A 16-channel 8-parameter waveform electrotactile stimulation system

We have developed a general-purpose electrotactile (electrocutaneous) stimulation system as a research tool for studying psychophysiological performance associated with various stimulation waveforms. An experimenter-defined command file specifies the stimulation current and waveform of each of the 16 channels. The system provides burst onset delay of 0-20 ms, phase current of 0-50 mA, interphase interval of 0-1000 microseconds, number of pulses per burst from 1-100, pulse repetition rate of 0.1-25 kHz, phase width of 2-1000 microseconds, and functionally-monophasic pulses (with zero dc current) or balanced-biphasic pulses (with equal positive and negative phases). The system automatically delivers the desired stimulation, prompts the subject for responses, and then logs subject responses. Key features of the system are 1) very flexible choice of bursts of pulsatile waveforms, 2) real-time control of all of the waveform parameters as mathematical functions of external analog inputs, and 3) high-performance electrode-driver circuitry.     

空间光DPSK发射与自相干接收系统实验

搭建通信速率为10 Gbps的光DPSK调制发射、自相干接收单元实验测试平台。采用光相位调制和自相干接收技术实现光DPSK系统设计。为稳定输出信号解决相位漂移,发射单元设计出自适应增益控制单元和交叉点自适应控制单元。在系统测试平台上,完成差分编码模块、发射单元和自相干接收单元及系统性能测试。实验室环境条件下,测得系统接收单元灵敏度为-48 dBm,通信系统误码率优于1×10-7;误差矢量幅度为7 %,通信性能较好,满足系统设计指标要求。     

A low-power CMOS Bluetooth RF transceiver with a digital offset canceling DLL-based GFSK demodulator

This paper presents a fully integrated 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS Bluetooth transceiver. The chip consumes 33 mA in receive mode and 25 mA in transmit mode from a 3-V system supply. The receiver uses a low-IF (3-MHz) architecture, and the transmitter uses a direct modulation with ROM-based Gaussian low-pass filter and I/Q direct digital frequency synthesizer for high level of integration and low power consumption. A new frequency shift keying demodulator based on a delay-locked loop with a digital frequency offset canceller is proposed. The demodulator operates without harmonic distortion, handles up to /spl plusmn/160-kHz frequency offset, and consumes only 2 mA from a 1.8-V supply. The receiver dynamic range is from -78 dBm to -16 dBm at 0.1% bit-error rate, and the transmitter delivers a maximum of 0 dBm with 20-dB digital power control capability.     

平衡馈电超宽带探地雷达系统的研究与实现

提出了一种新型平衡馈电超宽带探地雷达系统的设计方法,并研制了实际的电路系统。该雷达系统关键技术包括发射机平衡脉冲的实现,取样脉冲产生方法以及取样门的设计。发射机电路产生脉冲宽度为500 ps,峰值电压幅度为8 V的平衡脉冲信号。接收机采样带宽高达4.3 GHz,为平衡取样门结构,对宽带信号进行采样和保持。对雷达系统进行穿透探测实验,实验结果表明:雷达系统能成功接收携有目标信息的雷达回波信号,并能检测到混凝土实体后面的金属物。该雷达系统适合浅层高分辨率目标检测的应用。     

A design of a high-speed and high-efficiency capsule endoscopy system

This paper presents a high-speed and high-efficiency capsule endoscopy system. Both a transmitter and a receiver were optimized for its application through an analysis of the human body channel. ON-OFF keying modulation is utilized to achieve low power consumption of the in-body transmitter. A low drop output regulator is adopted to prevent performance degradation in the event of a voltage drop in the battery. The receiver adopts superheterodyne structure to obtain high sensitivity, considering the link budget from the previous analysis. The receiver and transmitter were fabricated using the CMOS 0.13-μm process. The output power of the transmitter is -1.6 dB·m and its efficiency is 27.7%. The minimum sensitivity of the receiver is -80 dB·m at a bit error ratio (BER) of 3 × 10 (-6). An outer wall loop antenna is adopted for the capsule system to ensure a small size. The integrated system is evaluated using a liquid human phantom and a living pig, resulting in clean captured images.     

探测低空大气CO2浓度分布的近红外微脉冲激光雷达

提出了用来探测大气CO2分布、基于光纤1.6um波长的微脉冲激光雷达,对其性能进行了数值模拟.微脉冲激光雷达的发射机以半导体激光器加光纤放大器为核心,饱和输出功率37dBm;接收机采用了近红外光电倍增管和光子计数器,量子效率1%;一种偏正无关性纤维光学环形器作为发射/接收转换器,分波/合波器、隔离器、滤波器、耦合器都采用光纤器件,使系统更牢固.该系统的特点是发射脉冲能量低20uJ、重复频率高20KHz、小型化.(18×106个脉冲累加)它对近地面4.7Km高度内的探测信噪比在10∶1以上.光电倍增管的暗计数2×105/s限制了系统探测距离的增加.吸收倍增分离的InGaAs/Si雪崩光电二极管将会改善雷达的性能.     

A 3-5 GHz BPSK transmitter for IR-UWB in 0.18μm CMOS

This paper presents a transmitter IC with BPSK modulation for an ultra-wide band system.It is based on up-conversion with a high linearity passive mixer.Unlike the traditional BPSK modulation scheme,the local oscillator (LO) is modulated by the baseband data instead of the pulse.The chip is designed and fabricated by standard 0.18μm CMOS technology.The transmitter achieves a high data rate up to 400 Mbps.The amplitude of the pulse can be adjusted by the amplitude of the LO and the bias current of the dri...     

Word timing recovery in direct detection optical PPM communicationsystems with avalanche photodiodes using a phase lock loop

A technique for word timing recovery in a direct detection optical pulse position modulation (PPM) communication system is described. It tracks on back-to-back pulse pairs in the received random PPM data sequences with the use of a phase locked loop. The experimental system consisted of an AlGaAs laser diode transmitter (λ=833 nm) and a silicon avalanche photodiode photodetector, and its used Q=4 PPM signaling at a source data rate of 25 Mb/s. The mathematical model developed to characterize system performance is shown to be in good agreement with the experimental measurements. Use of this recovered PPM word clock, along with a slot clock recovery system described previously, caused no measurable penalty in receiver sensitivity when compared to a receiver which used common transmitter/receiver clocks. The completely self-synchronized receiver was capable of acquiring and maintaining both slot and word synchronizations for input optical signal levels as low as 20 average detected photons per information bit. The receiver achieved a bit error probability of 10^-6 at less than 60 average detected photons per information bit     

Narrowband M-ary DPSK-DPD with L-diversity maximum ratio combining in Rician fading channels

In this paper the bit error probability (BEP) of narrowband M-ary differential phase shift keying with differential phase detection (MDPSK-DPD) and maximum ratio combining (MRC) in Rician fading channels is computed. Two systems shall be investigated. In the first system the transmitted pulse is a Nyquist pulse with bandwidth B = R(1 + β), where R is the symbol rate and 0 ≤ β ≤ 1 is the roll-off and the receiver is matched to the transmitter. In the second system the shaping pulse is a rectangle of duration T = 1/R modified by narrowband Butterworth filters in the transmitter and receiver. The fading channel is both time selective with Doppler frequency shifts of f_DT = 0, 0·01, 0·02 and frequency selective with time delays of t_d/T = 0, 0·1, 0·2. The number of diversity channels is L = 1, 2, 3 and the Rician factor is K = 0, 1, 6 dB, 10, ∞, thus the whole range between Rayleigh and Gaussian channels is covered. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DFT扩展OFDM系统中降低信号峰均比的频域成型方法

OFDM(正交频分复用)技术的主要缺点之一是其发送信号具有较高的峰均比。DFT(离散傅里叶变换)扩展OFDM系统的发送方案可以有效降低信号的峰均比。在该系统中,频域成型方法不仅对系统有无码间干扰的特性和抗噪声性能有重要影响,而且对发送信号的峰均比也有重要影响。文中首先在加性高斯白噪声信道下推导了无码间干扰和接收机最大输出信噪比条件下发送频域成型函数及接收频域成型函数所要满足的条件,然后根据该条件设计了几种频域成型方法。仿真结果表明,频域成型方法能进一步有效降低发送信号的峰均比。     

Intracranial Pressure Telemetry System Using Semicustom Integrated Circuits

A new generation of implantable, telemetric transmitters for intracranial pressure (ICP) measurements have been developed. A unique technique used in packaging the silicon piezoresistive pt essure transducer provides excellent long-term stability. Pulse code modulation is used for data transmission over a radio frequency (RF) link. To minimize the component count, two semicustom, bipolar integrated circuits are used. The transmitter electronics are housed inside a 29 ×20 ×7 mm titanium package along with the pressure transducer and two lithium batteries. Even though the transmitter consumes less than 0.4 mW of power, it is turned on remotely via RF signal transduction only on demand in order to extend the lifetime of the batteries to years. The pressure input of the transmitter has a dynamic range of ?100- +200 mmHg with a 0.3 mmHg resolution and a 1 mmHg accuracy. Long-term in vitro and in vivo pressure baseline stabilities of better than 1 and 2 mmHg per month, respectively, have been achieved.     

Design consideration on a DBR-laser transmitter for fastfrequency-switching in an optical FDM cross-connect system

The design of a laser transmitter for fast frequency switching in an optical frequency-division-multiplexing (FDM) cross-connect system that uses tunable laser diodes and passive frequency-channel selection filters is considered. Small-signal analysis of the laser rate equation is used to estimate laser switching time. The results show that the frequency switching time depends on the allowable frequency detuning as well as the frequency spacing and the carrier lifetime. Frequency switching time is obtained from the calculation of power penalty due to the frequency detuning at the receiver section with ASK and FSK direct detection schemes. To achieve frequency switching without bit loss in the cross-connect module, switching times of 4-200 ns are required to change frequencies of 500 GHz. This suggests that a duplex transmitter configuration using two laser diodes must be employed to perform fast frequency switching and bit-error-free operation in a cross-connect system. The thermally induced frequency drift is experimentally evaluated. The feasibility of the duplex transmitter configuration is experimentally verified with a 156 Mb/s cross-connect unit     

一种简易红外通信装置的设计与实现

设计了一种简易数字控制红外通信装置,系统硬件部分由红外发射电路、红外接收电路和中转电路三部分组成。系统以STM32F051C4为控制核心,以红外线为载体,采用PWM调制技术、曼彻斯特编码方式,实现了语音和温度信号的实时传输。在保证系统稳定性的同时,通过采用低功耗器件、有效控制发射脉冲占空比等措施,提高中转节点的效率。系统完成硬件电路和软件程序后,经过实验测试,在输入800Hz的正弦信号,接收装置的输出电压有效值不低于0.4V时,红外光发射电路与红外光接收电路之间的传输距离最大为4m;在减小发射端输入信号的幅度至0V时,接收装置输出的噪声电压小于40mV;电路最大供电电流不超过20mA。     

Design of high speed LVDS transceiver ICs

The design of low-power LVDS(low voltage differential signaling) transceiver ICs is presented.The LVDS transmitter integrates a common-mode feedback control on chip,while a specially designed pre-charge circuit is proposed to improve the speed of the circuit,making the highest data rate up to 622 Mb/s.For the LVDS receiver design, the performance degradation issues are solved when handling the large input common mode voltages of the conventional LVDS receivers.In addition,the LVDS receiver also supports ...     

A 1.9-GHz Single-Chip CMOS PHS Cellphone

A single-chip CMOS PHS cellphone, integrated in a 0.18-mum CMOS technology, implements all handset functions including radio, voice, audio, MODEM, TDMA controller, CPU, and digital interfaces. Both the receiver and transmitter are based on a direct conversion architecture. The RF transceiver achieves -106 dBm receive sensitivity and +4 dBm EVM-compliant transmit power. The local oscillator, based on a sigma-delta fractional-N synthesizer, has a phase noise of -118 dBc/Hz at 600kHz offset and settling time of 15 mus. The current consumption for the receiver, transmitter and synthesizer are 32 mA, 29 mA, and 25 mA, respectively, from a 3.0 V supply     

Optimization for crosstalk suppression with noncoordinating users

A joint transmitter/receiver optimization problem for multiuser communications in a symmetric crosstalk environment based on the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criterion is addressed. It is assumed that each user employs an identical transmit pulse shaping filter and sees identical direct and crosstalk channel responses. All the channels are assumed to be bandlimited with identical support that, in general, extends beyond the basic Nyquist zone [-(1/2T), 1/2T], corresponding to the common symbol period T. Necessary conditions for the optimum transmitter and receiver are derived and several useful insights generated. In particular, the performance advantage obtained by exploitation of the cyclostationary nature of the interference is demonstrated, corroborating earlier results. An algorithmic procedure to solve for the jointly optimal transmit-receive pair is outlined and used for numerical evaluation of the system performance as a function of several parameters of interest such as system bandwidth, the number of users and the number of points at which the transmitter is nonzero in the set (f: f₀+k/T) where T is the symbol period, and f₀ ∈[-(1/2T),1/2T]     

The design and performance of a 2.5-GHz telecommand link forwireless biomedical monitoring

This paper details the implementation and operational performance of a minimum-power 2.45-GHz pulse receiver and a companion on-off keyed transmitter for use in a semi-active, duplex RF biomedical transponder. A 50-Ω microstrip stub-matched zero-bias diode detector forms the heart of a body-worn receiver that has a CMOS baseband amplifier consuming 20 μA from +3 V and achieves a tangential sensitivity of -53 dBm. The base transmitter generates 0.5 W of peak RF output power into 50 Ω. Both linear and right-hand circularly polarized Tx-Rx antenna sets were employed in system reliability trials carried out in a hospital coronary care unit. For transmitting antenna heights between 0.3 and 2.2 m above floor level, transponder interrogations were 95% reliable within the 67-m² area of the ward, falling to an average of 46% in the surrounding rooms and corridors. Overall, the circular antenna set gave the higher reliability and lower propagation power decay index     

On the injection laser contribution to mode partition noise infiber telecommunication systems

The injection laser can initially turn on in a side mode rather than in the main mode when the risetime of the driving current is short compared to the electron lifetime, causing mode partition noise in digital transmission systems which have wavelength dispersion between the laser and the receiver. It is shown that increased differential loss between the main mode and side modes reduces both the incidence and duration of side-mode turn-ons and is the most desirable approach to reducing mode partition noise. The needed differential loss is a strong inverse function of the signal pulse width. Gain compression has a lesser influence on the rate of occurrence of side-mode turn-ons. Quantitative results from a computer model indicate that significant numbers of such turn-ons occur even when the side-mode power during quiescent bias conditions never exceeds the main-mode power. Biasing slightly above threshold will always increase the pulse rate at which a given laser can be operated and provides an attractive goal for designers of laser transmitter packages     

Receiver Power Allocation and Transmitter Power Control Analysis for Multiple-Receiver Wireless Power Transfer Systems

As different power has its own receivers, this paper analyzes and designs a multiple-receiver wireless power transfer (WPT) system systematically. The equivalent circuit model of the system is established to analyze the key parameters including transmitter power, receiver power, transmission efficiency, and each receiver power allocation. A control circuit is proposed to achieve the maximum transmission efficiency and transmitter power control and arbitrary receiver power allocation ratios for different receivers. Through the proposed control circuit, receivers with different loads can allocate appropriate power according to its power demand, the transmitter power and system efficiency do not vary with the change of the number of receivers. Finally, this control circuit is validated using a 130-kHz WPT system with three receivers whose power received is 3:10:12, and the overall system efficiency can reach as high as 55.5%.     

A coherent optical FDM CATV distribution system

A coherent optical frequency-division-multiplexing (FDM) experimental system for an optical CATV distribution service has been developed. This system employs a channel frequency spacing locked optical FDM transmitter and a random access optical heterodyne receiver. In the transmitter, ten 1.54-μm wavelength tunable distributed-Bragg-reflector laser-diode (DBR LD) modules were FSK modulated with a 400-Mb/s PN pattern. A reference pulse method is used for channel space control. Individual channel spacings for ten LDs are stabilized to 8 GHz. The random access optical heterodyne receiver is realized with a wavelength tunable local DBR LD, polarization diversity reception technique, and random access automatic frequency controller. A current address method realizes the random access function. The results of a ten-channel FDM transmission experiment carried out to evaluate these techniques are presented. It is estimated that over 80 channel high-definition TV signals can be distributed to 2000 subscribers with 500-GHz frequency tunable DBR LD. The feasibility of expanding the subscriber number to over 10000 was confirmed by an experiment with a traveling-wave optical amplifier