国内外稀散元素镓铟锗的提取技术

稀散金属镓、铟、锗是重要的高新技术材料，本文简要地论述了国内外对镓、铟、锗的提取技术状况。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅锌矿中镓铟锗铊

稀散元素是铅锌矿石中重要的伴生元素,为了综合利用铅锌矿资源,在地质、选矿上经常要考查稀散元素镓、锗、铟、铊的含量。研究了利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅锌矿中镓、铟、锗、铊4种稀散元素,选取了最佳仪器分析条件,通过在线加入内标校正基体效应和接口效应,检出限分别为0.02μg·g-1、0.01μg·g-1、0.03μg·g-1和0.05μg·g-1,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.85%~2.84%,回收率在93.3%~102.3%之间,明显优于其他分析方法。该方法样品前处理简便、快捷,测定结果准确,令人满意。     

用立德粉废渣生产多种产品

我厂在生产立德粉产品的过程中,要产生一些废渣,每年积累约有上千吨左右,不仅污染农田、环境,危害农作物生长,而且还造成了废渣中铅、镉、铜、锌以及锗、镓、铟、铊等数种金属元素的浪费。     

净化渣制取碱式碳酸锌及富集铟锗的工艺研究

介绍了用净化渣生产碱式碳酸锌、富铟渣和锗精矿的生产原理、工艺流程、工艺条件。该法生产成本低，金属回收率高（Zn90.2%,In85.95,Ge76.0%），生产出优级品碱式碳酸锌，还能富集到含镉50％－60％的海棉镉，含铟4％－5％的富铟渣和含锗8％左右的锗精矿。     

稀散金属镓、铟的富集与分离

简要地介绍了稀散金属镓、铟富集与分离的研究现状。     

天然橡胶列入欧盟关键原材料名单

<正>欧盟委员会近期更新了"关键原材料名单",在对78种重要原材料进行评估后,将27种关键原材料纳入稀缺名单。这是欧盟自2008年将原材料战略提升为区域战略以来第2次更新原材料名单。在欧盟此次更新的名单中,除了保留2014版名单中的18种关键原材料外,还新增了9种稀缺原材料。保留的18种关键原材料分别为锑、铍、硼酸盐、钴、焦煤、萤石、镓、锗、铟、菱矿石、天然石墨、     

从烟尘中提炼锗和镓

元素中间有许多是很稀少的,就因为稀少的关系,所以经过很长的时期,没有受到科学和工业界的注意和利用。以锗和镓而论,锗于1886年发现,镓于1875年发现,到现在已六、七十年了,一向是默默无闻,毫无发展,直到上次世界大战期间,由于许多科学家的密切合作,对于这两种元素的提炼、性质和用途有新的发见,这在科学和工业上当然是值得注意的。含这两种金属较多的唯一主要矿石是锗铜矿,主要的是铜和其他金属的硫砷化合物,含锗约5—10%,镓0.3—0.8%。这两种金属在某种锌矿石中亦含少量,在美国常于净化供制造电解锌需用的硫酸锌溶液时所得的沉淀中取得,在英国则     

含铬钒饼综合利用技术研究

钒钛磁铁矿伴生有钪、镓、铬、镍、钴、铟、锗等稀贵金属,特别是红格南矿中的铬含量约为0.3%。在钒钛磁铁矿综合利用生产过程中会产生较多的含铬钒饼,由于钒、铬两种元素的物理化学性质极其相似,长期以来钒与铬的分离难题一直横亘在含铬钒饼资源化利用技术发展的道路上,亟待解决。本文在阐述含铬钒饼资源化利用技术研究必要性的基础上,讨论了含铬钒饼的资源利用现状,介绍了不同含铬钒饼资源化利用技术及其优缺点,并提出了加强含铬钒饼资源化利用的建议。     

Rasa工业扩大镓资源回收业务

精细电气化工对镓资源的需求不断扩大,生产过程中产生一定量的工业废渣,其中含有的镓元素得不到有效回收利用,造成资源浪费。日本Rasa工业(ラサ工業株式会社)对此进行了研究,从废渣中提取的镓可用于制备发光二极管(LED)所需的氮化镓,还可制备铟镓锌氧化物(IGZO)和铜铟     

粉煤灰的特性及多种元素提取方法研究

粉煤灰作为一种新型的矿产资源，可综合提取硅、铝、铁、碳、钛、镓和锗等物质。文章在对粉煤灰的特性和目前国内外各种提取方法进行比较研究的基础上，提出了目前粉煤灰精细化利用中存在的部题，并为粉煤灰综合提取多种元素设计了一套工艺路线。     

变色颜料

变色颜料严格地讲,应属于无机颜料,但许多变色颜料都是和传统的有机颜料复合使用,使传统的颜料、涂料工业以及防伪油墨等受到了极大的挑战,充满了商机。本文综述了变色颜料的最新发展,重点介绍了变色颜料的结构、光可变机理、随视角变化的CIELAB色彩空间坐标图及加工工艺。     

铝阳极氧化膜在SeO_3~(2-)溶液中电解着色

铝阳极氧化膜在SeO_3~(2-)溶液中电解着色时在一定工艺条件下出现饱和色。增加着色电压、电流及槽液中SeO_3~(2-)浓度均不能加深饱和色;而改变槽液温度、活化条件可改变饱和色,但最深色调为桔红色。若在SeO_3~(2-)着色液中添加Cu~(2+)不再显示饱和色,可得到从浅黄到灰色等着色膜。通过分析膜层中Se及Cu含量,说明了Cu与Se发生了共沉积。     

H酸偶氮类试剂的合成及应用研究

以H酸钠盐为主要反应物,在其基本骨架上链接各种分析功能团,制备了7-(邻-羧基苯偶氮)-8-羟基-1-氨基-3,6-萘二磺酸,检测了它与20多种金属离子在不同酸度下的显色反应,特别对它与Cu2+的显色反应做了系统的研究。     

未来的彩妆品市场

近年来单纯的彩妆品销售逐渐下滑,结合护肤技术的彩妆是未来发展的趋势.现在一些护肤技术已经用于彩妆及其他化妆品中,表明彩妆和护肤技术之间的界线逐渐被跨越.包括雅芳、娇兰、雅诗兰黛、香乃尔、纪凡希和露华浓等公司纷纷推出了融合护肤技术的新产品,这些护肤技术有抗皮脂防皱作用、抗衰老作用、保湿作用、丰润作用和长效作用等.实践证明,融合了护肤技术的彩妆,符合市场发展的规律,使消费者得到多功能、多用途的产品,而商家则获得了更多的利润.然而两者之间的进一步融合还有很多问题需要解决,未来的彩妆市场将能够与整容市场相抗衡.     

Computer-Vision System for Control of Drying Processes

Computer-vision system (CVS) for control of a drying process with a portable CCD camera with IEEE-1396 interface and configurable software LabView 7.0 and IMAQ^TM 6.1 was developed. An object area was continuously monitored through the CVS by extracting the green plane from the RGB color space followed by thresholding and pixel counting. An object color was continuously monitored through the CVS as color intensity in the hue-saturation-intensity (HSI) color space. The observability of a drying process was provided due to online image analysis and correlation of image attributes (area, color, texture) with physical parameters of drying (moisture, quality). A relationship between area shrinkage and moisture content was used for online estimation of actual moisture content. A relationship between color intensity and quality was used for online estimation of quality degradation.

Experimental study of the CVS for ginseng drying showed advantages of computer-vision for online monitoring of important state variables, such as moisture content and material quality. Color measurements demonstrated high sensitivity of quality to drying conditions: drying at 50°C resulted in significant color changes and unacceptable quality degradation. The quality of roots in three-stage (38-50-38°C) drying process was compatible with recommended isothermal (38°C) drying due to significant (30-40%) reduction of drying time. This control strategy was used in a pilot batch dryer for temperature control with respect to quality. Testing of a pilot dryer with embedded CVS proved stability and robustness of control strategy, combined with high accuracy in the estimation of moisture content (8-14% of error with 95% confidence). The composite moisture measurements at the endpoint demonstrated uniform drying of root mixture to target moisture content 0.1 g/g (db) with minor variations between individual roots in the range of 0.07-0.12 g/g.     

无毒染毛剂的研发

天然色素X在溶胀的毛发中与三价的铁离子螫合形成络合物而显色，在实验条件下，毛发的色牢度随X的增加而升高；当X的含量由1％上升到6％时，染色牢度由1-2级上升到3～4级，毛发染液的pH值由8上升到12时，色牢度由1～2级上升到4～5级，pH值为10时最好。染色温度在35℃-45℃，30分钟，染色牢度为4～5级，效果最佳。     

溶胶-凝胶法用于活性染料固色的初步研究

将溶胶-凝胶法用于活性染料的固色处理，对4只活性染料研究了染色后皂煮和不皂煮两种情况下的固色效果，对于染色后皂煮的活性染料染色布样，经溶胶-凝胶处理后，皂洗牢度和湿熨烫牢度的原样变色略有下降，白布沾色提高，△E值均有所降低；对于染色后不皂煮的活性染料染色布样，皂洗牢度和湿烫牢度的原样变色和白布沾色均提高0.5～2.0级。对其固色机理进行了初步探讨.     

多功能分散剂对色母粒性能的影响

研究了分散剂YY–5023及其与聚乙烯(PE)蜡复配对色母粒中酞青蓝分散性的影响。结果表明,随着分散剂用量的增加,色母粒的熔体流动速率(MFR)增大,平衡扭矩降低,达到最大扭矩所需时间延长;当YY–5023用量为2%和4%时,平衡扭矩分别为5.3 N·m和4.4 N·m,比未添加分散剂时的平衡扭矩分别下降28.4%和40.5%,达到最大扭矩的时间分别为53.5 s和57.3 s;复合分散剂(YY-5023与PE蜡配比为1∶1)用量为2%和4%时,平衡扭矩分别为5.7 N·m和5.1 N·m,比未添加分散剂时的平衡扭矩分别下降23.0%和31.1%,达到最大扭矩的时间分别为48.5 s和52.3 s。当复合分散剂用量为2%时,色母粒中酞青蓝的分散效果最好,L*值、a*值、b*值分别为34.19,-9.82,-31.82,低密度聚乙烯薄膜表面的色点和晶点数目小于3个。     

Influence of a holistic color interval on color harmony

This study investigates how a holistic color interval, i.e., the nondirectional color difference between a pair of colors in a CIELAB uniform color space, influences perceived color harmony. A set of 1035 test color pairs displayed on a CRT was evaluated for the degree of harmony. These test color pairs consist of pairs combined from among the selected 46 test colors evenly distributed in color space. The subjects were asked to select their three preferred colors from these 46 test colors and then to evaluate the degree of harmony of the test color combinations. The color intervals (ΔE) of each test color combination were calculated and treated as values of an independent variable. In addition, the evaluated degrees of color harmony were considered as values of a dependent variable, in which statistical analysis confirmed the relationship: the degree of harmony is a cubic function of the color interval. Moreover, the plot of this relationship allowed us to identify four color intervals: roughly corresponding to the regions of first ambiguity, similarity, second ambiguity, and contrast in Moon and Spencer's model. However, our results indicated that Moon and Spencer's principles for classifying harmonious/disharmonious regions in terms of the color interval for three color attributes—lightness, chroma and hue—may be inappropriate in predicting perceived color harmony. As for the color intervals between a pair of colors considered as a function of the three attributes, the interval for lightness may have a predominant effect on color harmony, expressed in terms of a cubic relationship. Results of the study further demonstrated that the subject's choice of colors significantly influences perceived color harmony. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 26, 29–39, 2001     

改善聚乙烯醇产品色相的探讨

随着聚乙烯醇产品应用领域的不断扩大,国内外客户对聚乙烯醇产品色相的要求越来越高。国外聚乙烯醇厂家（如：日本可乐丽）生产的聚乙烯醇产品的色度指数为2．0-10．0,而国内聚乙烯醇产品的色度指数为4．0-35．0。因此,降低聚乙烯醇产品的色度指数,提高其市场竞争力具有重要意义。本文重点结合聚乙烯醇醇解反应机理和生产过程中的实际生产措施,分析探讨了影响聚乙烯醇产品色相的因素,并提出了相应的改进措施。