹C-CIC. The in vitro stability of¹¹C-CIC was studied at RT with or without Vc. The normal NH mice were sacrificed at different time after injection of¹¹C-CIC for biodistribution. The micro PET/CT was performed at 30 min post-injection. The radiochemical yield was 55% 65% decay corrected to¹¹CH₃-Triflate. The radiochemical purity was over 99% at specific activity of 60 GBq/μmoL. The HPLC showed the poor stability of¹¹C-CIC in vitro. The¹¹C-CIC was very stable after the 10 g/L Vc used as stabilizer. The initial uptake of the cerebrum was 2.78%ID/g. The radioactivity were excreted from the digestive system and urine. The micro PET/CT imaging showed good uptake in the cerebrum. The stability of¹¹C-CIC can be improved with Vc as stabilizer. The¹¹C-CIC was a candidate for imaging of myelin tracts for diagnosis or monitor MS.     

A VAX Based Data Acquisition Computer System at the Nuclear Structure Research Laboratory

The Nuclear Structure Research Laboratory at the University of Rochester is developing a VAX-11/750 computer system for use in a data acquisition and analysis system. The system consists of the VAX which is networked to two LSI-11/23's which are in turn connected to CAMAC branch drivers. The CAMAC branch drivers operate both parallel and 5 MHz byte-serial highways. The network is a high speed DMA interface and is identical to the system implemented at the W.K. Kellogg Radiation Laboratory[l]. The data acquisition system has been designed to allow the user to select standard program modules as building blocks to construct a system to suit the particular needs of the experiment. The division of the realtime analysis between the VAX and the LSI-11s is flexible. The LSI-11s are equipped with small array processors tlo permit high speed analysis on the satellite processors.     

A New Method for Measuring the Wall Charge Waveforms of AC PDP

A new method is developed to measure the wall charge waveforms in coplanar alternating current plasma display panel (AC PDP). In the method, two groups of display electrodes are selected from a coplanar AC PDP and two capacitors are respectively connected with thesetwo groups of display electrodes in series, and a measuring circuit and a reference circuit are thus constructed. With the help of special processing, discharge takes place in the cells included in the measuring circuit under a normal drive voltage but no discharge takes place in the cells included in the reference circuit under a normal drive voltage. The wall charge waveforms are obtained from the voltage difference between the two capacitors. Using the method, the wall charge waveforms are measured during resetting period, addressing period and sustaining period for the 304.8 mm (12-inch) test PDP panel. The result shows that the wall voltage is about 96 V during the sustaining period.     

广东省放射性地质环境监测数据管理信息系统建设及应用

采用C#开发语言,以Oracle 11G为数据存储库,用ArcSDE 10.2进行空间数据交换,建立了包括陆地γ辐射剂量率、就地γ能谱,水体、底泥、土壤、岩石等样品子库,通过系统集成,建成了广东省放射性地质环境监测数据管理信息系统。该系统具有功能齐全、通用性强、系统稳定、运行效率高、制图智能化、界面友好美观等优点,为广东省辐射环境监督管理提供可靠的技术支撑。     

Numerical Simulation of the Discharge Efficiency in Five-electrode AC PDP

A new type of AC PDP (alternating current plasma display panel) cell with a fiveelectrode structure is developed to improve the luminous efficiency of AC PDP, The discharge efficiency of this new cell structure is investigated by a 2D fluid simulation. Continuity equations and flux density equations for charged particles and excited atoms, energy balance equation for electrons are included in the model. The discharge gas is He 5%Xe. The reactions of ionization, excitation, recombination, and radiation are taken into account. The vacuum ultraviolet radiation efficiency of the five-electrode cell structure is about 20% higher than that of a conventional three-electrode cell structure.     

微处理器中子单粒子效应测试系统设计与试验研究

为开展微处理器的空间大气中子单粒子效应研究,以一款TI公司65 nm CMOS工艺的微处理器为研究对象,研制了一套微处理器中子单粒子效应测试系统。该测试系统可实现对被测微处理器的单粒子翻转、单粒子功能中断和单粒子闩锁效应的实时监测。利用加速器中子源,对该微处理器开展14 MeV中子辐照试验。试验结果表明,中子注量累积达3?5×1011 cm-2时,该器件未发生单粒子锁定效应。但总线通信、模数转换等功能模块发生了多次单粒子功能中断,其中集成总线通信接口模块为最敏感单位,试验获得的器件中子单粒子效应截面为6?6×10-11 cm2。     

HGL-1环境γ连续监测仪

本文叙述一种环境γ连续监测仪,主要用于核设施区域外环境监测,也可用于地区环境γ本底调查。它由球形高气压电离室MOSFET静电计,PC-1500袖珍计算机组成,可以连续进行监测,自动记录和处理数据,打印输出,其量程为0.258—129nC/kg·h。     

BWR online monitoring system based on noise analysis

A monitoring system for during operation early detection of an anomaly and/or faulty behavior of equipment and systems related to the dynamics of a boiling water reactor (BWR) has been developed. The monitoring system is based on the analysis of the “noise” or fluctuations of a signal from a sensor or measurement device. An efficient prime factor algorithm to compute the fast Fourier transform allows the continuous, real-time comparison of the normalized power spectrum density function of the signal against previously stored reference patterns in a continuously evolving matrix.The monitoring system has been successfully tested offline. Four examples of the application of the monitoring system to the detection and diagnostic of faulty equipment behavior are presented in this work: the detection of two different events of partial blockage at the jet pump inlet nozzle, miss-calibration of a recirculation mass flow sensor, and detection of a faulty data acquisition card. The events occurred at the two BWR Units of the Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant.The monitoring system and its possible coupling to the data and processing information system of the Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant are described. The signal processing methodology is presented along with the introduction of the application of the evolutionary matrix concept for determining the base signature of reactor equipment or component and the detection of off normal operation conditions.     

Studies on fluid model for numerical simulation of gas discharges in color plasma displays

The fluid models of gas discharge in alternating current plasma display panel (AC PDP) cell are discussed.From the Boltzmann equation, the hydrodynamic equations are derived, but this model consumes much computational time for simulation. The drift-diffusion approximation model and the local field approximation model are obtained to simplify the numerical computation, and the approximation conditions of these two models are discussed in detail. The drift-diffusion approximation model gives more satisfactory result for PDP simulation, and the expression of energy balance equation is given completely in this model.