圆弧曲梁面内自由振动的微分容积解法

用微分容积法求解圆弧曲梁在面内的自由振动问题。通过微分容积法将曲梁自由振动的控制微分方程和边界约束方程离散成为一组线性齐次代数方程组，这是一典型的特征值问题，求解这一特征值问题可以求得其自由振动的圆频率。中采用了考虑轴向变形、剪切变形和转动效应的理论，并采用子空间迭代法求解频率方程。数值算例表明，本方法稳定收敛、精度较高，对圆弧曲梁问题简单、有效。     

考虑水平摩阻力的弹性地基梁大变形弯曲分析

设水平摩阻力与垂直支承反力成正比,建立了任意对称荷载作用下有限长弹性地基梁大变形的平衡微分方程式.进行了合理的位移形函数假设,利用Galerkin方法建立非线性代数方程组,采用迭代法进行求解,得到了弹性地基梁的位移和内力解.通过实例计算可知,水平摩阻力对弹性地基梁的挠度和剪力影响很小,而对弯矩和轴力影响很大.当要考虑弹...     

DEM: A new computational approach to sheet metal forming problems

Many current approaches to finite element modelling of large deformation elastic—plastic forming problems use a rate form of the virtual work (equilibrium) equations, and a finite element representation of the displacement components. Called the incremental method, this approach produces a three-field formulation in which displacements, stresses and effective strain are dependent variables. Next, the formulation is converted to a one-field displacement formulation by an algebraic time discretization which uses a low order explicit time-stepping procedure to integrate the equations. This approach does not produce approximations which satisfy the discrete equilibrium equations at all times and, moreover, the advantage of the single-field algebraic formulation is realized at the expense of very small time steps needed to produce stability and accuracy in the numerical calculations. This paper describes a variant of the mixed method in which all three field variables (displacements, stresses and effective strain) are given finite element representations. The discrete equilibrium equations then generate a nonlinear system of algebraic equations whose solutions represent a manifold, while the constitutive equations form a system of ordinary differential equations. A commercially available, variable time step/variable order code is then used to integrate this differential/algebraic system. When applied to the problem of hydrostatic bulging of a membrane, the new approach requires far less computer time than the incremental method.     

Three-step multi-domain BEM solver for nonhomogeneous material problems

A three-step solution technique is presented for solving two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nonhomogeneous material problems using the multi-domain boundary element method. The discretized boundary element formulation expressed in terms of normalized displacements and tractions is written for each sub-domain. The first step is to eliminate internal variables at the individual domain level. The second step is to eliminate boundary unknowns defined over nodes used only by the domain itself. And the third step is to establish the system of equations according to the compatibility of displacements and equilibrium of tractions at common interface nodes. Discontinuous elements are utilized to model the traction discontinuity across corner nodes. The distinct feature of the three-step solver is that only interface displacements are unknowns in the final system of equations and the coefficient matrix is blocked sparse. As a result, large-scale 3D problems can be solved efficiently. Three numerical examples for 2D and 3D problems are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented technique.     

Large deflection analysis of beams with variable stiffness

Summary. In this paper, the Analog Equation Method (AEM), a BEM-based method, is employed to the nonlinear analysis of a Bernoulli-Euler beam with variable stiffness undergoing large deflections, under general boundary conditions which maybe nonlinear. As the cross-sectional properties of the beam vary along its axis, the coefficients of the differential equations governing the equilibrium of the beam are variable. The formulation is in terms of the displacements. The governing equations are derived in both deformed and undeformed configuration and the deviations of the two approaches are studied. Using the concept of the analog equation, the two coupled nonlinear differential equations with variable coefficients are replaced by two uncoupled linear ones pertaining to the axial and transverse deformation of a substitute beam with unit axial and bending stiffness, respectively, under fictitious load distributions. Besides the effectiveness and accuracy of the developed method, a significant advantage is that the displacements as well as the stress resultants are computed at any cross-section of the beam using the respective integral representations as mathematical formulae. Several beams are analyzed under various boundary conditions and loadings to illustrate the merits of the method as well as its applicability, efficiency and accuracy.     

The Global Nonlinear Galerkin Method for the Analysis of Elastic Large Deflections of Plates under Combined Loads: A Scalar Homotopy Method for the Direct Solution of Nonlinear Algebraic Equations

In this paper, the global nonlinear Galerkin method is used to perform an accurate and efficient analysis of the large deflection behavior of a simply-supported rectangular plate under combined loads. Through applying the Galerkin method to the governing nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) of the plate, we derive a system of coupled third order nonlinear algebraic equations (NAEs). However, the resultant system of NAEs is thought to be hard to tackle because one has to find the one physical solution from among the possible multiple solutions. Therefore, a suitable initial guess is required to lead to the real solution for given load conditions. The feature of this paper is that we apply the global nonlinear Galerkin method to the governing PDEs and solve the resultant NAEs directly in each load step. To keep track of the physical solution, the initial guess for the current load step is provided by taking the solution of the NAEs for the last step as the initial guess. Besides, the size of the NAEs grows dramatically larger, with the increase of the number of terms of the trial functions, which will cost much more computational efforts. An exponentially convergent scalar homotopy algorithm (ECSHA) is introduced to solve the large set of NAEs. The approach in the present paper is more direct and simpler than either the incremental global Galerkin method, or the incremental local Galerkin method (finite element method) based on a symmetric incremental weak-form; both of which methods lead to the inversion of tangent stiffness matrices and Newton-Raphson iterations in each load step. The present method of exponentially convergent scalar homotopy of directly solving the NAEs is much better than the quadratically convergent Newton-Raphson method. Several numerical examples are provided to validate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed scheme.     

基于完全笛卡尔坐标的多体系统微分-代数方程符号线性化方法

多体系统动力学方程分为两类形式,即微分方程和微分-代数方程。这两类方程都是针对大位移系统,并且方程呈强非线性。为研究多体系统小位移或振动问题,从多体系统动力学方程出发,讨论微分-代数方程线性化计算机代数问题。利用完全笛卡尔坐标描述多刚体系统,建立多刚体系统动力学微分-代数方程。利用逐步线性化方法和计算机代数,分别对多体系统微分-代数方程的广义质量阵,约束方程和广义力阵在平衡位置附近进行Taylor展开。给出一种基于完全笛卡尔坐标的多体系统动力学微分-代数方程符号线性化方法。最后通过两个算例验证该方法的有效性。     

弹性曲梁几何非线性精确模型及其数值解

基于直法线假设,采用轴线可伸长梁的几何非线性理论,建立了弹性曲梁在任意荷载(保守和非保守)作用下的静态大变形数学模型。其中包含了轴线弧长、轴线位移、横截面转角、内力等七个独立未知函数。通过引进变形后的弧长为未知函数,使得问题的求解区间为未变形梁的轴线长度。该模型不仅考虑了轴线伸长,同时精确地考虑了梁的初始曲率对变形的影响以及轴向变形与弯曲变形之间的相互耦合效应。作为应用,采用打靶法计算了悬臂半圆形曲梁在沿轴线均布的切向随动载荷作用下的非线性平面弯曲问题,给出了随载荷参数大范围变化的平衡路径曲线及平衡构形。     

基于Woodbury非线性方法的迭代算法对比分析

在结构局部非线性求解过程中,刚度矩阵仅部分元素发生改变,此时切线刚度矩阵可写成初始刚度矩阵与其低秩修正矩阵和的形式,每个增量步的位移响应可用数学中快速求矩阵逆的Woodbury公式高效求解,但通常情况下迭代计算在结构非线性分析中是不可避免的,因此迭代算法的计算性能也对分析效率有重要影响。该文以基于Woodbury非线性方法为基础,分别采用Newton-Raphson （N-R）法、修正牛顿法、3阶两点法、4阶两点法及三点法求解其非线性平衡方程,并对比分析5种迭代算法的计算性能。利用算法时间复杂度理论,得到了5种迭代算法求解基于Woodbury非线性方法平衡方程的时间复杂度分析模型,定量对比了5种迭代算法的计算效率。通过2个数值算例,从收敛速度、时间复杂度和误差等方面对比了各迭代算法的计算性能,分析了各算法适用的非线性问题。最后,计算了5种算法求解基于Woodbury非线性方法平衡方程的综合性能指标。     

微分对接条件对次谐共振影响的研究

根据模态综合法并借助二阶非完整约束系统的Routh型方程,建立了考虑全部代数和微分对接条件下,非线性转子—支承系统的运动微分方程。然后采用一种新的等效线性化技术,求解系统的次谐共振,大大简化了分析过程并提高了计算效率。通过对对接条件之作用的定量研究,结果表明:微分对接条件对次谐共振影响较大,而由不独立的微分对接条件转化得来的代数对接条件,对次谐共振影响很小;考虑微分对接条件,能明显提高方法的收敛速度。因此,应当考虑微分对接条件,尽管这会增加推导工作量和综合后矩阵的阶数,但并不影响计算效率。     

TWO SIMPLE FAST INTEGRATION METHODS FOR LARGE-SCALE DYNAMIC PROBLEMS IN ENGINEERING

A new simple explicit two-step method and a new family of predictor–corrector integration algorithms are developed for use in the solution of numerical responses of dynamic problems. The proposed integration methods avoid solving simultaneous linear algebraic equations in each time step, which is valid for arbitrary damping matrix and diagonal mass matrix frequently encountered in practical engineering dynamic systems. Accordingly, computational speeds of the new methods applied to large system analysis can be far higher than those of other popular methods. Accuracy, stability and numerical dissipation are investigated. Linear and nonlinear examples for verification and applications of the new methods to large-scale dynamic problems in railway engineering are given. The proposed methods can be used as fast and economical calculation tools for solving large-scale nonlinear dynamic problems in engineering.     

色噪声与确定性谐波联合激励下Bouc-Wen动力系统响应的统计线性化方法

提出了一种用于求解色噪声和确定性谐波联合作用下单自由度Bouc?Wen系统响应的统计线性化方法.基于系统响应可分解为确定性谐波和零均值随机分量之和的假定,将原滞回运动方程等效地化为两组耦合的且分别以确定性和随机动力响应为未知量的非线性微分方程.利用谐波平衡法求解确定性运动方程,利用统计线性化方法求解色噪声激励下的随机运...     

圆板轴对称自由振动的微分容积解法

本文用一种新型的数值方法——微分容积法求解任意边界条件下圆形中厚板的轴对称自由振动问题。通过微分容积法将中厚板轴对称自由振动的控制微分方程和边界条件离散成为一组关于各配点位移的齐次的线性代数方程，这是一典型的特征值问题，求解该特征值问题便可求得板的自振频率和振型。文中用一些数值算例研究了该方法的收敛性和数值精度，展示了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

An experimental–numerical hybrid technique for three dimensional stress analysis

The paper describes a numerical method for determining the stress distribution in the interior of a three-dimensional body using experimentally determined surface stresses, and the interior displacements from surface displacements. The normal and shear stresses inside the body are obtained by solving Laplace's equation in terms of sum of normal stresses together with the three-dimensional compatibility equations in terms of stresses, using the finite difference technique, when the stresses on the surface of the body are known. On the other hand if surface displacements are known (from which strain components could be determined) then displacement components in the interior of a body can be determined by solving Laplace's equation in terms of sum of normal strains together with the three-dimensional equilibrium equations in terms of displacements. It is shown that axi-symmetric problems can also be solved in an identical way by transforming the equations into cylindrical co-ordinates. The application of the method has been illustrated through several examples.     

Post-buckling analysis of viscoelastic plates with fractional derivative models

The post-buckling response of thin plates made of linear viscoelastic materials is investigated. The employed viscoelastic material is described with fractional order time derivatives. The governing equations, which are derived by considering the equilibrium of the plate element, are three coupled nonlinear fractional partial evolution type differential equations in terms of three displacements. The nonlinearity is due to nonlinear kinematic relations based on the von Kármán assumption. The solution is achieved using the analog equation method (AEM), which transforms the original equations into three uncoupled linear equations, namely a linear plate (biharmonic) equation for the transverse deflection and two linear membrane (Poisson’s) equations for the inplane deformation under fictitious loads. The resulting initial value problem for the fictitious sources is a system of nonlinear fractional ordinary differential equations, which is solved using the numerical method developed recently by Katsikadelis for multi-term nonlinear fractional differential equations. The numerical examples not only demonstrate the efficiency and validate the accuracy of the solution procedure, but also give a better insight into this complicated but very interesting engineering plate problem     

圆弧拱平面内弯曲失稳一般理论

现有的拱的平面内稳定理论有很大分歧。本文采用平截面假定,未作任何近似地采用了有限变形理论中的应变位移关系,完整地考虑了横向应力和剪应力的二阶效应,用虚功原理推导了拱的平面内非线性分析的平衡方程。之所以引入横向应力的非线性效应,是因为保持平衡所需的各应力分量的二阶效应会部分相互抵消,忽略其中任何一个都可能导致不正确的结果。文中还给出了内力采用线性分析结果的近似非线性分析方程,可以用于绝大多数工程问题的求解。对拱的内力和位移的线性问题进行了精确求解,代入非线性方程后得到了圆弧拱屈曲分析的平衡微分方程。用Galerkin法求得了考虑/不考虑拱内弯矩和剪力影响、考虑/不考虑屈曲前变形影响的临界荷载,并讨论了拱轴不可伸长假定的影响。系统地与前人的研究进行了比较。     

随机动力学中FPK方程的径向基点插配点方法求解

应用径向基点插配点方法对随机动力学中的FPK方程进行了求解.所求未知函数的空间插值采用径向基点插近似,而时间导数离散采用差分格式,建立具有带宽特性的代数方程,采用逐次超松弛迭代法（SOR）有效地求解所得到的代数方程.针对线性振子和杜芬振子问题的FPK方程进行了具体的数值求解,计算结果表明了方法的有效性,尤其是散点模型的计算结果表明该方法具有比其它有网格数值方法对非规则离散模型适应性更强的优点.     

Non-Gaussian stochastic response of nonlinear compliant platforms

A moment function method is presented to estimate the stochastic response of compliant offshore platforms with nonlinearity in stiffness based on non-Gaussian closure. For guyed towers with clump weight, the nonlinearity in stiffness is of the softening type. The random wave loading is expressed in terms of a rational spectrum, making the system Markovian. Using Ito's rule for stochastic differentiation, differential equations for moments up to the fourth order are developed. The system of equations is closed by considering the fifth and sixth cumulants to be zero. For stationary response, differential equations become algebraic equations. The moments are obtained by solving the system of nonlinear algebraic equations. It is observed that the Gaussian closure method is inadequate for defining the complete probabilistic characteristics of the response.     

复合材料层合开顶扁球壳在集中冲击下的非线性动力屈曲

研究了具有刚性中心的复合材料层合开顶扁球壳在中心集中冲击载荷作用下的非线性动力屈曲问题。通过增加横向转动惯量项得到中心集中冲击下复合材料层合开顶扁球壳非线性稳定性的控制方程，采用Galerkin方法得到以刚性中心位移表达的冲击动力响应方程，并用Runge-Kutta方法进行数值求解，应用Budiansky-Roth准则（简称B—R准则）确定冲击屈曲的临界荷载；讨论了壳体几何尺寸对复合材料层合开顶扁球壳冲击屈曲的影响。     

圆柱壳几何大变形非线性频率求解的渐近摄动法

为解决圆柱壳在工作状态中由几何大变形而引起的弱非线性振动问题，将渐近摄动法引入求解考虑几何非线性的薄壁圆柱壳振动频率。首先，应用Donnell＇s简化壳理论获得了考虑几何大变形情况下具有位移三次项的非线性频率方程，把位移及频率以非线性参数的幂级数形式展开，并令同次幂的非线性项系数相等，由此得到非线性频率一次近似值与初始振幅的一系列耦合代数方程，引入Galerkin＇s方法对非线性频率方程进行解耦正交并忽略其中的永年项，考虑了对应实数根，各阶频率对应的振幅间不存在相互耦合的内共振现象，最终在引入小参数后用摄动法求出了非线性频率的一次近似解。计算结果表明，几何非线性使薄壁圆柱壳产生硬化，其非线性频率升高，并同时讨论了线性、非线性频率与节径数及初始位移之间的关系。