转炉炼钢渣中Cu_2O与NiO的还原实验研究

结合某钢厂顶底复吹转炉冶炼含有铜、镍等成分耐候钢的生产过程,在实验室对铁碳熔体和纯铁液还原炼钢渣中铜、镍等氧化物进行研究。结果表明,在初始条件相同的情况下,1 300℃下铁碳熔体分别还原渣中Cu2O和NiO时,Cu2O比NiO更易还原,还原速度更快。1 600℃时在实验研究的碱度范围内,含有25%FeO的转炉终点渣中Cu2O、NiO能被纯铁液在10~20 min内还原完毕,尤其前10 min内w[Cu]、w[Ni]增长迅速。在相同碱度下,渣中Cu2O、NiO同时还原的速率基本相同;随着渣碱度的增大,Cu2O、NiO还原的速率及终还原率均有所降低。     

Vaporization behavior of lead from the FeO-CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3 slag system

Vaporization behavior (1163-1463 K) of lead in the slag system of FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 with CaCl2 was examined.A thermodynamic estimation with the principle of Gibbs free energy minimization showed that the major vapor species from the sample of the FeO-CaO-SiO2-AI203 system+PbO+CaCl2 were metallic Pb,PbC1,PbCl2,and FeC12,at the experimental temperature range.The experimental results show that the mole ratio of vaporized CI in lead chlorides to vaporized Pb,simply expressed as CI/Pb,decreases with increasing temperature.The larger CUPb means a larger ratio of gaseous PbCl2,since metallic Pb and PbCI vapors are formed in a similar reduction atmosphere.The evaporation is initially rapid and becomes steady after holding for 10 rain.Gaseous PbCI2 is mainly formed during the heating period,and at the holding stage,it reacts with FeO to produce gaseous FeCI2.With regard to slag composition,FeO content and basicity significantly affect the evaporation of lead.High FeO content and high basicity promotes the formation of metallic Pb and PbCI,whereas,it prohibits PbCl2 evaporation.     

不锈钢粉尘内配煤团块高温自还原过程中金属铁的聚集

用不锈钢生产中的高碱度二次粉尘制备内配煤团块,在高温下自还原获得含铬、镍的金属铁粒.研究影响铁粒聚集长大的因素.研究表明：（1）内配煤团块的渣相碱度（w（CaO）/w（SiO2））小于2.8时,还原产物冷却过程中渣相与金属铁粒才能自然分离.碱度越低,渣量越大,越不利于金属铁聚集长大;（2）提高内配碳比,渣相残碳量明显升高,渣中过量的碳阻碍金属相聚集长大;（3）提高还原温度,直接还原铁的海绵状结构解体,逐渐聚集成颗粒状金属铁.还原温度越高,越有利于金属铁的聚集长大     

钢包渣中的氧化物与氮反应的热力学研究(二)

通过对钢包渣中V2O5,Nb2O5,La2O3等氧化物与氮反应的理论计算可知:在低压下,向还原性钢包渣中添加氧化物(V2O5,Nb2O5,La2O3),这些氧化物都可以与钢液中氮反应,对钢液脱氮有利;其中V2O5对钢液脱氮的促进作用明显大于其它两种氧化物;钢液在深脱氧的情况下,熔渣中这些氧化物都促进钢液脱氮.     

Effect Of components on desulfurization of an Al2O3-CaO base pre-molten slag containing SrO

The desulfurization experiment of an Al2O3-CaO base pre-molten refining slag containing SrO was carried out. Experimental samples were made from industrial materials. In order to predict the slag‘s desulfurization ability, sulphur capacity was calculated by means of optical basicity, and there is consistency between calculated results and experimental data. A mathematical model between components and sulphur partition ratio was established with the experimental data. Based on the regression equation, the effects of single and interactive components on sulphur partition ratio were discussed. The results show that the sulphur capacity and distribution ratio decrease with the increment of Al2O3/CaO. SrO and MgO can increase the sulphur partition ratio. The best content of SrO in the slag should not be more than 10%, and the MgO content should be about 8%. The effect of CaF2 on sulphur partition ratio is not obvious, therefore the addition should be limited for environmental protection.     

Applicability of mass action law to sulphur distribution between slag melts and liquid iron

According to the mass action law and the coexistence theroy of slag structure,the calculating models of mass action concentration for CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2,CaO-MgO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-P2O5-SiO2 and CaO-MgO-MnO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-P2O5-SiO2 slag melts are formulated and sulphur distribution between the slag melts and liquid iron is treated.It is found that Cao,MnO and FeO promote desulphurization,while MgO is detrimental to desulphurization.In addition.the sulphur sidtribution coefficients between the slag melts and liquid are presented.     

复吹转炉锰矿直接合金化热力学模型研究

基于某钢厂铁水、废钢和造渣料等的成分得出转炉炼钢的渣量计算模型,根据热力学原理得出锰的收得率和终点锰含量的预报模型。对模型研究结果表明,提高终点出钢温度、渣碱度、锰矿品位和铁水Mn含量,降低终渣含量及渣中FeO含量,可显著提高Mn的收得率和终点Mn含量。     

低钒铁水各元素氧化的热力学分析

针对攀钢低钒铁水成分,通过热力学软件Factsage对低钒铁水中各元素的氧化情况进行平衡计算分析。O2,CO2和FeO三种氧化剂,都能够使铁水中的硅、钛、锰、钒氧化进入到钒渣中,氧化顺序为钛、硅、锰、钒。三种氧化剂的氧化能力比较,FeO最强,O2次之,CO2最弱。氧化低钒铁水的钒渣的组分的最大的区别是FeO的百分含量,最少是CO2作为氧化剂时,百分含量为20.1%,钒渣的质量相对较好,所以能够使铁水中各元素的选择性氧化最佳的氧化剂为CO2。     

LFV-40型钢包炉精炼GCr15轴承钢脱硫分析

通过34炉工业性试验,对LFV-40型钢包炉中精炼GCr15轴承钢的脱硫作了简要的分析,得出了所选择的精炼渣系的碱度、成分和(FeO)含量以及搅拌功的最佳值,可以作为指导生产的参考。     

电熔再结合镁铬砖的精炼渣浸实验

用试样旋转法在1600℃下实验研究了CaO－SiO2－Al2O3－MgO－CaF2（3％）型精炼渣组成对电熔再结合镁铬砖的侵蚀影响．结合渣浸试样的电镜分析，结果表明，随渣碱度（CaO／SiO2）的增大，试样的侵蚀增加；碱度大于1．8时，试样在冷却过程中粉化．由于尖晶石保护层的生成，渣中Al2O3含量的增加能沽少侵蚀．随渣中MgO含量的增加，试样的侵蚀减少，在此基础上，讨论了对提高镁铬砖炉衬有利的炉外精炼造渣制度．     

钢包渣中的氧化物与氮反应的热力学研究(一)

通过对钢包渣中Al2O3,B2O3,TiO2等氧化物与氮反应的理论计算可知:还原性钢包渣的氧化物在低压的情况下可与氮反应,对钢液脱氮有利;钢液在深脱氧的情况下,熔渣中氧化物能较好脱出钢液中的氮;其中B2O3,TiO2两种氧化物对钢液脱氮的促进作用比Al2O3强.     

Al2O3对中钛高炉渣冶金性能影响的实验研究

为实现高铝矿与钒钛磁铁矿的合理搭配,研究了含铝中钛高炉渣中Al2O3含量变化对炉渣黏度及熔化性温度的影响．研究结果表明,在炉渣二元碱度1.15,W（TiO2）=12％,W（MgO）=9％的条件下,实验炉渣在W（Al2O3）=14％时具有良好的流动性和最低的熔化性温度（1348℃）．为高炉实际生产提供一定的理论依据．     

Wcomet直接还原法渣铁分离影响因素研究

研究还原温度、渣相配料碱度和渣中CaF2、K2O、P2O5、S、FeO的含量等因素对2CaO·SiO2形成及其相变的影响规律。结果表明,在快速升温条件下,温度高于1300℃后2CaO·SiO2才大量生成;CaF2、S和FeO对2CaO·SiO2相变不产生影响,但K2O和P2O5对2CaO·SiO2相变具有明显抑制作用;渣相二元碱度R〈1．8时渣的自然粉化效果明显变差。     

Study on sulphide capacity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FetO slags

The sulphide capacity of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-FetO slags was studied at 1773 K using gas-slag equilibrium techniques. Utilizing a Pt crucible, the slag was equilibrated with a mixture of gases, namely, CO, CO2, SO2 and N2 to provide the partial pressure of oxygen and sulphur. It was shown that at fixed FetO and Al2O3 contents and a fixed { （?O）＋（%MgO）}/（%SIO2） ratio, the sulphide capacity decreases with increasing MgO content. At a constant （?O）/（%SiO2） ratio and constant MgO and Al2O3 contents, increasing the FetO content of the slags also results in an increase of the sulphide capacity. The rising basicity of （?O）/（%SiO2） from 1.0 to 1.4 at fixed MgO, FetO and Al2O3 contents significantly increases the sulphide capacity.     

FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO—PbO-Cl体系中Zn、Pb氯化物饱和蒸气压的测定

采用气流携带法对FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO-PbO-Cl体系中Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压进行测定,并对温度、渣成分、Cl含量等影响因素进行了分析。结果表明,温度为970～1030K条件下FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-ZnO-PbO-Cl体系中Zn、Pb氯化物饱和蒸气压均随着温度的升高而增加,且P1）氯化物蒸气压值的对数与温度的倒数之间呈较好的线性关系。碱度、FeO含量均对Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压影响很大,低碱度可提高Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压,高FeO含量虽可增加ZnCl2饱和蒸气压,却降低了Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压。Cl含量越高,该体系中Zn、Pb氯化物的饱和蒸气压越大。     

熔钢与Na2O-Li2O-SiO2-B2O3熔渣间的界面作用研究

通过测定1803～1873K温度范围内3种熔钢与Na2O-Li2O-SiO2～B2O3熔渣间的界面张力值，研究了其间的相互作用。结果表明，在此温度范围内，随着熔钢中氧、硫含量的增加，界面张力值大幅降低，渣金间的相互作用加强，界面张力值随着渣中SiO。含量的增加而减小，随着Na2O和Li2O含量的增加而增加。     

P2O5对转炉钢渣矿物结构的影响

依据实际转炉钢渣理化特性,以CaO-MgO-SiO2-Fe2O3四元渣系作为基础渣系,向该渣系中加入渣量1%～7%（质量分数）的P元素,使用SEM和EDS对合成渣系矿物结构进行表征与分析。结果表明：合成渣系主要由硅酸二钙、铁酸二钙及方镁石组成,其中磷元素主要以磷酸三钙的形式固溶于硅酸二钙中,在其他相中并未发现磷元素的存在;随着磷含量的增加,磷元素在硅酸二钙矿物中的含量随之增加,并可能出现独立的磷灰石相,这可为转炉钢渣在磷肥工业的应用研究提供参考。同时,由于磷加入量增多,CaO优先与[PO4]4-反应,早先存在的方镁石逐渐消失而溶入基质相。基质相2CaO·Fe2O3向CaO·MgO·Fe2O3发生转变,最后形成2MgO·Fe2O3,表明高磷含量有利于改善转炉钢渣的安定性能。     

含BaO,Na2O渣系渣钢间硫平衡研究

在钼丝炉上进行了含BaO,Na2O精炼渣系渣钢间流平衡实验。研究 结果表明,在传统精炼渣系中加入BaO,能够提高渣系的硫容量,Na2O对渣系的硫容量也有很大的影响,但稳定性不好。     

Vaporization behavior of lead from the FeO-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system

Vaporization behavior (1163–1463 K) of lead in the slag system of FeO-CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ with CaCl₂ was examined. A thermodynamic estimation with the principle of Gibbs free energy minimization showed that the major vapor species from the sample of the FeO-CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ system+PbO+CaCl₂ were metallic Pb, PbCl, PbCl₂, and FeCl₂, at the experimental temperature range. The experimental results show that the mole ratio of vaporized Cl in lead chlorides to vaporized Pb, simply expressed as Cl/Pb, decreases with increasing temperature. The larger Cl/Pb means a larger ratio of gaseous PbCl₂, since metallic Pb and PbCl vapors are formed in a similar reduction atmosphere. The evaporation is initially rapid and becomes steady after holding for 10 min. Gaseous PbCl₂ is mainly formed during the heating period, and at the holding stage, it reacts with FeO to produce gaseous FeCl₂. With regard to slag composition, FeO content and basicity significantly affect the evaporation of lead. High FeO content and high basicity promotes the formation of metallic Pb and PbCl, whereas, it prohibits PbCl₂ evaporation.     

白云鄂博铌精矿碳还原直接合金化热力学研究

本文针对使用铌精矿代替铌铁合金在精炼炉的环境下进行直接合金化炼钢的过程,使用FactSage软件进行还原剂为C时,不同Nb2O5活度系数、温度、碱度、渣成分下[Nb]/Nb2O5值进行热力学平衡计算.综合分析结果表明,Nb2O5活度系数成为影响其还原进入钢液的重要因素之一;C作为还原剂时的有利条件为高温、低碱度、低（FeO）;（TiO2）对于[Nb]/Nb2O5的影响较小.使用《矿物炼钢》中类似体系的共存模型结果计算了C还原Nb2O5反应的吉布斯自由能随温度和碱度的变化.结果表明C还原Nb2O5反应的AG随碱度升高而增大,随温度的升高而降低.LNb随碱度升高而降低,随温度的升高而升高.