The tangential micro-heat sink with multiple fluid inlets

The paper presents the thermal and hydrodynamic analysis of the micro-heat sink with straight microtubes and multiple inlet jets. The inlet cross-sections have the rectangular shape and positioned tangentially to the tube axis. Four different configurations are considered: three of them with three inlet jets and one with five inlet jets. The fluid flow regime is laminar and water with variable fluid properties is used as a working fluid. The heat flux spread through the bottom surface of the heat sink is q = 100 W/cm². Thermal and hydrodynamic results of the micro-heat sink with multiple inlets are compared with results obtained for single tangential inlet configuration. For all cases, the analysis is made on a fixed pumping power basis. The strong dependence of the position and number of the inlet jets on thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of the micro-heat sink is observed.     

Experimental investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer in a single-phase liquid flow micro-heat exchanger

This work presents an experimental analysis of the hydrodynamic and thermal performance of micro-heat exchangers. Two micro-heat exchangers, characterized by microchannels of 100 × 100 and 200 × 200 μm square cross-sections, were designed for that purpose. The fluid used was deionized water and there was no phase change along the fluid circuit. The fluid pressure drop along the heat exchanger and the heat transfer were measured and corrections were made to isolate the contribution of the microchannels. The results were compared with the predictions of the classical viscous flow and heat transfer theory. The main conclusions show that the experimental results fit well with these theories. No effects of heat transfer enhancement or pressure drop increase were observed as a consequence of the small scale of the microchannels.     

CFD investigation of the flow and heat transfer characteristics in a tangential inlet cyclone

This work presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculation to investigate the flow field and the heat transfer characteristics in a tangential inlet cyclone which is mainly used for the separation of the dens phase of a two phase flow. Governing equations for the steady turbulent 3D flow were solved numerically under certain boundary conditions covering an inlet velocity range of 3 to 30 m/s. Finite volume based Fluent software was used and the RNG k −  turbulence model was adopted for the modeling highly swirling turbulent flow. Good agreement was found between computed pressure drop and experimental data available in the literature. The structure of the vortices and variation of local heat transfer were studied under the effects of inlet velocity.     

The heat transfer and fluid flow of a partially heated microchannel heat sink

Numerical modeling of the conjugate heat transfer in microchannel heat sink is presented. As the most of the cooling applications deals with the partial heated sections, the influence of the heating position on the thermal and hydrodynamic behavior is analyzed. The laminar fluid flow regime and the water as a working fluid are considered. It is observed that partial heating together with variable viscosity has a strong influence on thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of the micro-heat sink.     

An analytical model for fluid flow and heat transfer in a micro-heat pipe of polygonal shape

An analytical model for fluid flow and heat transfer in a micro-heat pipe of polygonal shape is presented by utilizing a macroscopic approach. The coupled nonlinear governing equations for fluid flow, heat and mass transfer have been modified and have been solved analytically. The analytical model enables us to study the performance and the limitations of such a device and provides the analytical expressions for critical heat input, dry-out length and available capillary head for the flow of fluid. A dimensionless parameter, which plays an important role in predicting the performance of a micro-heat pipe, is obtained from the analytical model. The results predicted by the model compared with the published results in literature and good agreement has been obtained. The general and analytical nature of the simple model will have its applicability in the design of micro-heat pipes.     

Analysis of entropy generation and convective heat transfer of Al2O3 nanofluid flow in a tangential micro heat sink

Effect of using Al₂O₃–water nanofluids with different volume fractions and particle diameters on generated entropy, hydrodynamic performance and heat transfer characteristics of a tangential micro-heat sink (TMHS) was numerically investigated in this research. Results indicated that considerable heat transfer enhancement is possible when using Al₂O₃–water nanofluids as coolant and clearly the enhancement improves with increasing particles concentration and decreasing particles size. However, using nanofluid has also induced drastic effects on the pumping power that increases with particles volume fraction and Reynolds number. Finally, it was found that generated total entropy decreases with increasing volume fraction and Reynolds number and decreasing particles size.     

Application of heat transfer on MHD shear thickening fluid flow past a stretched surface with variable heat source/sink

The purpose of this study is to explore the viscous dissipation stimulus on the steady convective magnetohydrodynamic shear thickening liquid stream across a vertically stretched sheet. The impact of thermic heat, first-order velocity slip, and variable heat generation/absorption are considered and also ignored the effect of magnetic Reynold's number. We converted flow controlling equations into the set of dimensionless nonlinear ordinary differential equations by employing similarity variables to solve these coupled equations by R–K and shooting technique. The effect of different dimensionless variables on velocity, heat, friction factor, and local Nusselt numbers are presented through graphs and tables. Depreciation in velocity and growth in temperature distribution is detected when the Casson fluid parameter is increased. Temperature is the increasing function of the Eckert number.     

弯曲微热管阵列传热性能的实验研究

微热管阵列是一种导热能力较强的元件,具有接触面积大、热输运能力强和承压能力强的特点。将750 mm长的微热管阵列分别弯曲成"L"形和"乙"字形,测试其在热源温度为45℃条件下的响应时间及轴向均温性,并与平直微热管阵列对比,分析弯曲对微热管阵列传热性能的影响。结果表明:弯曲会使微热管阵列响应时间滞后,"L"形、"乙"字形1号和"乙"字形2号微热管阵列响应时间约为120 s,较平直微热管阵列滞后80 s;弯曲微热管阵列两端温差随弯道数的增加而增大,随弯曲角度的增大而增大,"L"形和"乙"字形1号微热管阵列蒸发段与冷凝段温差分别为0.76℃、1.61℃,较平直微热管阵列大11.76%、106.41%;"乙"字形2号微热管阵列两端温差为1.70℃,比"乙"字形1号微热管阵列两端温差大10.84%。     

Numerical simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in a microchannel heat sink with offset fan-shaped reentrant cavities in sidewall

The paper is focused on the investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in a microchannel heat sink with offset fan-shaped reentrant cavities in sidewall. In contrast to the new microchannel heat sink, the corresponding conventional rectangular microchannel heat sink is chosen. The computational fluid dynamics is used to simulate the flow and heat transfer in the heat sinks. The steady, laminar flow and heat transfer equations are solved in a finite-volume method. The SIMPLEX method is used for the computations. The effects of flow rate and heat flux on pressure drop and heat transfer are presented. The results indicate that the microchannel heat sink with offset fan-shaped reentrant cavities in sidewall improved heat transfer performance with an acceptable pressure drop. The fluid flow and heat transfer mechanism of the new microchannel heat sink can attribute to the interaction of the increased heat transfer surface area, the redeveloping of the hydraulic and thermal boundary layers, the jet and throttling effects and the slipping over the reentrant cavities. The increased heat transfer surface area and the periodic thermal developing flow are responsible for the significant heat transfer enhancement. The jet and throttling effects enhance heat transfer, simultaneously increasing pressure drop. The slipping over the reentrant cavities reduces pressure drop, but drastically decreases heat transfer.     

高位进气转静系旋转盘流动与换热的数值模拟

采用扩展混合长度湍流模型和S IM PLE算法,用共轭数值计算的方法模拟航空发动机涡轮盘冷却系统的高位进气、径向出流转静系旋转盘腔模型的流场和温度场,分析了其盘面平均努塞尔数N uav随旋转雷诺数R eω和流量系数Cw的变化。结果表明,随着转速和冷气流量的提高换热得以增强,但在本次计算范围内提高转速对换热的增强幅度小于提高冷气流量对换热的增强幅度。     

Heat transfer of a parallel flow two-layered microchannel heat sink

A numerical study is conducted to predict the thermal performance of a parallel flow two-layered microchannel heat sink on heat transfer and compared to the case of counterflow for various channel aspect ratios. Findings reveal that the parallel flow configuration leads to a better heat transfer performance except for high Reynolds number and high channel aspect ratio. Further study on the horizontal rib thickness shows that lower thermal resistance can be achieved in a parallel flow two-layered microchannel heat sink with smaller thickness of middle rib.     

Numerical investigation on the heat transfer and flow in the mini-fin heat sink for CPU

Fluid flow and heat transfer in the mini-rectangular fin heat sink for CPU of PC using de-ionized water as working fluid are numerically investigated. Based on the real PC operating conditions, the three-dimensional governing equations for fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are solved using finite volume scheme. The standard k–ε turbulent model is employed to describe the flow structure and behavior. The predicted results obtained from the model are verified by the measured data. There is a reasonable agreement between the predicted results and experiments. The results of this study are expected to lead to guidelines that will allow the design of the cooling system with improved cooling performance of the electronic equipments increasing reliable operation of these devices.     

Effect of developing flow and thermal regime on momentum and heat transfer in micro-scale heat sink

A developing micro-channel heat transfer and fluid flow has been investigated experimentally in rectangular micro-channels of D_h = 440 μm, having water as a working fluid. Infrared technique was used to design and built a micro-channel test section that incorporate internal fluid temperature measurements. The new method that provides information about the fluid temperature distribution inside the channel and provides validation for the methods used to determine the local and average Nusselt numbers. The experimental results have been compared with theoretical predictions from the literature and results obtained by numerical modeling of the present experiment. The experimental results of pressure drop and heat transfer confirm that including the entrance effects, the conventional theory is applicable for water flow through micro-channels.These results differ from the conclusions of several researches. It was shown that data presented by some researches can be due to entrance effects. The present results highlight the importance of accounting for common phenomena that are often negligible for standard flows such as accounting for profile of inlet velocity, axial heat conduction, effect of the design inlet and outlet manifolds.This paper, to the best of knowledge, is the first presentation on the method of the bulk fluid temperature measurements along micro-channel using IR technique, and calculation of the local heat transfer coefficient based on the local heat flux and the local temperature difference between the heated wall and the bulk fluid temperature.     

"水滴"型微针肋流动与传热特性数值研究

基于圆肋尾部流动传热强化的思想,对传统圆肋进行优化,进而设计出了新型的"水滴"型微针肋.采用Fluent模拟软件对不同角度"水滴"型针肋侧壁及整体流动传热特性进行了模拟分析.结果表明:a>90°时,流动没有显著改变,边界层涡依旧发生脱落;而当a<60°后,针肋尾部逆压梯度较小,边界层涡脱离现象消失;适当的"水滴"型结构...     

The role of jet inlet geometry in impinging jet heat transfer,modeling and experiments

Effects of jet inlet geometry and aspect ratio on local and average heat transfer characteristics of totally nine confined impinging jets have been investigated experimentally using thermochromic liquid crystals and numerically by using a 3-D low Reynolds number k–? model. Experimental study by using liquid crystals for temperature measurement was conducted for three different jet exit geometries (circular, elliptic, rectangular). In addition, simulations were performed at the same mass flow rate for totally nine jet exit geometries including circular, elliptic and rectangular jets with different aspect ratios for dimensionless jet to plate distances 2, 6, and 12.As the aspect ratio of equal cross-sectional area elliptic and rectangular jets increases, heat transfer enhancement in the stagnation region was obtained. As a result higher aspect ratio jets can be used as a passive enhancement technique for localized heating or cooling especially at small jet to plate distances. Wall jet region comprises very large portion of the impinging plate under study and generally lower heat transfer rates were attained for higher aspect ratio jets in this region especially at small jet to plate distances. Therefore as the aspect ratio increases, lower average heat transfer rates were acquired. The effect of aspect ratio on local and average heat transfer decreases with increasing jet to plate distance. Even though the mass flow rate is the same, heat transfer rate of rectangular jets were reduced with increasing the cross-sectional area. With increasing jet to plate distance very similar heat transfer characteristics were observed along the major and minor axis directions.     

Experimental analysis of flow and heat transfer in a miniature porous heat sink for high heat flux application

A novel miniature porous heat sink system was presented for dissipating high heat fluxes of electronic device, and its operational principle and characteristics were analyzed. The flow and heat transfer of miniature porous heat sink was experimentally investigated at high heat fluxes. It was observed that the heat load of up to 280 W (heat flux of 140 W/cm²) was removed by the heat sink with the coolant pressure drop of about 34 kPa across the heat sink system and the heater junction temperature of 62.9 °C at the coolant flow rate of 6.2 cm³/s. Nu number of heat sink increased with the increase of Re number, and maximum value of 323 for Nu was achieved at highest Re of 518. The overall heat transfer coefficient of heat sink increased with the increase of coolant flow rate and heat load, and the maximal heat transfer coefficient was 36.8 kW(m² °C)^?1 in the experiment. The minimum value of 0.16 °C/W for the whole thermal resistance of heat sink was achieved at flow rate of 6.2 cm³/s, and increasing coolant flow rate and heat fluxes could lead to the decrease in thermal resistance. The micro heat sink has good performance for electronics cooling at high heat fluxes, and it can improve the reliability and lifetime of electronic device.     

Effects of thermal radiation on micropolar fluid flow and heat transfer over a porous shrinking sheet

The effects of thermal radiation on the flow of micropolar fluid and heat transfer past a porous shrinking sheet is investigated. The self-similar ODEs are obtained using similarity transformations from the governing PDEs and are then solved numerically by very efficient shooting method. The analysis reveals that for the steady flow of micropolar fluid, the wall mass suction needs to be increased. Dual solutions of velocity and temperature are obtained for several values of the each parameter involved. For increasing values of the material parameter K, the velocity decreases for first solution, whereas, for second solution it increases. Due to increase of thermal radiation, the temperature and thermal boundary layer thickness reduce in both solutions and also the heat transfer from the sheet enhances with thermal radiation.     

Numerical computation of fluid flow and heat transfer in microchannels

Three-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena inside heated microchannels is investigated. The steady, laminar flow and heat transfer equations are solved using a finite-volume method. The numerical procedure is validated by comparing the predicted local thermal resistances with available experimental data. The friction factor is also predicted in this study. It was found that the heat input lowers the frictional losses, particularly at lower Reynolds numbers. At lower Reynolds numbers the temperature of the water increases, leading to a decrease in the viscosity and hence smaller frictional losses.