谷物中赭曲霉毒素A化学发光酶免疫分析法的建立

建立了间接竞争化学发光酶免疫法检测赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA),该方法IC50为112 pg/mL,检出限是2.47 pg/mL,平均批内和批间变异系数分别为7.03%和14.7%。在大米和小麦样本中添加浓度1.5～6μg/kg的OTA标品,平均回收率在66.97%～97.96%之间,与其他常见真菌毒素未见交叉反应。将该方法应用于30份谷物样本(包括20份大米样本和10份小麦样本)中OTA的检测,检测结果与商品化ELISA试剂盒的相关系数R2=0.942 4。该方法简单、灵敏、快速、准确适用于谷物中OTA的检测。     

同时检测动物性食品中6种β-受体激动剂的化学发光免疫分析方法的建立

建立同时测定动物性食品中6种β-受体激动剂(克伦特罗、西马特罗、溴布特罗、班布特罗、马布特罗和西布特罗)残留的化学发光免疫分析方法。结果表明:6种β-受体激动剂在猪肉样品中的检测限(limit of detection,LOD)分别为0.48、1.96、0.41、0.29、0.42、0.87μg/kg,在羊肉样品中的LOD分别为0.37、1.78、0.43、0.38、0.31、0.96μg/kg;样本的平均添加回收率为66.7%~106.4%,且批内、批间相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)均小于15%。在最优条件下,西马特罗的50%抑制质量浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC_(50))为0.254μg/L,克伦特罗、溴布特罗、班布特罗、马布特罗和西布特罗与西马特罗的交叉反应率分别为438.0%、470.0%、434.0%、561.0%和198.0%。同时,比较化学发光免疫分析方法和液相色谱-串联质谱(liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric,LC-MS/MS)法的检测结果,表明化学发光免疫分析方法具有较高的准确度和可靠性。因此,化学发光免疫分析方法能够实现动物性食品中多种β-受体激动剂药物残留的快速检测,且灵敏度较高。     

基于吖啶酯-磁微球的自动化学发光免疫法检测赭曲霉毒素A

该研究建立了一种基于吖啶酯-磁微球的自动化学发光免疫法（Chemiluminescence Immunoassay,CLIA）检测牛奶中的赭曲霉毒素A（Ochratoxin A,OTA）。采用磁微球偶联二抗,吖啶酯标记OTA-BSA偶联物,优化了磁微球浓度、OTA抗体浓度、吖啶酯标记物浓度、抗体和标记物稀释液、反应时间、样品预处理条件等各种CLIA方法的试验条件。结果表明,CLIA方法对OTA的检出限为6.38 ng/kg,半抑制浓度（IC50）为31.40 ng/kg,线性范围为11.23~99.20 ng/kg,批内和批间的变异系数<8%;测定牛奶样品中的OTA时,检出限为25.52 ng/kg,IC50为125.60 ng/kg,线性范围为44.92~396.80 ng/kg,添加回收率为95.08%~105.83%;对赭曲霉毒素B、赭曲霉毒素C的交叉反应率为6.52%和24.57%,对其他真菌毒素均无明显的交叉反应;对牛奶样品的检测结果与高效液相色谱-串联质谱法一致;且CLIA方法的试剂能在2~8 ℃稳定保存9个月以上。该研究建立的CLIA方法,具有灵敏、准确、快速和操作便捷等特点,检测时长仅30 min,尤其适用于大规模牛奶样品中OTA残留的快速筛查。     

全自动免疫亲和在线净化—高效液相色谱法快速测定粮食中赭曲霉毒素A

建立了全自动免疫亲和在线净化-高效液相色谱法快速测定粮食中赭曲霉毒素A(Ochtatoxin A,OTA)的方法。玉米、小麦样品经乙腈-水(60:40,V:V)提取,3%Tween-20(m/V)水溶液10倍稀释后,用自动进样器注入RIDA~? REST在线固相萃取系统,经赭曲霉毒素A免疫亲和小柱净化后,以乙腈-2%乙酸水(50:50,V:V)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL/min,C18色谱柱(150 mm×3.5 mm,3.5μm)分离,荧光检测器测定。根据3倍信噪比的峰响应值,确定赭曲霉毒素A的检出限为0.24μg/kg,在0.012 5～0.5μg/L范围内呈线性相关,R~2值为0.999 8;在玉米、小麦样品中加标回收率为80.1%～106.9%,变异系数为2.4%～8.2%。本方法一次装柱可检测60个样品,24 h可检测100个样品,满足谷物中赭曲霉毒素A快速准确定量检测的需要。     

赭曲霉毒素A人工抗原的合成与鉴定

采用N-羟琥珀酰亚胺酯(N-hydroxysuccinimide NHS)法将赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)偶联制备了免疫抗原OTA-BSA,采用1-乙基-3(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(EDC)法将赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)与卵清白蛋白(OVA)偶联制备了包被抗原OTA-OVA。紫外扫描和SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳结果初步表明偶联成功。用OTA-BSA分10μg/只和50μg/只两个剂量分别免疫BALB/C小鼠,获得了高效价的特异性多克隆抗血清,效价可达1∶104,抑制效价达14.7ng,证明偶联成功,并显示低剂量免疫可以提高小鼠pAb的敏感性。本研究为OTA单抗的制备及其免疫学分析方法的建立奠定了基础。     

木薯叶粉中赭曲霉毒素A快速检测方法的建立

目的 开发快速检测方法检测木薯叶粉中的赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxins A, OTA)。方法 利用单克隆抗体和酶标抗原, 建立了竞争酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)快速检测方法。用不同浓度的氯化钠甲醇水溶液、乙腈和磷酸盐缓冲液等作为样本提取液提取木薯叶粉中OTA, 用活性炭和稀释法减少样本基质干扰。结果 ELISA灵敏度为0.2 ng/mL, IC50为0.878 ng/mL。木薯叶粉用含氯化钠的70%甲醇水溶液提取, 离心后取上清5倍稀释, 样本回收率80%~121%, 检测限为5 μg/kg, 满足国标规定食品中OTA不超过5 μg/kg的要求, 检测时间为30 min, 一次可批量检测90个样本。结论 用本研究建立的ELISA方法检测木薯叶粉及其食品中的OTA含量结果准确、操作简单、成本低、时间短、重复性好, 适合基层批量筛查。     

赭曲霉毒素A时间分辨荧光侧流层析试纸条的研究

目的 构建一种基于时间分辨荧光纳米微球的赭曲霉毒素A (ochratoxin A, OTA)侧流层析试纸条。方法 基于免疫层析原理, 以时间分辨荧光纳米微球为信号探针, 降低非特异性荧光的干扰, 提高检测灵敏度, 并通过优化样品提取液和样品稀释液, 进一步提高现场检测OTA的灵敏度和准确性。结果 OTA在1~50 μg/kg范围内, T线和C线荧光强度的比值与OTA浓度的对数值具有良好的线性关系, 相关系数r2为0.9981~0.9998。不同基质中OTA的检出限(limit of detection, LOD)和定量限(limit of quantitation, LOQ)分别为0.401 μg/kg~0.614 μg/kg和0.970 μg/kg~1.617 μg/kg, 加标回收率为89.53%~118.37%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)小于12% (n=3), 且与呕吐毒素、伏马菌素B1、黄曲霉毒素B1、玉米赤霉烯酮和T-2毒素的交叉反应率均小于5%, 特异性良好。基于荧光定量快速检测技术平台OTA侧流层析试纸条可在8 min内快速准确地定量检测出待测样本中OTA的含量。结论 本研究所制备的时间分辨荧光侧流层析试纸条可实现玉米、小麦和饲料中OTA的快速定量检测, 并具有成本低、灵敏度高、操作简便、准确高、重复性好、特异性好的优点, 可满足国内外OTA检测的技术要求, 为真菌毒素快检技术的发展提供技术支撑。     

基于核酸适配体-金纳米粒子比色传感器快速检测食品中赭曲霉毒素A

本研究以核酸适配体为识别元件实现对赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)的高选择性识别,以及采用金纳米粒子做为比色探针,建立了适用于OTA快速检测的比色适配体传感器。研究结果表明,该比色传感器对OTA具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,操作简单快速,能用于实际食品样品中OTA的快速筛查检测;该比色传感器在520nm和650nm下吸光度的比值(A520/A650)与OTA浓度在0.05~5μM的范围内呈线性相关,检测限为0.02μM。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测中草药中赭曲霉毒素A

本研究通过优化液相色谱条件和质谱条件,并结合碳酸氢钠溶液提取稀释的方法法有效克服了基质效应的干扰,建立了中草药中赭曲霉毒素A的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检方法。试样经碳酸氢钠溶液提取,超声波提取,再经过免疫亲和柱净化后,用C18液相色谱柱分离,多级反应选择离子正离子模式检测。经方法学验证,赭曲霉毒素A质量浓度在0.1~50.0μg/L范围内呈现良好的线性关系,r0.99;样品在1.0、2.0和10.0μg/kg三个添加水平下的回收率为78.5%~98.0%;相对标准偏差为2.6%~11.8%;方法检出限为1.0μg/kg。将该方法应用于实际8批样品的检测,结果显示8批样品中检出1批的赭曲霉毒素A检测结果呈阳性(7.3μg/kg)。实际样品检测结果表明,本方法可实现中草药中赭曲霉毒素A灵敏、准确的定性定量分析。     

在线免疫亲和固相萃取-高效液相色谱法快速测定食品中赭曲霉毒素A

目的建立在线免疫亲和固相萃取-高效液相色谱快速测定食品中赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)的分析方法。方法谷物、豆类样品采用乙腈-水(80:20,V:V)提取,葡萄酒类样品采用NaHCO_3/NaCl/水溶液(0.4:15:100,m:m:V)提取,3%Tween-20(m:V)溶液稀释后,直接经RIDA~?CREST ICE在线免疫亲和固相萃取系统净化-高效液相色谱荧光检测OTA含量。以乙酸铵-乙腈为流动相洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,C_(18)色谱柱(150 mm×4.6mm,5μm)分离测定。结果方法检出限分别为0.020μg/kg(豆类、谷物)和0.050μg/kg(葡萄酒类);在OTA的浓度为12.5~500 ng/L的范围内线性关系良好,相关系数r~2为0.9995;日内加标回收率为87.4%~109.8%,相对标准偏差0.50%~4.80%。结论该方法分析速度快,灵敏度高,重现性好,可满足快速准确测定大批量食品样品中OTA含量的需要。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the