Capacity Enhancement Using MIMO Antenna Arrays in Realistic Macro-Cellular Urban Environment

In MIMO systems the antenna array configuration in the BS and MS has a large influence on the available channel capacity. In this paper, we first introduce a new Frequency Selective (FS) MIMO framework for macro-cells in a realistic urban environment. The MIMO channel is built over a previously developed directional channel model, which considers the terrain and clutter information in the cluster, line-of-sight and link loss calculations. Next, MIMO configuration characteristics are investigated in order to maximize capacity, mainly the number of antennas, inter-antenna spacing and SNR impact. Channel and capacity simulation results are presented for the city of Lisbon, Portugal, using different antenna configurations. Two power allocations schemes are considered, uniform distribution and FS spatial water-filling. The results suggest optimized MIMO configurations, considering the antenna array size limitations, specially at the MS side.     

A Novel Numerical Model for Simulating Three Dimensional MIMO Channels With Complex Antenna Arrays

We develop a novel three-dimensional (3D) numerical model for rigorously simulating mutual coupling effects on the channel capacity of the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems. In this model, the efficient integral equation method mutlilevel Green's function interpolation method (MLGFIM) is for the first time employed to calculate the input admittances and radiation patterns of the transmit and receive antennas of MIMOs. Comparing with the Method of Moments whose complexity is $O(N^{2})$ , MLGFIM has an efficiency of $O(Nlog N)$ and is suitable for efficiently solving antenna arrays problems. To accurately model the EM wave propagation, we 1) use the ray tracing method to obtain the multi-paths and 2) rigorously obtain the dyadic path loss factor model from which a novel stochastic path loss model that is flexible for both the environments with PEC walls and that with infinite thick lossless dielectric walls is devised. Using the proposed model, we successfully analyze mutual coupling effects on the 3D correlation of a 2-by-2 monopole array and the indoor channel capacity of a 20-by-20 planar array and a 20-by-20 icosahedron array. The numerical examples in this paper demonstrate the efficiency of our model for simulating the MIMO system with complex radiators.      

多普勒频移对CDMA系统信道容量影响的分析

文章介绍了CDMA系统中信道容量的分析方法。结合某CDMA系统设计,分析和仿真了多普勒频移对CDMA系统信道容量的影响。     

Antenna Array Structures Effect on Water-Filling Capacity of Indoor NLOS MIMO Channel

1 Introduction Digital communication using MI MO has recently e-merged as one of the most significant technical break-throughs in modern wireless communications .Foschini ,Telatar and others saythat the capacity can beincreasedlinearly with the mini mum antenna numbers of thetransmitter and receiver if the scattering environment isrich and there is no correlation between the antennapairs at the transmitter and the receiver[1 ~2]. Toachieve these capacities coding techniques such asBLAST an…     

射线跟踪法对室内MIMO信道容量的分析

本文采用确定性传播预测模型——三维射线跟踪法（SBR/Image法）对室内MIMO系统的容量进行了分析,并介绍了多输入多输出基本理论。最后,用MATLAB对SISO,SIMO,MISO和MIMO系统容量进行了仿真性研究。结果表明,MIMO技术能有效提高信道容量。     

机舱内分布式MIMO系统信道容量分析

采用自主搭建的信道测量平台测得了机舱环境下分布式MIMO系统的信道冲击响应矩阵。根据实测的信道矩阵分别计算了4种具有不同收发天线数目的分布式MIMO系统的信道容量。为了便于比较,SISO系统的信道容量也通过实测数据进行了计算。计算结果表明：在机舱环境下,采用分布式MIMO系统和采用SISO系统相比能够显著提高系统信道容量,说明分布式MIMO系统可以充分满足未来机舱内无线通信高速率数据传输的需求。     

一种新的MIMO无线信道建模方法

文中提出了一种时变宽带MIMO信道的建模方法。该方法利用修正的Jakes衰落模型，用正弦波形叠加的方法，建立了一个频率选择性瑞利衰落多普勒MIMO信道模型。MATLAB仿真证实了该方法的可行性。     

频率选择性衰落MIMO信道容量分析

随着传输速率越来越高,信号所占用的带宽越来越宽,实际信道呈现出频率选择性衰落特性.根据频率选择性衰落信道特性,建立了频率选择性衰落MIMO信道模型,采用频域和时域的方法研究了在频率选择性衰落下,发射端已知和未知信道状态信息的MIMO信道容量,并给出了相关的仿真结果.研究结果表明:在相同发射功率和传输带宽下,MIMO系统可以不牺牲信号带宽而显著提高信道的容量,并且天线数量和输入信噪比的大小对信道容量具有不同的影响.研究结果为如何提高频率选择性衰落环境下MIMO信道容量提供了依据.     

室内分布式天线系统信道测量及容量分析

分布式天线系统通过在地理位置上分布式放置天线,增强了系统的覆盖性能,也提高了系统的分集增益和容量性能。通过自主搭建的信道测量平台,对室内分布式天线系统信道进行了测量,其中发端天线分布式放置,接收端天线集中放置,对数据分析表明,在不存在视距传输或者视距传输分量不明显的情况下,各发天线到收端的信道解相关特性良好,容量性能提高较大;反之则容量性能下降。系统容量与天线是否均匀放置也密切相关,天线均匀放置时,容量提高且分布更为均匀。     

基于MIMO几何信道模型的容量界研究

MIMO技术是LTE的最重要技术之一。为了研究MIMO系统中信道容量界限,提出了基于双反射的几何信道模型。基于此模型,推导了信道相关系数及信道容量的表达式,证明了收发相关的MIMO信道容量上、下界。MonteCarlo信道容量仿真结果表明,MIMO信道容量上界在低信噪比的条件下具有紧性;而在高信噪比的条件下,MIMO信道容量的下界具有紧性。     

Geometric Design and Comparison of Multifaceted Antenna Arrays for Hemispherical Coverage

We address the optimization of the geometric design of two classes of multifaceted antenna arrays, namely, pyramids and pyramidal frusta. The optimization involves choosing the face elevation and the number of arrays. The optimal face elevation minimizes the maximum scan angle encountered by the arrays, given a general hemispherical coverage requirement. Firstly, an approach is presented to compute the face elevation of the pyramidal frustum, based on equalizing the maximum scan angles. It is demonstrated that the equalization-based approach is not always optimal. Secondly, a new optimal approach based on minimax optimization is presented and used for both pyramids and pyramidal frusta, along with a comparison of the two approaches. Finally, the choice of the number of arrays is addressed using different cost functions including scan angles, scan losses, antenna dimensions, geometric directivity, and total number of antenna elements. Quantitative guidelines on how to choose among planar, pyramidal, and pyramidal frustum antenna systems are outlined.     

三维MIMO信道物理模型的统计特征

提出以散射矩阵来概括并简化电波传播过程中散射体对电磁波的影响,并对传统的距离分集和极化分集多入多出（MIMO）信道模型进行扩展,建立了一种可以应用于各种分集情况的三维通用MIMO物理信道模型。再以此模型为基础,对三维环境中的MIMO信道统计特征进行了研究,推导出任意情况下交叉极化鉴别度（XPD）和子信道间相关性的计算方法,并进行了仿真验证。仿真结果表明从文中所提出信道模型提取得到的统计特征与理论分析的结果是相符的。     

一种基于无人机MIMO信道的容量分析方法

针对无人机通信环境特点以及多天线系统(Multi-Input Multi-Output,MIMO),建立了具有直射、反射以及散射分量的无人机MIMO三维GBSBCM信道模型,给出了无人机空时频信道相关函数的简要形式;采用信道矩阵分解、信道系数归一化的方法,推导了无人机的MIMO信道相关矩阵的计算方法;根据信道相关矩阵中参数定量分析法,仿真分析了在发射端信道未知条件下的多天线间隔对无人机MIMO信道容量的影响。通过容量的影响分析,对无人机MIMO天线间隔的合理配置具有一定的理论参考价值和实际应用价值。     

MIMO系统中空时分组编码的信道容量

在多输入多输出（MIMO）系统中，建立空时分组编码模型，在分析瑞利衰落下正交空时分组码接收信噪比的基础上，得到了正交空时分组编码信遗容量的表达式，并采用数值计算的方法对其进行分析论述，得出在接收天线数一定的情况下，增加发送天线数所能得到的信道容量的上界。同时，分析证明，在发送天线数一定时，正交空时分组编码信道容量随接收天线数的增加而增加。在接收天线数一定时，信遗容量也随着发送天线数的增加而增加，但当发送天线数增加到一定数量时容量的增加就变得不十分明显。     

无线信道中M元（D）PSK信号的多普勒相移估值与校正

本文提出了一种新的无线信道中Ｍ元（Ｄ）ＰＳＫ信号的多普勒相移估值与校正方案，分析了性能，展示了该估值器和校正器的分析和计算机模拟结果，并分析了校正后的误码特性。理论分析和模拟结果表明，该方法是一种有效的多普勒相移估值和校正方法。     

Capacity of Wireless Communication Systems Employing Antenna Arrays,a Tutorial Study

A tutorial study is performed on thecapacity of multiple antenna wireless communication systems.Multiple antenna structures can be classified into single-inputmultiple-outputs (SIMO), multiple-inputs single-output (MISO), andmultiple-inputs multiple-outputs (MIMO) systems. Assuming that thechannel is known at receiver, capacity expressions are providedfor each structure, under the conditions of quasi-static flatfading. Also, information rate limits are provided in each casefor some suboptimal structures or detection techniques that may beused in practice. Using simulations for the case of flat Rayleighfading, capacities of optimal/suboptimal implementations arecontrasted for each multi-antenna structure. Discussions are madeon system design, regarding implementation complexity andpractical limitations on achieving these capacities. Inparticular, the problem of fading correlation and required antennaspacing, effect of fast channel fading, and lack of channelknowledge at receiver are discussed. Providing the results of themost recent researches considering the capacity of multi-antennasystems, as well as some new results, this paper can give a goodperspective for designing appropriate architectures in differentwireless communication applications.     

A MIMO Propagation Channel Model in a Random Medium

Multiple input-multiple output systems have received considerable attention because of their potential to achieve high channel capacity. This paper presents a study of the effects of a random scattering medium on channel capacity. Formulations are given including stochastic Green's functions and mutual coherence functions. Transmitter and receiver characteristics are included and analytical formulation for eigenvalues and channel capacities are given in terms of the medium scattering characteristics, optical depth, frequency, number of transmitter and receiver elements, transmitting power, and noise spectral power. As an example, we show 500 m link at 60 GHz through rain. The eigenvalues and the channel capacity are calculated in terms of SNR and the rain rate representing the optical depth. It is shown that as the rain rate increases, the correlation of waves at antennas decreases and the capacity increases. However, at high rain rate, the capacity tends to decrease due to the absorption and scattering.      

不完全信道统计信息反馈下的MIMO系统容量

容量是MIMO通信系统设计的重要因素,针对不完全统计信道信息反馈下的MIMO系统,推导了闭环系统的容量表达式,并且给出反馈信噪比门限的表示式,该门限确保闭环系统容量不小于开环容量。仿真实验研究了反馈信噪比对系统容量的影响,对比了若干典型反馈方式下的系统容量,分析了不同系统的配置参数对反馈信噪比门限的影响。结果表明,反馈信噪比高于某门限时,系统容量高于开环容量,反之相反,反馈信噪比门限随着系统信噪比的增加而增加。     

多用户MIMO系统中基于不完全信道状态信息和天线选择的性能研究

本文研究了基于不完全信道信息和天线选择的多用户MIMO系统下行链路性能。通过系统建模和性能分析,利用数学变换和条件概率密度函数,推导了有着不完全反馈信息时的系统误比特率(BER)准确表达式。该式可有效评估反馈时延对系统性能的影响,且包含了基于完全反馈信息的系统BER公式作为其特殊情况。为简化准确表达式中的积分计算,还利用互补误差函数的近似值推导了系统BER的近似表达式,可得到较为简单的闭式表达式。计算机仿真结果表明:所给的准确及近似理论分析可与仿真结果取得较好的一致;且当归一化时延低于0.01时,系统性能较之完全信道信息情况仅有轻微的下降。     

基于训练序列的接收端非理想估计的MIMO系统容量分析

考虑瑞利或赖斯块衰落环境下的MIMO系统，发射端没有信道状态信息（CSI），接收端通过线性估计滤波器由训练序列估计出非理想的CSI，根据一般的系统分析模型，推导出信道最大（即时）互信息的上限或下限的表达式，进行计算机仿真，分析估计误差、训练长度以及信噪比的影响。