盐水预热器腐蚀原因的分析

分析了盐水预热器腐蚀的原因,包括盐水腐蚀、应力腐蚀、杂散电流腐蚀和温差电池腐蚀。提出通过保证工艺,控制盐水的pH值、温度及杂散电流腐蚀等措施可使盐水预热器的运行状态得到改善。     

盐水预热器腐蚀的原因及对策

分析了盐水预热器腐蚀的原因,包括盐水腐蚀、应力腐蚀、杂散电流腐蚀和温差电池腐蚀。提出通过保证工艺、结构的合理性,严格控制盐水的 pH 值和温度及控制杂散电流腐蚀等措施可使盐水预热器的运行状态得到改善。     

螺旋板式电解盐水预热器腐蚀原因剖析

本文通过分析本厂盐水预热器的腐蚀情况,剖析了螺旋板预热器的腐蚀机理,指出其特定的构造使得漏电电流反复出入于盐水与金属之间,造成必然性的杂散电流腐蚀,并找到了估算杂散电流值的方法,其值约为漏电电流的千分之一.     

浅谈盐水预热在生产中的应用

本文介绍了株化氯碱厂盐水四级预热(氯气—盐水换热器、氢气—盐水换热器、热水—盐水预热器、蒸汽—盐水预热器)的余热利用,并介绍了盐水酸化预热器的使用,以及防止杂散电流对盐水预热设备腐蚀的措施。     

电解系统盐水装置及管道的腐蚀与防护

浅析了电解系统盐水装置及管道中的盐水对碳钢的水线腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀、微观原电池腐蚀以及杂散电流对碳钢等腐蚀的原因,提出了采用绝缘装置、强漏电断电装置、排流接地装置、钛制盐水预热器等防护措施。     

电解食盐水生产烧碱装置中盐水预热器的防腐

分析了电解食盐水生产烧碱中盐水预热器的腐蚀原因,即杂散电流和电解质溶液引起的电化学腐蚀.采用了阴极保护和局部涂料联合保护的方法防止盐水预热器腐蚀,确定了有关参数和所用电极.防腐措施实施4年多设备仍正常使用,节约了设备制作和维修费用,减少了停车损失.     

杂散电流对列管式盐水预热器腐蚀的原因及应对措施

分析了在电解过程中产生的杂散电流对列管式盐水预热器造成腐蚀的原因及形成过程，介绍了在实际生产中所采取的应对措施。     

盐水预热器杂散电流腐蚀的原因与防护措施

盐水预热器杂散电流腐蚀的原因与防护措施李法曾郑德兴（寿光氯碱厂２６２７０９）我厂年产烧碱２．５万ｔ,采用金属阳极电解槽电解食盐水制取烧碱,现有金属阳极电解槽９８台。盐水工序的精制盐水经过盐水预热器预热至８０～８５℃以后进入电解槽。盐水经预热可以降低槽...     

TH—847防腐涂料在盐水预热器中的应用

1 前言氯碱厂在电解精盐水前使用的盐水预热器,由于受介质和杂散电流的影响,腐蚀现象十分严重。每台盐水预热器的使用寿命仅半年左右,有的厂家仅使用2～3个月即腐蚀穿孔而报废,每台盐水预热器的造价为3万元左右,据估测,全国氯碱厂每年仅此一项就耗资数百万元(还不包括修补、停产等造成的损失)。目前金属阳极正逐渐替代     

盐水预热器杂散电流的腐蚀与防护

寿光新龙电化集团采用金属阳极电解槽电解食盐水制取烧碱,精盐水经盐水预热器预热为80~85℃以后进入电解槽,精盐水预热后可以降低氯气在阳极液中的溶解度,减少副反应,降低槽电压,提高电流效率。但盐水预热器的杂散电流腐蚀问题给电解槽的安全稳定运行带来很大影响,又增加设备维     

Long-term residual value of North Carolina and Queensland rock phosphates compared with triple superphosphate

The effectiveness of large single applications of North Carolina reactive rock phosphate, Queensland non-reactive rock phosphate, and Calciphos, were compared to the effectiveness of superphosphate in field experiments in south-western Australia for up to 11 years after application. As measured using plant yield, superphosphate was the most effective fertilizer in the year of application, and relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, the effectiveness of the superphosphate residues declined to be about 15 to 65% as effective in the year after application, and 5 to 20% as effective 9 to 10 years after application. Relative to freshly-applied superphosphate, all the rock phosphates were 10 to 30% as effective in the year of application, and the residues remained 2 to 20% as effective in the 10 years after application. The bicarbonate soil test reagent predicted a more gradual decrease in effectiveness of superphosphate of up to 70% 10 years after application. For rock phosphate, the reagent predicted effectiveness to be always lower than for superphosphate, being initially 2 to 11% as effective in the year after application, and from 10% to equally as effective 10 years later. Therefore rock phosphates are unlikely to be economic alternatives to superphosphate in the short or long term on most lateritic soils in south-western Australia.     

安克锰锌在荔枝树上施用的残留代谢消解规律与安全性评价

安克锰锌是烯酰吗啉两个异构体和代森锰锌组成的多元混合制剂。试样经粉碎、溶剂浸泡提取、混合柱净化,用气相色谱测定烯酰吗啉和代森锰锌母体(CS2),液相色谱测定代谢物乙撑硫脲(ETU)。仪器最低检出量:烯酰吗啉为1.436×10-12g,代森锰锌母体1.326×10-10g,ETU2.5×10-10g,最低检出浓度依次为0.02、0.025、0.02mg/kg,方法回收率依次为86.4%～90.8%、89.2%～95.9%、89.10%～95.13%;标准偏差为0.53～4.34;变异系数为0.58%～4.62%。安克锰锌在果皮中的消解方程广西和广东分别为C=1.2719e-0.1975T和C=1.045e-0.1972T,半衰期(T/2)均为3.5d;土壤中分别为C=0.8734e-0.1187T和C=0.6171e-0.1146T,半衰期(T/2)=6d;最高剂量250倍、最多施3次,最短距收期7d,在果肉中均未检出,果皮和土壤中的残留仅分别为0.1385～0.1745mg/kg和0.3105～0.3415mg/kg,均低于欧共体规定代森锰锌MRL值0.5mg/kg。     

依达拉奉联合用法舒地尔治疗88例缺血性脑卒中疗效观察

目的观察依达拉奉联合法舒地尔治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床疗效。方法对治疗组88例患者,对照组40例患者均给予脑梗死常规治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用依达拉奉联合盐酸法舒地尔,观察记录2组患者治疗前后症状、体征,神经功能缺损程度评分等各项指标。结果本研究中,2组患者接受治疗后均有明显疗效,但治疗组在神经功能缺损程度评分、有效患者例数和总有效率上均明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论依达拉奉联合法舒地尔治疗缺血性脑卒中可清除自由基,使脑梗死区域缺血半暗带的神经细胞功能得以恢复,减轻神经功能的损伤,有效的治疗缺血性脑卒中,效果明显,且无明显不良反应,适合在脑梗死临床治疗上推广。     

The annual cycle of Flehmen in black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus)

Flehmen is a stereotyped response of ungulates and other mammals to urine. In black-tailed deer, Flehmen occurs typically in males (rarely in females), and its frequency shows an annual cycle. Flehmen in response to female urine was most frequent in November, and to male urine in January. The response minimum to both types of urine occurred in May. Fifty-five to 100% of initial responses to female urine resulted in Flehmen. The deer responded more often to female urine, and the difference between the responses to female and male urine increased from May to November. A male's own urine released Flehmen more often than did urine of other males. The response intensity varied with the spatial orientation of the male to the urinating female, and responses were usually limited to distances of 15 m or less.     

绿色环保意识的趋向

随着消费者环保意识的提高,人们除了认清绿色环保能对社会和全世界起到巨大的促进作用,还认为绿色环保能够直接、积极地反映其社会地位,在某种程度上反映出消费者自己的绿色环保意识。介绍了消费者对"绿色化"的认识,对"绿色产品"的期望以及生产厂家对"绿色原料"的认证和对"可持续发展"所做的贡献。     

Discriminative Response to Animal, But Not Plant, Chemicals by an Insectivorous, Actively Foraging Lizard, Scincella lateralis, and Differential Response to Surface and Internal Prey Cues

Responses by the insectivorous, actively foraging scincid lizard, Scincella lateralis, to chemical cues from a plant food favored by herbivorous lizards, its ability to discriminate prey chemicals from control substances, and its relative response to internal and surface prey chemicals were studied experimentally. We presented chemical cues to the lizards on cotton swabs and recorded their tongue-flicks and biting attacks on the swabs. The lizards exhibited significantly greater tongue-flick rates and biting frequencies to prey surface cues than to plant surface chemicals from romaine lettuce, diluted cologne (pungency control), and deionized water. Responses to the plant stimuli did not differ from those to the two control stimuli, in contrast with strong responses to the same plant cues by herbivores. This finding provides the first information suggesting that chemosensory response may be adapted to diet, with responsiveness to plant stimuli evolving de novo in herbivores. Biting and tongue-flicking responses were significantly greater to cricket chemicals than to all other stimuli, among which there were no differences. Thus, the lizards are capable of prey chemical discrimination, which may be ubiquitous among actively foraging lizards. The lizards exhibited more frequent biting and higher tongue-flick rates to internal than surface prey chemicals. Although different methods of stimulus preparation are appropriate for different purposes, we conclude that prey surface chemicals available to foraging lizards are most desirable for studies bearing on location and identification of prey.     

An algorithm for generating color scales for both categorical and ordinal coding

Previous research has shown multihue scales to be well‐suited to code categorical features and shown lightness scales to be well‐suited to code ordinal quantities. We introduce an algorithm, Motley, that produces color scales varying in both hue and lightness, intended to be effective for both categorical and ordinal coding, allowing users to determine both absolute and relative quantities efficiently and accurately. The algorithm first determines the lightnesses of scale colors to maximize perceived lightness differences and establish the lightness ordering, generating separate search spaces for each scale position. It then selects hues by heuristic search to maximize the discriminability of the scale. It produces scales that are ordered with respect to lightness but unordered with respect to hue and thus more discriminable than typical multihue lightness scales. In an experimental evaluation on human subjects, Motley's scales enabled accurate judgments of relative quantity, with response times superior to unordered multihue scales and comparable to ordered lightness scales, and enabled accuracy and speed of judgments of absolute quantity superior to lightness scales and comparable to multihue scales. Published 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Col Res Appl, 2010.     

Optimal biocompatible solvent design for a two-stage extractive fermentation process with cell recycling

In this study, crisp and fuzzy multiple-goal optimization approaches are respectively introduced to design an optimal biocompatible solvent to a two-stage extractive fermentation with cell recycling for ethanol production. When designing a biocompatible solvent for the extractive fermentation process, many issues, such as extractive efficiency, conversion, amount of solvent utilized and so on, have to be considered. An interactive multiple-goal design procedure is introduced to determine a trade-off result in order to satisfy such contradicted goals. Both approaches could be iterated to solve the interactive multiple-goal design problem in order to yield a trade-off result. However, the crisp optimization design is a tedious task that requires the designer to provide various pairs of the upper bounds for the design problem to obtain the corresponding solution. The fuzzy optimization approach is able to be trade-off several goals simultaneously and to yield the overall satisfactory grade for the product/process design problem.     

煤或天然气经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺研究新进展

由煤或天然气经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺是解决石油资源紧张、低碳烯烃需求量越来越大等问题的有效路线。介绍了几种有代表性的经甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺,包括美国UOP/Hydro甲醇制烯烃工艺,中国科学院大连化学物理研究所的合成气经由二甲醚制低碳烯烃(SDTO)工艺,德国Lurgi公司的甲醇制丙烯工艺,以及甲醇制烯烃与AtoFina/UOP烯烃裂解的集成工艺;分析了各工艺目前达到的技术指标及最近的技术改进,关注了各工艺近几年的工业化进程。除了SDTO工艺外,其他几种工艺有望在未来几年内实现工业化。国内甲醇制低碳烯烃工艺的开发应借助于流化催化裂化成熟的工程设计经验,同时加大甲醇制烯烃工艺流化床催化剂的开发力度。     

Adhesives in construction: A contractor's viewpoint

The development of epoxy- and polyester-based adhesives has dramatically widened the scope of adhesive bonding in the civil engineering industry but the technology of the adhesives used has often been more appropriate to the workshop than to the construction site. There is a need for the suppliers of structural adhesives to recognize this and to develop compositions and application techniques more amenable to site use. It is equally necessary for the construction industry to make more effort to understand these materials, to take advantage of their outstanding properties, and hence to use them successfully for the construction and repair of concrete structures.