珊瑚型环礁斜坡地形水下声传播特性分析

从岛礁斜坡地形条件下的声信号衰减和地形阻断效应分析出发,重点针对水下声场分布规律及其对声传播造成的影响开展研究.利用水声模型理论,结合某礁实测地形以及水文数据,建立岛礁斜坡地形下的多途声信道模型,基于Bellhop与RAM声学仿真方法,对不同地形下的声线轨迹、声传播损失以及信号时延等声场特性进行仿真分析,得出岛礁斜坡地...     

基于神经网络和功率谱的水中目标信号检测方法

将功率谱和神经网络相结合，应用于高海况、低信噪比条件下，水中目标信号的特征提取中．文中首先对信号进行功率谱估计，利用目标信号功率主要集中在低频部分的特点，提取低频信号的能量作为特征，然后利用人工神经网络对目标信号进行检测．利用不同浪级情况下海洋水压场的仿真信号数据，对某型目标舰船的水压信号进行了检测计算，验证了该方法的有效性，尤其是达到了在高海况、低信噪比条件下，对目标信号检测率比较高、虚警率比较低的效果．     

Estimation of laser beam pointing parameters in the presence of atmospheric turbulence

The problem of estimating mechanical boresight and jitter performance of a laser pointing system in the presence of atmospheric turbulence is considered. A novel estimator based on maximizing an average probability density function (pdf) of the received signal is presented. The proposed estimator uses a Gaussian far-field mean irradiance profile, and the irradiance pdf is assumed to be lognormal. The estimates are obtained using a sequence of return signal values from the intended target. Alternatively, one can think of the estimates being made by a cooperative target using the received signal samples directly. The estimator does not require sample-to-sample atmospheric turbulence parameter information. The approach is evaluated using wave optics simulation for both weak and strong turbulence conditions. Our results show that very good boresight and jitter estimation performance can be obtained under the weak turbulence regime. We also propose a novel technique to include the effect of very low received intensity values that cannot be measured well by the receiving device. The proposed technique provides significant improvement over a conventional approach where such samples are simply ignored. Since our method is derived from the lognormal irradiance pdf, the performance under strong turbulence is degraded. However, the ideas can be extended with appropriate pdf models to obtain more accurate results under strong turbulence conditions.     

一种新的振动信号分形无标度区间识别方法

为了提高振动信号关联维数计算的准确程度, 提出了一种识别分形无标度区间的新方法。该方法首先采用圆拟合、求切线斜率的方法求出相关积分双对数曲线上各点的斜率,得到斜率变化曲线;其次基于斜率变化曲线不同区间内的相关系数进行线性度判断及显著性检验,保留其中线性度较好、相关程度较高的区域;最后选择其中方差最小的区间作为该振动信号的分形无标度区间。整个识别过程中无需任何人工干预,可以交由计算机自动完成,从而避免了主观因素对分形无标度区间识别以及关联维数计算结果的影响。应用该方法对Lorenz吸引子及实测振动信号进行了关联维数值的计算, 计算结果验证了该方法的准确性和有效性。     

一种基于广义互相关的水声直扩信号检测方法

直扩信号因其低功率谱密度特性使得检测十分困难,针对传统自相关法在低信噪比条件下检测性能急剧下降的问题,在分析了直扩信号自相关特性的前提下,提出一种基于广义互相关估计的直扩信号检测方法.首先对接收信号分段并对相邻信号段分别进行广义互相关估计,估计结果采用二阶矩非相干积累,提取相关峰获得检测统计量,将检测统计量与门限比较,...     

爆破振动对隧道洞口顺层岩质边坡稳定性影响研究

爆破振动会对隧道洞口顺层边坡的稳定产生不利影响,根据隧道洞口顺层边坡的特性建立相关假设,将顺层岩体层间作用用弹簧和阻尼约束来代替,建立顺层边坡振动激励下的动力响应模型。运用结构动力学分析计算在爆破振动激励下约束上产生的动反力,建立既考虑爆破振动动态特性又考虑边坡结构性质的顺层边坡稳定安全系数的计算方法。分析表明,边坡的刚度、阻尼、空间尺寸等本身的物理结构性质,以及爆破振动的强度、作用时间、频率等因素对边坡的动态稳定均有影响。对工程实例的计算表明,计算结果能反映出实际的边坡稳定状况,该方法可用于顺层边坡在爆破振动作用下的安全计算。     

声速法温度场重建接收信号幅值影响分析

为研究声速法接收信号幅值的变化对温度场重建的影响,基于声学测温法开展了热校准风洞模拟试验,成功模拟了航空发动机燃烧室出口的温度场重建。首先从接收到的信号数据中提取特征,建立特征矩阵,用以反馈信号幅值的变化;然后,基于采集到的信号数据,通过最小二乘法进行温度场重建;最后,通过比对不同特征矩阵下温度场重建的实际效果,分析声速法采集的信号幅值的变化对温度场重建的影响。通过试验验证可知：接收信号幅值越大,重建温度场的均方根误差越大,当幅值大于理论值40%时,均方根误差大于理论值14.38%;接收信号幅值越小,重建温度场的最大相对误差越大,当幅值小于理论值40%时,最大相对误差大于理论值44.3762 K。本文的研究对推动声学测温技术在航空发动机燃烧室出口温度场测试领域的发展起到促进作用,具有重要技术借鉴价值。     

小波去噪方法在管道应力波检测中的应用

介绍了一种适合于管道应力波检测的基于小波变换的去噪方法。利用小波变换多尺度分析的优点。根据有用信号和噪声在小波变换不同尺度下的传递特性的不同，进行小波系数阈值选取后，对剩余小波系数重建信号，得到有用信号的波形。结果表明，它能较好地抑制噪声，使信号的信噪比明显提高。     

Wavelet tests for the detection of transients in the VIRGO interferometric gravitational wave detector

Here we employ discrete wavelet transforms (DWTs) to develop test statistics for the detection of transients, i.e., signals with a short duration and unknown shape, embedded in Gaussian white noise. Distributions of the test statistics under both the and alternative hypotheses can be easily derived. We test performance on a set of 78 templates provided by theoretical studies on gravitational waves emitted in a supernova explosion where we seek the maximal detection distance of the source generating the signal at which the tests correctly reject the hypothesis. We discuss practical implementation issues and performance assessment methods. We compare results with both matched filtering, an optimal method that requires the prior knowledge of the signal shape, and with the slope filtering, that uses limited prior knowledge on the signal. The wavelet statistics show a good behavior for each of the considered waveforms, unlike other detection methods.     

延时间隔对爆破振动信号时频特征的影响

为探索延时间隔对临近边坡爆破振动峰值速度、主频和信号中的能量分布等影响,在贵州某石灰石露天矿爆破施工现场进行爆破振动测试。采用小波包分析方法对不同延时间隔(25、42、65 ms)的爆破振动信号进行分析研究。结果表明,在相同爆心距条件下采用65 ms延时的爆破振动峰值速度最小,爆破振动信号的能量主要集中在0～62.5 Hz的中低频带,但是不同频带中的能量占比略有差异。随着延时间隔由65 ms减小至25 ms,其0～15.6 Hz频带的能量从54.01%增加至93.33%,15.7～62.5 Hz频带的能量从45.61%减小至6.61%,即随着延时间隔的降低,其爆破振动信号能量往低频带集中,而该频带非常接近边坡的固有频率,对边坡稳定性不利。     

超声波测振信号的能量算子解调方法

连续超声波束遇到振动物体表面会产生多普勒效应,反射超声波信号是受振动信号调制的非线性调相信号。对反射波信号求导获得调幅调频信号,再采用能量算子对称差分法,求取该调幅调频信号的瞬时幅值及瞬时频率。鉴于超声波反射回波信号存在幅值衰减现象,而超声波频率不易受外界干扰,故通过调幅调频信号的瞬时频率提取被测物体的振动速度,并由振动速度求导得到振动加速度。同时,从幅值及频率两个方面探讨振动测量范围。仿真及实验结果表明:基于能量算子的超声波测振信号解调方法能有效地提取振动信号,与传统的相位解调方法相比,具有更大的测量范围。     

Application of dynamic analysis of strength reduction in the slope engineering under earthquake

At present, the methods of analyzing the stability of slope under earthquake are not accurate and reasonable because of some limitations. Based on the real dynamic tensile-shear failure mechanism of slope, the paper proposes dynamic analysis of strength reduction FEM and takes the reduction of shear strength parameters and tensile strength parameters into consideration. And it comprehensively takes the transfixion of the failure surface, the non-convergence of calculation and mutation of displacement as the criterion of dynamic instability and failure of the slope. The strength reduction factor under limit state is regarded as the dynamic safety factor of the slope under earthquake effect and its advantages are introduced. Finally, the method is applied in the seismic design of anchors supporting and anti-slide pile supporting of the slope. Calculation examples show that the application of dynamic analysis of strength reduction is feasible in the seismic design of slope engineering, which can consider dynamic interaction of supporting structure and rock-soil mass. Owing to its preciseness and great advantages, it is a new method in the seismic design of slope supporting.     

基于两个频点的水声信号盲源分离

实际水声环境中声纳接收到的信号是卷积混合信号。文章中将两个频点盲源分离原理应用到水声信号的盲源分离中，从而有效克服信号频域解卷积过程中的排序和幅度不确定性。仿真实验结果表明该方法对水声卷积混合信号具有良好的分离效果?文章中进一步研究了水声信号在不同信噪比条件下，基于两个频点盲源分离方法的分离性能。     

Wavelet-transform-based method of analysis for Lamb-wave ultrasonicNDE signals

A new acoustic nondestructive method using Lamb waves as a probe is presented. These waves are generated and received by an ElectroMagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT). The position of flaws in the structure under test is computed from the time of arrival of the main peak of the reflected signal. Due to the noisy nature of the received signal, we use a wavelet transform algorithm to extract the required time information. The main advantage of such a multi-scale method of signal analysis is to be suitable for peak detection problems especially in highly noisy environments. We explain how we proceed to do the feature extraction, and we propose two methods for reconstructing the image of the inspected structure. Results of real-world ultrasonic Lamb waves signal analysis are presented. In addition, to test the noise robustness of the method, the case of synthetic noisy signals is also treated     

基于短时傅里叶变换的水声OFDM时间同步方法

正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)技术具有抗多径、频带利用充分、传输数据率高的优点,在水声通信中具有重要的发展前景。由于多普勒频移和多径时延的存在,需对OFDM信号进行时间同步。同步不准会引起OFDM水声通信中符号间干扰和子载波间干扰,提出了一种基于叠加单频序列的短时傅里叶变换(STFT)时间同步方法,该方案首先提取叠加在OFDM符号上的单频信号,对该信号进行短时傅里叶变换,随后对其时频幅度谱进行分析,利用平坦区域确定同步时刻。仿真和试验结果表明,该方案有效可行。     

色谱工作站中谱峰识别的设计与实现

色谱工作站在化学分析的应用越来越广泛,笔者在完成课题过程中,对色谱数据信号处理的方法进行了探讨,并在微机上实现了一套完整的色谱信号处理的算法.该算法通过分析谱峰信号的斜率变化来确定峰曲线各特征点的位置和类型,从而判别峰的类型,对峰进行分割,进而计算面积和浓度.实验表明,该算法简单实用,能可靠地实现色谱信号中各类峰的检测与判定.     

基于超声回波能量峰值点拟合的气体超声波流量计信号处理方法

针对气体超声波流量计信号处理中难以找到稳定特征点的问题,从回波信号能量的角度出发,研究了回波信号能量的变化规律。回波能量信号轮廓的上升段中间部分比较稳定且中间部分包络线斜率相对较大,近似一条直线。因此,提出一种基于回波能量峰值点拟合的信号处理方法,即连接回波能量信号上升段相邻的峰值点并求得各连线的斜率,选取斜率较大的4条连线作为特征直线,将这4条特征直线对应的右端点作为特征峰值点,并拟合成一条直线,以该直线与x轴的交点作为特征点,从而计算出超声波的传播时间。在基于FPGA和DSP的双核心系统上实时实现该信号处理方法,并在国家认可的检测机构进行标定实验,结果表明:基于回波能量峰值点拟合信号处理方法的双声道气体超声波流量计系统达到1级精度,可测流量范围为30~1200m³/h。     

Open-loop operation experiments in a resonator fiber-optic gyro using the phase modulation spectroscopy technique

A detection system in the resonator fiber-optic gyro is set up by the phase modulation (PM) spectroscopy technique. The slope of the demodulated curve near the resonant point is found to affect the ultimate sensitivity of the gyro. To maximize the demodulated signal slope, the modulation frequency and index are optimized by the expansion of the Bessel function and optical field overlapping method. Using different PM frequencies for the light waves, the open-loop gyro output signal is observed. The modulation frequency in this PM technique is limited only by the cutoff frequency of the LiNbO3 phase modulators, which can reach several gigahertz. This detection technique and system can be applied to the resonator micro-optic gyro with a less than 10 cm long integrated optical ring.     

Radar detection based on Bayesian estimation of target amplitude

A new approach to detect a target with an unknown amplitude in clutter is proposed. The received signal models under two hypotheses, H/sub 0/and H/sub 1/, are assumed to be the same, except that the target amplitude is zero under H/sub 0/. Using the Bayesian approach, it is shown that the likelihood ratio can be calculated as the ratio of the prior to posterior probabilities of the target amplitude. Based on this relation, a new method for target detection in Gaussian clutter is presented. This method is applied to cases with both known and unknown clutter statistics and in each case, white and coloured clutters are considered. Simulation results show that the proposed detector has a much better performance compared with conventional generalised likelihood ratio test detectors.     

DS-UWB接收机双陷波器抑制窄带干扰研究

针对直接扩频序列超宽带(DS-UWB)通信系统中常见的窄带干扰问题, 提出了一种采用陷波技术的窄带干扰抑制新方法.理论分析表明,传统的只使用接收陷波器的窄带干扰抑制方法在滤出窄带干扰信号的同时,也导致了有用信号和模板信号相关函数峰值的损失,劣化了系统误码性能,而该方法同时对接收信号和模板信号进行相同的陷波处理可补偿这种损失,提高系统性能.对DS-UWB接收机的仿真结果表明,当信干比(SIR)为-20dB时,采用该方法后误码率(BER)曲线与没有干扰时的曲线基本重合;当Eb/n0=8dB时,对应BER＝1E-3,该方法较没有陷波器时抗窄带干扰能力提高了26dB;较只有接收陷波器时提高了17dB.以上结果说明该方法是DS-UWB接收机窄带干扰抑制的有效方法.