黑蒜提取物对脂多糖诱导RAW264.7细胞炎症因子的影响

目的:以黑蒜提取物为研究对象,探讨其对脂多糖(LPS)刺激RAW264.7细胞的体外抗炎作用及其机制。方法:采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测不同浓度的黑蒜提取物对RAW264.7细胞活性的影响;采用Griess法检测黑蒜提取物对LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞的一氧化氮(NO)释放量;采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞上清液中PGE2、IL-1β及IL-6的分泌量;采用反转录PCR(RT-PCR)和免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测COX-2、i NOS m RNA及蛋白的表达。结果:黑蒜提取物能明显抑制LPS诱导的RAW264.7巨噬细胞NO、PGE2、IL-1β和IL-6的分泌,不同程度从转录和翻译水平抑制COX-2和i NOS的表达。结论:初步证实了黑蒜具有抗炎作用,其作用与在转录水平和翻译水平上抑制i NOS和COX-2有关。     

大枣多糖抗氧化及抗炎活性的研究

本研究通过建立1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼基(DPPH)自由基、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基、羟基自由基、还原力等4种体外模型研究大枣多糖的抗氧化活性;建立脂多糖(LPS)诱导的巨噬细胞RAW264.7模型研究大枣多糖的抗炎活性。实验结果表明,大枣多糖具有较强的抗氧化活性,对DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基、羟基自由基的半抑制浓度IC50分别为0.9、2.8、1.1 mg/m L;总还原力为1.0时,对应的Vc和大枣多糖浓度分别为0.08 mg/m L和2.95 mg/m L,大枣多糖的抗氧化活性呈浓度依赖性。高剂量的大枣多糖能够显著降低RAW264.7细胞中炎症因子如环氧合酶-2(COX-2),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的含量,表明大枣多糖具有较强的抗炎活性。大枣多糖可望作为抗氧化剂和抗炎制剂应用于功能性食品和医药工业。     

草珊瑚多糖对经脂多糖刺激的RAW264.7巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用研究

为研究草珊瑚多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用,建立LPS刺激的RAW264.7细胞模型,通过MTT法测定,观察草珊瑚多糖对RAW264.7细胞增殖影响并评价细胞毒性。同时,对草珊瑚多糖抑制模型细胞炎症因子一氧化氮(NO)表达及吞噬活性进行研究。结果表明,草珊瑚多糖可显著抑制RAW264.7细胞增殖水平,其细胞毒性分级为1级或以下。同时,草珊瑚多糖可显著抑制模型细胞NO表达及巨噬细胞吞噬活性。此研究将为深入研究草珊瑚抗炎活性作用机制及草珊瑚资源开发提供理论依据。     

基于LPS诱导RAW264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型的榴莲壳多酚抗炎作用及其分子机制

采用80%甲醇溶剂提取榴莲壳中多酚组分,并测定其总酚和总黄酮含量,基于体外化学方法和LPS诱导的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型,探究榴莲壳的抗氧化和抗炎活性及其分子机制。结果表明,榴莲壳提取物富含多酚类化合物,具有较强的体外抗氧化活性,且在LPS诱导的RAW 264.7巨噬细胞炎症模型中能降低一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和环氧合酶-2(COX-2)的表达,减少NO和ROS的产生,并降低炎症细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6)在基因和蛋白水平上的表达,从而展现较强的抗炎活性。其内在的分子机制可能是通过抑制IκB-α和p65蛋白磷酸化,降低NF-κB信号通路的表达,减少机体的炎症损伤。     

黑蒜多糖的斑马鱼体内抗氧化、抗炎症活性分析

采用Plackett-Burman及响应面试验优化黑蒜多糖的提取工艺,确定其最优提取条件为:提取2次、固液比30倍、提取时间2 h、乙醇3倍、提取温度70℃、超声功率300 W、醇沉时间16 h、超声时间10 min,在该条件下提取率达3.65%。体外抗氧化试验证明,黑蒜多糖具有较强的清除自由基能力(羟基自由基、DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基)以及良好的还原力和总抗氧化能力。用甲硝锉建立斑马鱼氧化应激模型,结果表明,黑蒜多糖通过清除自由基发挥显著的抗氧化作用(P 0.01)。通过建立脂多糖(LPS)诱导的斑马鱼炎症模型发现,黑蒜多糖可显著抑制炎症导致的活性氧簇(ROS)形成(P 0.01)。通过建立硫酸铜诱导的斑马鱼炎症模型发现,在黑蒜多糖的干预下中性粒细胞向侧线的迁移数明显减少(P 0.01)。抗炎试验表明,黑蒜多糖具有良好的抗炎能力,可通过抑制ROS信号的释放减轻炎症反应。     

锁阳多糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7的免疫调节作用的影响

目的 研究锁阳多糖对巨噬细胞RAW264.7免疫调节作用的影响。方法 以巨噬细胞RAW264.7为研究对象, 设置空白对照组、阳性(LPS)对照组、锁阳多糖给药组(25、50、100、200、400 μg/mL), 用CCK-8法测定细胞增殖活性, 中性红法测定其吞噬活性; Griess法测定其对NO分泌量的影响; ELISA法测定其IL-6和TNF-α的释放能力。结果 与空白组比较, 不同浓度(25~400 μg/mL)锁阳多糖均能够促进巨噬细胞RAW264.7的增殖(P<0.05或P<0.01), 干预24 h和48 h的增殖活性明显高于干预6 h和12 h的增殖活性(P<0.05); 锁阳多糖(25~ 400 μg/mL)能显著促进细胞的吞噬活性(P<0.05); 干预48 h后, 锁阳多糖(25~400 μg/mL)的NO分泌量显著高于空白组和LPS组(P<0.05); 与空白组和LPS组相比, 锁阳多糖(25~400 μg/mL)能显著促进细胞IL-6和TNF-α的释放(P<0.01)。结论 锁阳多糖在一定浓度范围内对巨噬细胞RAW264.7具有良好的免疫调节作用。     

桑葚提取物体外抗炎作用及机制的研究

本文采用脂多糖(LPS)刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞RAW264.7,建立细胞体外的炎症模型,研究桑葚提取物对LPS诱导巨噬细胞RAW264.7分泌功能的影响及其作用机制。实验用1μg/mL LPS刺激RAW264.7细胞,在不同浓度样品的干预下,用MTT法检测不同浓度的样品对RAW264.7细胞的作用;用Griess法检测细胞液中NO的含量;用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测细胞液中PGE2含量;用免疫印迹法(Western Blot)和RT-PCR法检测桑葚提取物对细胞iNOS和COX-2表达的影响;用HPLC法检测桑葚提取物中白藜芦醇的含量。结果表明桑葚提取物浓度在0.5~2 mg/mL范围内对细胞生长无明显影响;在1~2 mg/mL范围内能有效抑制NO和PGE2的分泌并能有效抑制iNOS和COX-2的表达;桑葚提取物中白藜芦醇的含量为107.44±0.48μg/g。这表明桑葚提取物抑制炎症相关因子表达量,从而减弱促炎症反应,发挥抗炎功效,其抗炎活性可能与桑葚中含有较高的白藜芦醇相关。     

乳酸菌发酵对枸杞果汁体外抗氧化和抗炎活性的影响

采用鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)LGG对枸杞果汁进行发酵,评估发酵对枸杞果汁体外抗氧化、抗炎活性的影响。结果表明,与未发酵枸杞果汁相比,发酵枸杞果汁基于1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2’-联氮双(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS+)和铁离子还原力(FRAP)方法的抗氧化能力显著提高,分别为17.53 mmol TE/L、42.72 mmol TE/L和21.12 mmol TE/L。发酵前后的枸杞果汁提取物可使H₂O₂损伤的Caco-2细胞存活率从50.5%分别提高至65.2%、85.0%。通过脂多糖(LPS)作用RAW264.7细胞系构建炎症细胞模型,与未发酵对照组相比,发酵枸杞果汁提取物处理的RAW264.7细胞肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、人白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和一氧化氮(NO)释放量显著降低(P<0.05),分别为23.14 ng/mL、450 pg/mL、10.72μmol/L,表明其是通过减少抗炎因子来发挥抗炎作用的。乳酸菌发酵提升了枸杞果汁抗氧化活性...     

海参水煮液多糖提取物体外抗炎活性的研究

目的研究海参水煮液多糖提取物(PESCPL)的体外抗炎活性。方法 PESCPL作用于经LPS诱导产生炎症的RAW264.7细胞模型,通过检测其对该模型中肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素1(IL-1)及白介素-6(IL-6)的分泌水平、NO释放能力、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS酶)活力及环氧化酶(COX-2)表达水平的影响,共同表征其体外抗炎活性。结果 PESCPL在12.5~200μg/ml范围内可显著降低LPS诱导炎症细胞分泌促炎因子的水平,且对TNF-α和IL-1β的抑制作用呈浓度依赖性;在12.5~50μg/ml范围内可抑制炎症细胞对NO的释放能力,降低iNOS的酶活力,降低COX-2蛋白表达量。结论海参水煮液多糖有良好的抗炎活性,有望成为天然功能食品与药品的良好基料。     

发酵乳杆菌LFQ153胞外多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

为探究发酵乳杆菌LFQ153胞外多糖(exopolysaccharides,EPS)对RAW264.7巨噬细胞氧化损伤的保护作用与机制,该研究以DPPH自由基和羟自由基清除能力研究EPS的体外抗氧化水平.通过脂多糖(lipopo-lysaccharide,LPS)刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞建立氧化损伤模型,以抗氧化酶...     

黑蒜醋保健饮料的研制

以黑龙江省科学院大庆分院生产的脱皮黑蒜瓣为原料,利用醋液浸提其中的可溶性固形物、色素和其他营养成分,并运用浸提液配制成黑蒜醋饮料.本实验研究了浸提时醋液添加量及浸提时间对浸提液品质的影响以及配制时,冰糖、白砂糖及浸提液的添加量对黑蒜醋饮料风味口感的影响.并采用正交试验确定各组分的最佳配比.结果表明,以lkg黑蒜、10L醋液的比例,浸提8h,所得浸提液品质较好,色泽为深褐色、黑蒜香味浓郁.饮料的最佳配方为黑蒜醋浸提液40mL,冰糖2.0g,白砂糖1.0g.     

A comparative study on the antioxidative and anti‐allergic activities of fresh and aged black garlic extracts

The antioxidative and anti‐allergic activities of fresh and aged black garlic extracts were investigated. The garlic samples were extracted with 70% ethanol (v/v) and the total phenolic content was measured. The antioxidant capacity of extracts was assessed by determining the scavenging activities on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals, ferricyanide reducing power, ferrous ion‐chelating ability and inhibitory effect on linoleic acid peroxidation. The anti‐allergic activity of extracts was analysed by measuring their inhibitory effects against β‐hexosaminidase release. The aged black garlic exhibited significantly higher phenolic content and greater antioxidative activity than fresh garlic. Both garlic extracts showed strong antioxidant capacity in a dose‐dependent manner. On the other hand, a considerably higher suppression of β‐hexosaminidase release was found in fresh garlic extract at lower concentration compared with that of the black garlic. Results of this study illustrate that ageing of garlic could enhance its antioxidant capacity, but could decrease its anti‐allergic activity.     

Effects of drying methods on contents of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of black chokeberries (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aronia melanocarpa</Emphasis>)

Optimal drying techniques for maintaining high levels of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities in black chokeberries were investigated. Effects of 3 drying methods on total bioactive compound contents and in vitro antioxidant activities in 80% ethanol extracts were evaluated. Fresh black chokeberries were dried using sun-drying, freeze-drying, and oven-drying. Highest amounts of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyanins were detected in freeze-dried black chokeberry extracts after sun and oven-drying. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and superoxide anion scavenging activities in black chokeberry extracts were also evaluated. Freeze-dried berries produced strongest antioxidant activities. Freeze-drying was the optimal drying method for maintaining high levels of bioactive compounds in 80% ethanol extracts of dried black chokeberries.     

Garlic extract and its selected organosulphur constituents promote ileal immune responses ex vivo

The effects of garlic extract and three organosulphur compounds of garlic on intestinal immune responses in mice were investigated. Peyer’s patch (PP) cells were isolated from mice orally administered with garlic extracts or one of three organosulphur compounds (alliin, allicin, diallyl disulphide (DADS)). PP cells isolated from mice that had been orally injected with ethanol extract significantly produced interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4. IL-2 production in PP cells was significantly reduced by hot-water and ethanol extracts from garlic. PP cells from mice administered with two organosulphur compounds, alliin or DADS (5 mg/kg/day), could produce IL-2, IFN-γ and IL-4, whereas allicin showed moderate activity. The enhancement activity of IL-2 and IFN-γ productions in PP cells by DADS was higher than those obtained by administration of alliin or allicin. Comprehensive analyses of genetic profiles in PP tissue from mice administered with ethanolic extracts, allicin or alliin revealed that oral administration of samples increased 68–144 genes and decreased 50–52 genes by ?1.8-fold. Analyses of clustering profiles of microarrays indicated that ethanol extract and alliin upregulated the expression of IFN-γ. These data showed that garlic and its organosulphur compounds stimulate de novo IFN-γ biosynthesis in PP cells, thereby promoting ileal immune responses.     

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Smilax china L. leaf extracts

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Smilax china L. leaf extracts obtained with methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water were investigated. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by determining the DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activities, total phenol content (TPC), and reducing power (RP). The highest DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and RP were found in the ethanol extract, which also showed the highest TPC (105.81±0.48 μg gallic acid equivalents/mL). The antimicrobial activity of all the extracts against foodborne microorganisms was determined by paper disc method. All the extracts inhibited the growth of Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella Typhimurium, however, no antimicrobial activity was observed against Escherichia coli O157:H7. The results indicated that Smilax china L. possessed antioxidant and antimicrobial substances, and suggested that the ethanol extract can be applied into food and cosmetic industry.     

麻疯树籽仁/壳乙醇提取物的体外抗氧化活性北大核心CSCD

为了提高麻疯树种子的开发利用价值,采用体外抗氧化实验对麻疯树籽仁/壳乙醇提取物抗氧化活性进行了研究。分别以麻疯树种子中的籽仁和籽壳为原料,经75%乙醇提取,在对提取物主要成分进行分析的基础上,以V为阳性对照,测定两种提取物对自由基(DPPH自由基、ABTS~+自由基、羟自由基和超氧自由基)的清除能力、还原能力以及抑制亚油酸自氧化能力。结果表明:麻疯树籽仁/壳乙醇提取物中多糖类物质总含量分别为47.67%和52.21%,酮类物质总含量分别为0.774%和4.22%,麻疯树籽壳乙醇提取物中还含有0.30%的多酚类物质;麻疯树籽仁/壳乙醇提取物均具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中籽壳乙醇提取物对DPPH自由基、ABTS~+自由基、羟自由基、超氧自由基的清除效果较好;麻疯树籽仁/壳乙醇提取物的还原能力和对亚油酸自氧化的抑制能力相对较弱。麻疯树籽壳乙醇提取物的抗氧化活性优于籽仁乙醇提取物,可能与籽壳乙醇提取物中含有较多的黄酮类和多酚类物质有关。     

灵芝固体发酵龙眼核提取物的主要活性成分及其抗氧化性

为更好的利用龙眼核,使用灵芝对含有不同重量龙眼核的固体基质进行发酵,用60%乙醇提取灵芝发酵后和未发酵基质中的活性成分,并检测了提取物中的多酚类、黄酮类、糖和三萜类物质的含量及其抗氧化活性。结果表明:龙眼核经过灵芝真菌固体发酵后,多酚类和黄酮类含量显著性降低(p<0.05),糖类显著性增加(p<0.05)。发酵龙眼核提取物总抗氧化活性、总还原力、Fe3+还原能力、清除DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基能力均比未发酵提取物降低,但仍然具有一定抗氧化活性。结论:灵芝固体发酵龙眼核产生的菌质物质可以开发为食用或饲用资源。     

Antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of different parts of guava (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Psidium guajava</Emphasis> L.)

The antioxidant and the tyrosinase inhibitory activities of 4 different solvents (acetone, ethanol, methanol, and water) for preparation of extracts from guava (branch, fruit, leaf, and seed) were evaluated by measuring total phenolic contents (TPC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, reducing power (RP), and tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The extracts of branch and leaf showed relatively higher antioxidant properties than those of fruit and seed. The highest TPC (141.28 mg/g gallic acid equivalents), DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀=34.01 μg/mL), ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC₅₀=3.23 μg/mL), and RP (IC₅₀= 75.63 μg/mL) were found in acetone extract of leaf, while water extract of seed had the lowest antioxidant activity. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of ethanol extract from guava leaf was 69.56%, which was the highest activity among the extracts. These results indicate that useful bioactive substances exist in the guava branch as well as leaf extracts.     

不同加工工艺对黑蒜产品品质的影响

黑蒜是一种新型大蒜加工制品,通过不同加工工艺得到两种不同的产品黑蒜1号和黑蒜2号,其中黑蒜1号的生产周期为黑蒜2号的3倍。本研究比较了两种加工工艺对黑蒜基本营养成分、蒜氨酸含量以及自由基清除能力的影响。研究表明:与新鲜大蒜相比,黑蒜的水分含量较少约为40%,湿基中的可溶糖、蛋白质和多酚显著增多(P0.01),蒜氨酸含量减少。而干基中的营养物质除多酚外,其余成分都减少,脯氨酸和精氨酸急剧降低,变异系数分别为1.03和1.12。湿基对OH·的清除能力基本一致,对DPPH·的清除力为新鲜蒜的2倍。黑蒜1号的粗蛋白含量低于黑蒜2号,可溶糖、多酚、蒜氨酸皆高于黑蒜2号,粗蛋白和多酚变异系数达到0.20左右,各组分间存在显著差异(P0.05)。在不同浓度下对自由基清除能力相同,当浓度为0.05 g/m L时,对OH·和DPPH·的清除率达到了90%以上。电子舌可以有效的区别两种产品。     

黑小麦麸皮抗氧化活性成分提取及其抗氧化能力评价

黑小麦麸皮是黑小麦加工过程中的副产物,其富含多种生理活性物质,包括花青素、酚酸类物质、膳食纤维等。以黑小麦麸皮为原料,利用不同溶剂对其抗氧化活性成分进行提取并对其抗氧化能力评价研究。结果表明,75%乙醇提取物干物质得率最高,为10.72%;50%乙醇提取总酚含量最高,为2.9 mg/100 mL;50%乙醇提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）清除力最强,75%乙醇提取物对DPPH抗氧化物提取能力最强;75%丙酮提取物对2,2′-联氮-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）清除力最强,75%甲醇提取物对ABTS抗氧化物提取能力最强。综合比较得出,50%乙醇更适于黑小麦麸皮抗氧化活性成分提取。