基于ICA的智能数字水印技术

该文提出了一种基于智能信息分析方法--独立分量分析的智能数字水印新算法。水印嵌入之前先对其进行预处理,嵌入过程可以在图像任意作用域中实现,并给出了小波域中的一种闭环嵌入方法。水印嵌入的强度由小波域视觉模型决定。在不需要任何原始图像、水印和攻击类型等信息的情况下,该算法不仅可以检测到水印而且可以完全提取水印,实现了真正意义上的水印盲检测,并对多个水印嵌入的情况也可以进行水印提取。水印检测的精确程度取决于图像与水印之间的独立性以及所采用的密钥。实验过程中攻击由通用水印测试软件Stirmark产生,实验数据证明本文提出的水印算法对Stirmark提供的各种攻击剪切、滤波、图象压缩、删行、删列、几何攻击以及多种攻击同时存在时都具有很好的鲁棒性。     

一种基于DWT域的多目的彩色音频水印算法

提出一种在DWT域嵌入彩色图像水印的多目的音频水印算法。该算法利用方块截短编码技术对彩色图像进行压缩,然后把水印信息嵌入到原始音频信号的二级小波变换后的低频分量系数中,这样就可以嵌入与提取水印图像,同时也起到了保护版权的作用。最后根据嵌入水印后的音频文件的自身特性生成秘钥,用以检测音频文件是否受到了篡改等攻击。     

一种安全的数字音频水印方案

提出一种安全的数字音频水印算法,利用密钥生成的序列作为水印同步码,并在时间域嵌入同步码。水印信息采用分块结构化编码方式,水印分块中采用校验码机制,水印内容采用量化方式嵌入在小波变换域,水印分块在音频段中循环冗余嵌入方式,以抵抗同步攻击的能力。提出的算法不仅具有较好的不可感知性,对低通滤波、噪声、重量化、重采样、MP3压缩等信号处理具有较好的鲁棒性;同时对抵抗随机裁剪攻击、抖动攻击、时间延展等同步攻击具有很好的鲁棒性。     

基于BCH和JND的小波域数字图像水印算法

为了提高数字图像水印的鲁棒性,提出一种结合BCH码和JND模型的小波域数字图像水印算法.该算法采用Ar-nold变换和BCH码对二值水印图像进行置乱加密以及编码,对载体图像分块后再进行二维离散小波变换,将加密并且编码后的水印信息嵌入到载体图像各子块的二维离散小波变换的低频子带中,嵌入强度根据载体图像的JND值自适应的选取.实验结果表明,水印的透明性很好,在遭受不同类型和强度的水印攻击时,具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于Turbo码的DCT域直流分量图像水印算法

文中提出了一种基于Turbo码的DCT变换域直流分量图像水印算法。首先对原始水印信息进行伪随机置乱,接着对置乱的水印进行Turbo编码并进行BPSK调制,生成待嵌入的水印信息。在充分考虑人眼视觉特性的基础上,分别采用两种方式将水印嵌入到DCT变换系数的De分量中,并进行性能比较。丈中对算法在多种常见的攻击如JPEG压缩、噪声、剪切、滤波下进行了仿真。实验结果表明,利用该算法实现的水印具有良好的不可见性和鲁棒性。特别是非自适应加性嵌入方式对JPEG压缩攻击具有很强的鲁棒性。     

一种与JPEG图像压缩编码结合的细胞自动机域盲水印算法

该文结合JPEG图像压缩编码和细胞自动机,提出一种用于JPEG压缩图像的数字盲水印算法。该算法先用Moore型细胞自动机对水印图像进行置乱;随后用2维正交细胞自动机变换将原始灰度图像进行分解,并在分解后得到的低频细胞自动机域系数中嵌入置乱后的水印信息。最后将嵌入了水印的图像按JPEG图像压缩标准进行编码。水印的提取是在解码过程中进行的。实验结果表明,该水印算法有较好的隐藏性;对常见的攻击如JPEG压缩、滤波、剪切、旋转以及加性噪声攻击等有较好的鲁棒性。     

抗噪声、几何失真和JPEG压缩攻击的鲁棒数字水印方案

该文提出了一个抗噪声、几何失真和JPEG压缩攻击的鲁棒数字水印方案,首先对原始水印信息进行置乱变换,然后再进行Turbo码编码以及扩频、合成,产生CDMA水印信息,在充分考虑人眼视觉特性的基础上确定编码水印在DWT和DCT混合变换域的嵌入位置和强度。为了减小水印提取过程中多址干扰(MAI)的影响,通过采用好的编译码方法(Turbo码)降低接收机检测门限来实现。实验结果表明,应用该文提出的数字水印方案,水印的安全性有了很大提高,而且,在保证水印不可见的情况下,水印容量大大增加了。更重要的是,对剪切、平移、旋转等各种几何失真攻击以及噪音攻击、JPEG压缩、滤波等常见的信号处理都具有极强的鲁棒性,即使嵌有水印的图像遭受攻击后质量损伤严重,水印图像还是能够清晰地提取出来。     

基于重同步的高容量鲁棒图像水印算法

如何有效地抵抗组合几何攻击,并且提高水印的嵌入容量,一直是数字水印领域一个具有挑战性的课题.针对此种状况,本文提出了一种抗组合几何攻击,且嵌入容量较大的水印算法.首先利用SURF算法从受攻击的图像提取特征点,并与原图像中的少量鲁棒性较强的特征点匹配,根据特征点对间的坐标关系准确估计出仿射矩阵;然后根据仿射矩阵对失真的图像进行几何校正,恢复水印的重同步.由于几何攻击与还原过程中的像素插值仍会导致变换域水印的位置发生细微的误差,本文在空间域嵌入一层定位水印以便精准地同步;最后,考虑到LT码具有良好的纠删性能,因而先将变换域水印信息进行LT码编码,以尽量提高算法的抗剪切性能.实验结果表明,该算法不仅实现了较高容量的嵌入,而且对于剪切、组合几何攻击具有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于伪Zernike矩的抗几何攻击图像水印

针对几何攻击容易使常规水印算法检测失败的问题,利用图像伪Zernike矩的幅度具有旋转不变的性质,提出了一种抗几何攻击图像水印算法(GWPZM).首先计算图像的伪Zernike矩,选择适宜于嵌入水印的矩进行幅度改变量测试.筛选出最优矩集合,根据水印比特自适应地修改集合中的矩,并对差矢量进行伪Zernike矩重构,通过将重构图像在空域迭加到原始图像中嵌入水印.水印检测时,首先计算受攻击图像的伪Zernike矩,以最优矩集合作为密钥,通过与原始图像比较矩的幅度提取水印.实验结果表明,GWPZM算法能够抵抗旋转、缩放攻击、二者组合攻击以及JPEG压缩、噪声等常规攻击.     

基于压缩感知的鲁棒可分离的密文域水印算法

为了满足密文域水印嵌入的需要,该文基于压缩感知技术,提出一种鲁棒可分离的密文域水印算法。首先,内容拥有者将图像进行不重叠分块,利用边缘检测手段划分重要块和非重要块。重要块用传统加密方式进行加密,非重要块用压缩感知技术进行加密,同时为水印嵌入留出一定空间,然后根据嵌入密钥,实现二值水印的密文嵌入。在接收端获取图像内容和水印的方式是可分离的,同时根据含水印的密文图像块的像素分布特性可重新判断块的属性,避免了传输块属性信息。此外,水印信息重复4次嵌入在密文图像的不同区域,保证了水印的鲁棒性。实验结果显示所提方案在抵抗适度攻击时具有鲁棒性和安全性。     

An Integrated Approach to Image Watermarking and JPEG-2000 Compression

A scheme which integrates image compression and image watermarking in an effective way is proposed in this research. The image compression scheme under consideration is EBCOT (Embedded Block Coding with Optimized Truncation) which has been adopted in the verification model (VM) of the emerging JPEG-2000 image compression standard. The watermark is embedded during the process when the compressed bit-stream is formed, and can be detected on the fly in image decoding. Thus, watermark embedding and retrieval can be done very efficiently in comparison with other existing watermarking schemes. In addition to efficiency, the proposed scheme has many interesting features. The embedded watermark is robust against various signal processing attacks such as coding and filtering while the watermarked image maintains good perceptual quality. The watermark retrieval procedure does not require the knowledge of the original image. Furthermore, the watermark can be detected progressively and region of interest (ROI) watermarking can be accomplished easily.     

Performance analysis for geometrical attack on digital image watermarking

We present a technique for irreversible watermarking approach robust to affine transform attacks in camera, biomedical and satellite images stored in the form of monochrome bitmap images. The watermarking approach is based on image normalisation in which both watermark embedding and extraction are carried out with respect to an image normalised to meet a set of predefined moment criteria. The normalisation procedure is invariant to affine transform attacks. The result of watermarking scheme is suitable for public watermarking applications, where the original image is not available for watermark extraction. Here, direct-sequence code division multiple access approach is used to embed multibit text information in DCT and DWT transform domains. The proposed watermarking schemes are robust against various types of attacks such as Gaussian noise, shearing, scaling, rotation, flipping, affine transform, signal processing and JPEG compression. Performance analysis results are measured using image processing metrics.     

Recover the tampered image based on VQ indexing

In this paper, a tampered image recovery scheme is proposed by creating an index table of the original image via vector quantization (VQ) and embedding it into the original image as a basis for recovery. In order to complete the goal of image authentication and recovery, Wong's watermarking scheme [P.W. Wong, N. Memon, Secret an public key image watermarking schemes for image authentication and ownership verification, IEEE Trans. Image Process 10 (10) (2001) 1593–1601] is employed to perform tamper detection. Wong's watermarking scheme can be used to accurately locate tampered regions. If an image has been tampered, the index table can be used to recover the tampered regions. The experimental results indicate that our scheme has the higher probability of image recovery. Besides, compared with Lee and Lin's [Dual watermark for image tamper detection and recovery, Pattern Recognition 41 (2008) 3497–3506] scheme, our scheme provides not only a better quality of recovered images but also better results at edge regions.     

Semi-fragile image watermarking method based on index constrained vector quantisation

A novel semi-fragile digital image watermarking method is presented, based on index constrained vector quantisation, which embeds the watermark information into the compressed bit streams. Simulation results show that the proposed method is robust to JPEG compression and VQ compression with high-performance codebooks but fragile to other image processing operations.     

能区分图像或水印篡改的脆弱水印方案

针对现有脆弱型水印方案不能区分是图像内容还是水印被篡改的问题,提出一种能区分图像或水印篡改的脆弱水印方案.该方案用原始图像高7位的小波低频系数非均匀量化后生成的低频压缩图像作为水印,并用混沌系统对水印进行置乱加密,将安全性得到增强的水印直接嵌入到图像的LSB位;认证时通过差值图像定位图像内容被篡改的位置并指出图像中的水印是否被篡改.理论分析和仿真实验表明:该算法不但能精确定位图像内容被篡改的位置,而且能区分是图像内容被篡改、水印被篡改还是两者同时被篡改.     

A Study of Steganographic Image Security

In this dissertation, sereral key problems in the field of steganographic image security are mainly studied and discussed: (1) A novel kind of image cryptosystem is studied. The encrypted information of secret image is embedded into an ordinary image, which can be transmitted publicly, and it will not cause attention of illegal eavesdropper. The following results are achieved: (a) The image hiding algorithm and its improved algorithm based on wavelet transform and vector quantization are propo…     

Grouping strategies for promoting image quality of watermarking on the basis of vector quantization

In this paper, a novel vector quantization (VQ)-based digital image watermarking scheme is proposed which retains high image quality even after embedding. The general scheme of watermarking is to embed a representative digital watermark in the protected image to claim the ownership. The robustness of watermark is important; however, the imperceptibility of embedded images also cannot be ignored. In previous papers, existing greedy technique to group codewords often results in low quality of stego-images. As an improvement to the existing techniques, two new grouping strategies, codebook-sort grouping and bipartite-match grouping are proposed in this paper to improve the quality of stego-images. Moreover, a new VQ encoder, called as shortest-group encoding method is proposed to replace the traditional VQ encoder in the purpose of embedding. Finally, in order to improve the grouping flexibility, two kinds of weights are considered in our approach. Experimental results show that all of the above approaches can improve the quality of stego-images on VQ-based watermarking.     

大容量多通道数字水印算法

现有许多数字水印算法基本上都是针对灰度图像的,彩色图像数字水印算法尚未得到充分研究,且所能嵌入水印的容量也不够大。本文提出的大容量多通道数字水印算法对这一问题进行了研究。该算法以彩色图像作为原始载体,通过数字水印压缩编码,载体图像颜色空间转换,彩色分量分块离散余弦变换,结合人眼视觉系统确定水印嵌入位置等措施,将二维水印图像嵌入到原始彩色载体图像中,且能嵌入较大容量的水印图像。实验结果表明,该算法不仅提高了水印容量,且对剪切、模糊、锐化等有损攻击具有良好的健壮性。     

基于排序和去噪的广义差值扩展可逆水印

针对可逆水印中常用的位置图的两点不足:占用大量空间和压缩处理成本高,提出了一种不使用位置图的大容量可逆水印算法.首先将宿主图像分块;然后计算每个像素块的平滑度近似值,该值在水印信息嵌入前后保持不变;依据平滑度近似值对像素块进行稳定的升序排序;最后,根据信息隐藏量的大小,按照排序选取适当数量的像素块,滤除像素块中的差值噪声,利用广义差值扩展嵌入水印.实验结果表明在相同PNSR下,该算法的信息隐藏量高于同类算法.