基因工程干扰素对慢性粒细胞白血病骨髓细胞DNA损伤修复的…

以姊妹染色体互换为观察指标，观察了干扰素对慢性粒细胞白血病骨髓细胞ＤＮＡ损伤修复的影响，探讨了干扰素对慢性粒细胞白血病的治疗机理，对指导临床治疗具有重要的意义。     

6Ckine修饰的树突状细胞促进T淋巴细胞增殖和分化的作用

目的研究次级淋巴组织趋化因子(6Ckine)修饰的树突状细胞(DC)对T淋巴细胞增殖和分化的影响。方法用携带人6Ckine基因的重组复制缺陷型腺病毒(Ad-6Ckine)感染人外周血单个核细胞来源的DC,检测Ad-6Ckine-DC对6Ckine的表达及细胞因子分泌的影响,并观察其吞噬功能和表型的变化及对自身T淋巴细胞的趋化作用。用结肠癌LoVo细胞抗原致敏Ad-6Ckine-DC,将该DC与自身T淋巴细胞共同培养,分别用3H掺入法、RT-PCR和ELISA检测Ad-6Ckine-DC对T淋巴细胞增殖和分化的影响。结果在Ad-6Ckine转染后24h内,DC的吞噬功能几乎不受影响。转染的6Ckine基因能在DC中表达,表达的6Ckine能促进其表达CD83和CCR7,上调RANTES的表达。Ad-6Ckine-DC对自身T淋巴细胞有明显的趋化作用,抗原致敏的Ad-6Ckine-DC能显著促进T淋巴细胞的增殖,并增强其表达T-bet和IL-2的能力。结论6Ckine基因的修饰能在一定程度上促进DC的成熟,并募集T淋巴细胞于DC周围,有利于DC向T淋巴细胞传递抗原和第二信息,增强DC促进T淋巴细胞增殖的作用并使其向Th1分化,诱导细胞免疫,将成为制备肿瘤疫苗的一种良好选择。     

转基因树突状细胞激活细胞毒性T细胞特异性杀伤淋巴瘤的体外实验

目的 探讨转基因树突状细胞激活细胞毒性T细胞产生抗淋巴瘤的特异性细胞免疫反应。方法 采用人骨髓来源的髓系前体细胞,在人细胞因子IL-4、GM-CSF和INF-α诱导下,在体外生成大量树突状细胞。将制备好的含有IgVH1核酸质粒,用脂质体法转染树突状细胞。转染成功的树突状细胞与外周血T淋巴细胞共培养,激活特异性CTL细胞,与阳性表达IgVH1的人淋巴瘤Namalwa细胞反应,用3H-TdR掺入法观察CLLs对瘤细胞的特异性杀伤效应。结果 树突状细胞能够用脂质体方法转染IgVH1核酸质粒,并且有效递呈给外周血T细胞,对表达IgVH1的人淋巴瘤Namalwa细胞产生特异性免疫杀伤活性,与对照组相比差异有显著意义（P<0.01）。结论 体外诱导扩增的 DC能够转染 IgVH1核酸质粒,体外激活T淋巴细胞,产生特异性细胞毒效应。     

基因工程干扰素对慢性粒细胞白血病骨髓细胞DNA损伤修复的影响

以姊妹染色体互换为观察指标．观察了干扰素对慢性粒细胞白血病骨髓细胞DNA损伤修复的影响，探讨了干扰素对慢性粒细胞白血病的治疗机理，对指导临床治疗具有重要的意义。     

慢性粒细胞白血病ssDNA适配子检测方法的评价

目的评价慢性粒细胞白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)ssDNA适配子检测方法的临床诊断应用价值。方法基于前期构建的方法,用ssDNA适配子与K562细胞及临床CML标本结合进行检测,在优化的检测条件下,以美国临床实验室标准化组织(Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institude,CLSL)的相关标准为依据,对该方法进行方法学评价,并对方法进行临床诊断性能的评价。结果建立的方法回归方程为:y=1 476.4+495.31 x,r2=0.976 6,拟合度较高;该方法敏感性较高,特异性较强,检测高、中、低浓度的K562细胞的批内变异系数均小于5%,日间变异系数均大于5%;该方法测得的不同浓度CML标本的总平均回收率为78.7%;测得的溶血、黄疸及血脂标本的平均干扰率均>10.0%;ROC曲线下面积为0.867,ssDNA适配子检测CML组、非慢粒类型白血病组、健康对照组标本的敏感度为75%,特异度为77%,阳性似然比为3.26,阴性似然比为0.32,漏诊率为25%,可靠度为0.306,可用度为0.52。结论 CML ssDNA适配子检测方法本身灵敏度高,检测阈值低,特异性强;在临床诊断性能研究中,该方法特异性高,但敏感性较低,具有一定的临床诊断价值。但该方法抗干扰能力弱,重复性较差,且可靠度<0.5,其临床应用还有一定的局限性。     

慢性粒细胞白血病ssDNA适配子PCR扩增条件的优化

目的优化慢性粒细胞白血病(Chronic myelogenous leukemia,CML)ssDNA适配子的PCR扩增条件。方法以合成的核苷酸适配子为模板并设计引物,根据引物解链温度(Tm值)设置不同的退火温度(38.0、39.2、41.2、44.2、48.3、51.5、53.6、55.0℃)、循环次数(12、16、20、24、28、30、35、38、40)及非限制性与限制性引物比例(1∶1、30∶1、50∶1、70∶1、80∶1、100∶1),进行PCR扩增,优化CML ssDNA适配子对称PCR及间接不对称PCR扩增条件,并验证优化的PCR条件的重复性。结果对称PCR扩增的最佳退火温度为44.2℃,最佳循环次数为30次;间接不对称PCR的最佳循环次数为38次,非限制性引物与限制性引物浓度比例为50∶1时,可获得理想的ssDNA和较少的dsDNA;优化的PCR条件重复性较好。结论优化了CML ssDNA适配子的PCR扩增条件,为筛选到特异性的ssDNA适配子提供了参考,也为后续试验奠定了基础。     

肿节风注射液对荷瘤小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖活力及NK细胞活性的影响

目的研究肿节风注射液(ZJF)对荷瘤小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖活力及NK细胞活性的影响,探讨其抗肿瘤作用的机制。方法无菌取C57BL/6纯系小鼠脾脏,制成5×106个/ml的单个脾细胞悬液,MTT法检测不同浓度(50、25、12.5、6.25和3.13 mg/ml,以生药量计)的ZJF对正常小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖的影响。将近交系615小鼠经左腋皮下注射小鼠前胃癌Fc细胞(1×106个/ml,0.2 ml/只),复制荷瘤小鼠模型,并随机分成5组:ZJF低、中、高剂量组(给药剂量分别为2、10、20 mg/kg,以生药量计)、CTX组[0.3 g/(kg·3 d)]及阴性对照组(生理盐水0.1 ml/10 g),MTT法检测ZJF对荷瘤小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖及NK细胞活性的影响。结果 ZJF可显著促进正常小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性;ZJF低、中、高剂量组荷瘤小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖活力明显高于阴性对照组(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性,ZJF中、高剂量组荷瘤小鼠NK细胞的活性明显高于阴性对照组(P<0.05)。结论 ZJF可促进正常小鼠与荷瘤小鼠T淋巴细胞的增殖活力,增强NK细胞活性,为其抗肿瘤作用机制的研究提供了实验依据。     

循环应用低剂量环磷酰胺对黑色素瘤荷瘤小鼠调节性T细胞的影响及抗瘤作用

目的观察循环应用低剂量环磷酰胺(CTX)对黑色素瘤荷瘤小鼠调节性T细胞(Treg)的影响及抗瘤作用。方法通过皮下接种黑色素瘤细胞B16制备黑色素瘤荷瘤小鼠模型;对荷瘤小鼠分别经腹腔单次或循环注射CTX,每隔7d给药1次,共3次,应用流式细胞术检测小鼠脾脏中CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg的含量;培养小鼠骨髓来源的树突状细胞(DC),将DC与脾T淋巴细胞混合培养,应用ELISA法检测脾T淋巴细胞干扰素γ(IFNγ)的分泌量;同时测量肿瘤的大小,绘制肿瘤生长曲线,并观察各组荷瘤小鼠自身免疫病的发生情况。结果CTX的最佳应用剂量为100mg/kg。随着荷瘤时间的延长,荷瘤小鼠脾脏CD4+CD25+Foxp3+/CD4+的比值呈逐渐升高趋势。单次应用CTX抑制Treg的时间较短,而循环应用CTX能够延长对Treg的抑制,使其维持在相对较低的水平;循环应用CTX显著提高了荷瘤小鼠脾T淋巴细胞IFNγ的分泌水平。单次和循环应用CTX均未能延缓肿瘤的生长,两组小鼠均未见免疫性白斑及明显的化疗毒副反应。结论循环应用CTX能更加有效地调控Treg,从而促进DC对T淋巴细胞的抗原特异性激活,这将会提高DC疫苗的抗瘤效果。     

人肝再生增强因子对人外周血单个核细胞增殖的影响及其机制

目的探讨人肝再生增强因子(hALR)对人外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)增殖的影响及其机制。方法梯度离心分离PBMC,将细胞分为正常对照组、刀豆蛋白A(ConA)(5mg/L)组和ConA(5mg/L)+hALR(30mg/L)组,分别培养10min、30min、1h、2h、4h后,MTT法检测各组各时间点细胞增殖水平,钙荧光指示剂法检测细胞内游离Ca2+浓度的变化,Western blot法检测细胞内胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)的磷酸化程度。结果4h内,各组细胞的增殖水平差异无统计学意义,但ConA组细胞增殖水平已表现出逐渐升高的趋势。正常对照组细胞内Ca2+浓度在加入Fluo-3/AM后2h达高峰,ConA组1h达高峰,ConA+hALR组10min达高峰。正常对照组细胞内磷酸化的ERK随培养时间的延长而逐渐减少;ConA组细胞内磷酸化的ERK在30min达高峰,之后逐渐降低;ConA+hALR组细胞内磷酸化的ERK在2h前明显低于ConA组。结论hALR可能通过影响细胞内Ca2+浓度的变化峰值和磷酸化的ERK,来抑制人PBMC的免疫功能,从而影响其增殖。     

3种免疫调节性寡聚脱氧核苷酸佐剂体外免疫活性的比较

目的比较用于乙型肝炎疫苗的3种寡聚脱氧核苷酸(CpG-oligodeoxynueleotide,CpG ODN)佐剂体外的免疫活性。方法分别将CpG ODN 684(沃森公司)、CpG ODN 1018(Dynavax公司)和CpG ODN 7909(Coley公司)序列体外刺激免疫人外周血单个核细胞(peripheral blood mononuclear cell,PBMC)和人树突状细胞系GEN,采用氚-胸腺嘧啶核苷(3H-TdR)渗入法检测人PBMC增殖活力,ELISA法检测GEN细胞中IL-6和IFNα水平。结果 CpG ODN 7909、CpG ODN 1018和CpG ODN 684诱导人PBMC的增殖水平明显高于未刺激的对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.000 1),其中CpG ODN 684和CpG ODN 7909序列诱导人PBMC的增殖水平相似,略高于CpG ODN 1018序列;3种CpG ODN在体外对免疫细胞均具有明显的活化作用,其中CpG ODN 684和CpG ODN 7909序列体外活化免疫细胞产生的IL-6和IFNα水平相似,但高于CpG ODN 1018序列。结论沃森公司CpG ODN 684序列体外活化免疫细胞功能与Coley公司CpG ODN 7909序列相似,略优于Dynavax公司CpG ODN 1018序列。     

Elevated Th22 Cells Correlated with Th17 Cells in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological tumor in which progress T helper (Th) subsets including Th22, Th17, and Th1 cells play a pivotal role. However, the role of T helper (Th) subsets in the immune pathogenesis of AML remains unclear. Here, we investigated frequencies of Th22, Th17, pure Th17, and Th1 cells in the peripheral blood (PB) of AML patients. We demonstrated that Th22, Th17, and pure Th17 in newly-diagnosed (ND) and non-complete remission (Non-CR) AML patients and plasma IL-22 in ND AML patients were significantly increased. Retinoid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) expression was significantly elevated in CR and Non-CR AML patients. However, Th1 in ND AML patients and IL-17 in ND, Non-CR or CR AML patients was significantly decreased compared with controls. Moreover, Th22 and IL-22 showed positive correlation with pure Th17, but Th22 showed negative correlation with Th1 in ND AML patients. RORC showed positive correlation with Th22 and approximately positive correlation with pure Th17 in Non-CR patients. PB blast cell showed positive correlation with Th22 and negative correlation with Th1 in ND AML patients. Our results indicate that Th22 and pure Th17 cells conjointly contribute to the pathogenesis of AML and might be promising novel clinical index for AML.     

Adenosine A2A Receptors Are Upregulated in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Atrial Fibrillation Patients

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of cardiac arrhythmia seen in clinical practice. While some clinical parameters may predict the transition from paroxysmal to persistent AF, the molecular mechanisms behind the AF perpetuation are poorly understood. Thus, oxidative stress, calcium overload and inflammation, among others, are believed to be involved in AF-induced atrial remodelling. Interestingly, adenosine and its receptors have also been related to AF development and perpetuation. Here, we investigated the expression of adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) both in right atrium biopsies and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from non-dilated sinus rhythm (ndSR), dilated sinus rhythm (dSR) and AF patients. In addition, plasma adenosine content and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in these subjects were also determined. Our results revealed increased A2AR expression in the right atrium from AF patients, as previously described. Interestingly, increased levels of adenosine content and reduced ADA activity in plasma from AF patients were detected. An increase was observed when A2AR expression was assessed in PBMCs from AF subjects. Importantly, a positive correlation (p = 0.001) between A2AR expression in the right atrium and PBMCs was observed. Overall, these results highlight the importance of the A2AR in AF and suggest that the evaluation of this receptor in PBMCs may be potentially be useful in monitoring disease severity and the efficacy of pharmacological treatments in AF patients.     

Peripheral Blood T Cells of Patients with IPAH Have a Reduced Cytokine-Producing Capacity

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is rare disease that is categorized as idiopathic (IPAH) when no underlying cause can be identified. Lungs of most patients with IPAH contain increased numbers of T cells and dendritic cells (DCs), suggesting involvement of the immune system in its pathophysiology. However, our knowledge on circulating immune cells in IPAH is rather limited. We used flow cytometry to characterize peripheral blood DCs and T cells in treatment-naive IPAH patients, compared with connective-tissue disease-PAH (CTD-PAH) patients and healthy controls (HCs). At diagnosis, T-helper (Th) cells of IPAH patients were less capable of producing TNFα, IFNγ, IL-4 and IL-17 compared to HCs. IPAH patients showed a decreased frequency of Th2 cells and significantly enhanced expression of the CTLA4 checkpoint molecule in naive CD4⁺ T cells and both naive and memory CD8⁺ T cells. Frequencies and surface marker expression of circulating DCs and monocytes were essentially comparable between IPAH patients and HCs. Principal component analysis (PCA) separated IPAH patients—but not CTD-PAH patients—from HCs, based on T-cell cytokine profiles. At 1-year follow-up, the frequencies of IL-17⁺ production by memory CD4⁺ T cells were increased in IPAH patients and accompanied by increased proportions of Th17 and Tc17 cells, as well as decreased CTLA4 expression. Treatment-naive IPAH patients displayed a unique T-cell phenotype that was different from CTD-PAH patients and was characterized by reduced cytokine-producing capacity. These findings point to involvement of adaptive immune responses in IPAH, which may have an implication for the development of therapeutic interventions.     

An Isomeric Mixture of Novel Cerebrosides Isolated from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Impatiens pritzellii</Emphasis> Reduces Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Release of IL-18 from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

An isomeric mixture of two cerebrosides, soya-cerebrosides I and II, was isolated from an ethno drug, the rhizomes of Impatiens pritzellii Hook. f. var. hupehensis Hook. f., and their structures were identified by spectroscopic (NMR, MS) analysis. In order to determine the immunomodulatory activities of soya-cerebrosides I and II, the effects of the mixture of cerebrosides (MC) on cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the inhibitory activities to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin (IL)-18 in PBMC were studied. The MC at concentrations of 10 and 1 μM, without toxicity to PBMC in 24 h, showed obvious inhibitory activity on IL-18 secretion. Because of this effect of modulating the cellular immune response, soya-cerebrosides I and II were considered to be the active substances of this ethno drug.     

Ground Beef High in Total Fat and Saturated Fatty Acids Decreases X Receptor Signaling Targets in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Men and Women

We hypothesized that consumption of saturated fatty acids in the form of high‐fat ground beef for 5 weeks would depress liver X receptor signaling targets in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and that changes in gene expression would be associated with the corresponding changes in lipoprotein cholesterol (C) concentrations. Older men (n = 5, age 68.0 ± 4.6 years) and postmenopausal women (n = 7, age 60.9 ± 3.1 years) were assigned randomly to consume ground‐beef containing 18% total fat (18F) or 25% total fat (25F), five patties per week for 5 weeks with an intervening 4‐week washout period. The 25F and 18F ground‐beef increased (p < 0.05) the intake of saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, palmitic acid, and stearic acid, but the 25F ground‐beef increased only the intake of oleic acid (p < 0.05). The ground‐beefs 18F and 25F increased the plasma concentration of palmitic acid (p < 0.05) and decreased the plasma concentrations of arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenic acids (p < 0.05). The interventions of 18F and 25F ground‐beef decreased very low‐density lipoprotein C concentrations and increased particle diameters and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐I‐C and LDL‐II‐C concentrations (p < 0.05). The ground‐beef 25F decreased PBMC mRNA levels for the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette A, ATP binding cassette G1, sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1, and LDL receptor (LDLR) (p < 0.05). The ground‐beef 18F increased mRNA levels for stearoyl‐CoA desaturase‐1 (p < 0.05). We conclude that the increased LDL particle size and LDL‐I‐C and LDL‐II‐C concentrations following the 25F ground‐beef intervention may have been caused by decreased hepatic LDLR gene expression.     

Oxidative Properties of Polystyrene Nanoparticles with Different Diameters in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (In Vitro Study)

With the ongoing commercialization, human exposure to plastic nanoparticles will dramatically increase, and evaluation of their potential toxicity is essential. There is an ongoing discussion on the human health effects induced by plastic particles. For this reason, in our work, we assessed the effect of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) of various diameters (29, 44 and 72 nm) on selected parameters of oxidative stress and the viability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the in vitro system. Cells were incubated with PS-NPs for 24 h in the concentration range of 0.001 to 100 µg/mL and then labeled: formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (including hydroxyl radical), protein and lipid oxidation and cell viability. We showed that PS-NPs disturbed the redox balance in PBMCs. They increased ROS levels and induced lipid and protein oxidation, and, finally, the tested nanoparticles induced a decrease in PBMCs viability. The earliest changes in the PBMCs were observed in cells incubated with the smallest PS-NPs, at a concentration of 0.01 μg/mL. A comparison of the action of the studied nanoparticles showed that PS-NPs (29 nm) exhibited a stronger oxidative potential in PBMCs. We concluded that the toxicity and oxidative properties of the PS-NPs examined depended to significant degree on their diameter.     

Iron–Quercetin Complex Preconditioning of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Accelerates Angiogenic and Fibroblast Migration: Implications for Wound Healing

Cell-based therapy is a highly promising treatment paradigm in ischemic disease due to its ability to repair tissue when implanted into a damaged site. These therapeutic effects involve a strong paracrine component resulting from the high levels of bioactive molecules secreted in response to the local microenvironment. Therefore, the secreted therapeutic can be modulated by preconditioning the cells during in vitro culturing. Herein, we investigated the potential use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes, the “iron–quercetin complex” or IronQ, for preconditioning peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to expand proangiogenic cells and enhance their secreted therapeutic factors. PBMCs obtained from healthy donor blood were cultured in the presence of the iron–quercetin complex. Differentiated preconditioning PBMCs were characterized by immunostaining. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out to describe the secreted cytokines. In vitro migration and tubular formation using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were completed to investigate the proangiogenic efficacy. IronQ significantly increased mononuclear progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation into spindle-shape-like cells, expressing both hematopoietic and stromal cell markers. The expansion increased the number of colony-forming units (CFU-Hill). The conditioned medium obtained from IronQ-treated PBMCs contained high levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8), IL-10, urokinase-type-plasminogen-activator (uPA), matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as augmented migration and capillary network formation of HUVECs and fibroblast cells, in vitro. Our study demonstrated that the IronQ-preconditioning PBMC protocol could enhance the angiogenic and reparative potential of non-mobilized PBMCs. This protocol might be used as an adjunctive strategy to improve the efficacy of cell therapy when using PBMCs for ischemic diseases and chronic wounds. However, in vivo assessment is required for further validation.     

绿脓杆菌及其鞭毛蛋白联合rhIL-12体外对慢性乙型肝炎患者细胞免疫功能的影响

目的探讨绿脓杆菌及其鞭毛蛋白联合rhIL-12体外对慢性乙型肝炎患者细胞免疫功能的影响,为rhIL-12作为佐剂应用于临床提供理论依据。方法取健康人及慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs),分别与绿脓杆菌、鞭毛蛋白、rhIL-12、绿脓杆菌+rhIL-12、鞭毛蛋白+rhIL-12孵育,ELISA法检测细胞培养上清中IFNγ的含量。结果绿脓杆菌和鞭毛蛋白组只诱导产生低水平的IFNγ,rhIL-12组诱导产生IFNγ的水平较阴性对照组显著提高;而绿脓杆菌+rhIL-12组、鞭毛蛋白+rhIL-12组诱导产生IFNγ的水平显著高于绿脓杆菌、鞭毛蛋白和rhIL-12组,差异均有统计学意义,且rhIL-12的作用呈剂量依赖性。结论绿脓杆菌及其鞭毛蛋白联合rhIL-12体外能显著提高健康人和慢性乙型肝炎患者PBMCs产生IFNγ的水平,增强其细胞免疫应答。