中压变频电力电缆载流能力的研究及试验

对变频系统用电力电缆载流量的计算原理和主要影响因素进行讨论,给出了相应的计算公式。选择典型规格电缆进行载流量试验,得到了在不同频率下电缆载流能力的实际测试数据。与理论计算值对比显示,电力电缆载流量随频率的升高逐渐降低,与工频相比,频率为400 Hz时,载流量下降约15%。此外还对提高变频情况下电缆的载流能力提出了建议。     

低噪声内燃机精密电站中频电力电缆选型计算法

论述了低噪声内燃机精密电站所涉及的中频电缆的计算方法.内燃机精密电站中频(400 Hz)供电的电力电缆的选择不能简单地根据电缆的允许载流量及其在线路中的电阻压降来确定.由于输出频率的提高,使得趋肤效应和邻近效应作用显著,且存在较大的电抗引起的压降.当用普通电力电缆输送中频电能时,必须进行较为详细的选择计算.     

0.1 Hz超低频(SLF)耐压试验

介绍电缆常用的试验方法,指出了交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆试验存在的主要问题,提出了0.1Hz超低频(SLF)耐压试验方法,给出了0.1Hz超低频(SLF)耐压试验的标准和规范。     

基于PDC的多应力老化乙丙橡胶电缆绝缘状态评估

为了能准确地评估乙丙橡胶电缆的绝缘老化状态,搭建了多应力加速老化试验系统。测量了不同老化周期后电缆试样绝缘的极化与去极化电流,通过等温松弛理论和扩展德拜模型分别提取了老化因子A和低频介质损耗因数(tanδ_(0.1 Hz))来评估电缆绝缘的老化状态。结果表明:老化因子A与tanδ_(0.1 Hz)对表征乙丙橡胶电缆绝缘的劣化状况具有很好的一致性。随着老化程度的加深,老化因子A呈指数增长规律,tanδ_(0.1 Hz)也逐渐增大。由PDC法得到的老化因子A和tanδ_(0.1 Hz)都能较好地评估乙丙橡胶电缆的绝缘状态。     

高温超导电缆交直流伏安特性测试与分析

为了研究高温超导电缆在直流和交流载流情况下伏安特性的变化规律,提出基于第二代YBCO高温超导体的冷绝缘超导电缆交直流伏安特性测试方法,搭建了伏安特性测试实验系统,通过对一根0.2m长,110k V/1.5k A高温超导电缆样缆的交直流伏安特性进行测试,获得了超导电缆在直流、30Hz、100Hz和工频载流下伏安特性变化规律。结果表明,超导电缆的直流伏安特性曲线呈现E-J指数关系,且失超变化清楚,而交流下当超导电缆通流值低于直流临界值时,交流伏安特性曲线变化平缓,之后随通流能力增加后该曲线呈逐渐上升趋势,超导电缆没有出现明确的失超变化点。研究结果对于开展超导电缆运行稳定性研究提供了较大的参考价值。     

50Hz和400Hz下银镍合金触头材料电弧侵蚀研究

为研究低压、小电流、纯阻性负载下银基合金触头材料在交流400Hz的电弧侵蚀特性,通过研制的小容量可变频ASTM触头通断微机测试系统、SEM和EDAX,测量与分析了50Hz和400Hz下触头开断过程中AgNi、AgC和AgW触头材料燃弧特征值,分析了AgNi触头材料的表面形貌与微区组份,探讨了50Hz和400Hz两种交流频率下AgNi合金触头材料电弧侵蚀的成因。     

阻尼振荡波电压下含针尖缺陷交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘的击穿特性研究

基于10 kV交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆试样,在阻尼振荡波(DAC)作用下,研究了20~300 Hz频率内含针尖缺陷电缆绝缘的击穿特性随频率的变化规律。结果表明:在38.2~173.2 Hz内,DAC击穿电压随频率的升高而增大,在173.2 Hz处击穿电压达到峰值约为24 kV;在173.2~300 Hz内,DAC击穿电压随频率的升高而降低。     

50Hz和400Hz低压阻性小电流电弧对AgMeO触头电弧侵蚀的研究

利用电光分析天平、扫描电镜与能谱仪测量与分析了CAgCdO与AgSnO2In2O3触头材料在低压交流50Hz和400Hz、纯阻性、小电流通断试验的表面形貌与组份,探讨了50Hz和400Hz下AgMeO触头材料电弧侵蚀机理.     

交联电缆0．1Hz试验方法研究

通过理论推导得出0．1Hz、3％、60min耐压等效为10min下的耐压值,并验证了其有效性。通过大量的试验研究,实测得到国内电缆的老化指数（n）。通过模拟不同的电缆故障,验证0．1Hz试验方法与工频试验方法之间的等效性。     

XLPE电缆绝缘介损正切检测方法研究

分析了工频电压、0.1 Hz超低频电压、串联谐振条件下现场测量XLPE电缆tanδ的适用性及优缺点。对比发现,工频电压下用电桥测量tanδ能准确反映XLPE电缆的绝缘状况,但电桥容量较小限制了其使用范围;0.1 Hz超低频电压下测量tanδ的方法得到了广泛研究和认同,但tanδ值不能表征XLPE电缆工频电压下的绝缘状况;串联谐振装置测量tanδ能基本反映XLPE电缆的绝缘状况,但配套设备体积制约了其应用。     

Steady-state operating conditions of very long EHVAC cable lines: Two case studies

The paper deals with the operation of very long EHV AC cable lines in a well-developed bulk power system, by simulating two 400 kV-50 Hz single circuit cable lines, 80-100 km long, installed at different locations of the Italian transmission network, both standing alone and in parallel to an existing overhead line. The power transmission limits of the considered cable lines are assessed analytically, as well as the required amount of shunt compensation and its location, at line terminals or also at mid-line; a criterion for sizing mid-line shunt compensation is also proposed. In order to check theoretical analyses carried out by analytical formulas, AC load flow simulations of the transmission network with the hypothetical cable lines in place are evaluated, referring to severe loading conditions in both normal and post-contingency operation. Open-ended cable operation and shunt compensation contingencies are also addressed. Results show that power transmission limits due to cable ampacity and higher active power flows due to low cable reactance do not pose special constraints on the operation of the powerful network under examination. Appropriate shunt compensation minimizes the effects of surplus cable reactive power, allowing to operate long 400 kV-50 Hz cable lines (up to 100 km at least) with reactors at line terminals only. Moreover, if shunt compensation is installed also at mid-line, operating capabilities of the long cable lines are enhanced and losses reduced.     

Design considerations for powering 415 Hz computer systems

It is noted that the design of 415 Hz power systems for mainframe computer systems requires additional considerations beyond those of conventional 60 Hz systems. The effects of the higher frequency on the wiring, components, and power system design are explored. Voltage drop, line drop compensation, centralized versus distributed power sources, and the special requirements of typical mainframe computer systems are considered. The power quality requirements of 415 Hz computer systems are significantly different from those of 60 Hz computer systems. The steady-state voltage tolerance is generally much tighter while the frequency tolerance is much broader. Because of the effects of the higher frequency on wiring impedance, 415 Hz wiring practices are different from those for a 60 Hz system. Nonmetallic or nonferrous wireways and relatively short wiring runs are recommended. Wire sizes larger than #2/0 are not effective at reducing wiring voltage drop, parallel conductors in parallel conduits are recommended. For best results, multiconductor cable assemblies such as the seven-conductor 400 Hz cable are recommended. Both passive and active line drop compensation techniques are available to help offset wiring voltage drop. Centralized 415 Hz power sources offer the advantages of economies of scale and ease of redundancy, which having the disadvantages of complicated 415 Hz wiring system design, higher installation costs, lack of flexibility, and potential load interactions. Distributed 415 Hz power sources minimize 415 Hz wiring and make it easier to meet the computer system's power requirements     

Steady-state operating conditions of very long EHVAC cable lines

In the present paper the authors investigate steady-state capabilities of very long EHVAC underground cable lines, without intermediate compensating stations, installed in meshed networks. Analytical formulas of cable length-loading relationship are presented to this purpose. The study shows that, in optimal operating conditions, most of the ampacity of such long underground cable lines can be exploited for active power transmission. Non-optimal operating envelopes are studied, showing the effect of terminal voltages and line losses on cable utilization and evidencing limited derating under realistic hypotheses. A parametric analysis of loading limits and possible voltage violations along the cable is shown; a simple criterion for optimal utilization of lossy cable lines is also proposed. Line-end shunt compensation requirements for integration of long EHVAC cable lines in transmission networks are then specified. Studies performed for both ideal and real cables and shunt reactors show that active power transmission of 100 km long, 400 kV-50 Hz underground cable lines can attain 90% of their thermal limit, without intermediate compensating stations. Excess reactive power and temporary overvoltages are effectively controlled by line-end compensation around 90%.     

High voltage VLF testing of power cables

This publication describes a laboratory test program conducted with the objective to develop a test that would replace the existing DC withstand test. The article describes the methodology used to establish the voltage duration and magnitude of VLF (0.1 Hz) high voltage field tests suitable for crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated power cable. The results show that the voltage breakdown of laboratory aged XLPE cable at 0.1 Hz is approximately equal to that at 60 Hz, that proof tests at 0.1 Hz cause very little damage to the cable, and that 0.1 Hz testing appears to be a satisfactory alternate to DC testing. Preliminary values are suggested for voltage magnitude and time duration of cable acceptance, maintenance and proof tests at 0.1 Hz for XLPE cable rated up to 35 kV. A program is underway to similarly evaluate samples of service-aged XLPE cable; as well as to demonstrate the use of the preliminary test values at typical utility installations     

35 kV及以下XLPE电力电缆试验方法的研究

通过对交链聚乙烯（ＸＬＰＥ）电力电缆试品的工频、０．１Ｈｚ超低频和振荡３种击穿电压的平行比对试验研究,探讨能够有效发现、判别ＸＬＰＥ电力电缆运行故障隐患的试验方法,试验研究结果表明：振荡波电压试验能够有效地发现电力电缆及其附件的制造和安装质量缺陷,超低频电压试验能够有效地发现电力电缆及其附件绝缘树枝状早期劣化缺陷;工频电压试验是一种较好的方法,需进一步深入研究。     

66 kV抗水树XLPE绝缘轻型海底电缆研制

介绍一种额定电压66 kV抗水树XLPE绝缘轻型海底电缆的研制方法。通过对模型电缆进行工频电压和雷电冲击电压击穿性能测试,按照CIGRE TB 722:2018规范对研制样品进行500 Hz/3000 h、50 Hz/8750 h、50 Hz/17500 h 3种湿式绝缘质量鉴定试验,按照CIGRE TB 490:2012和CIGRE TB 623:2015规范对研制产品进行型式试验,试验结果完全满足设计规范要求。在未来的深远海、大功率海上风机互联阵列海缆选型中,66 kV抗水树XLPE绝缘轻型海底电缆可以完美替代35 kV XLPE绝缘海底电缆。     

振弦传感器的对偶数字化变送器

针对振弦传感器应用中受电缆长度影响的问题,设计利用嵌入CPU的PWM输出功能,产生扫频现地激励传感器振弦,振弦受激励后,谐振的频率在现地经过嵌入的信号调理电路,自动增益检波,精确地检测振弦的谐振频率,实现1个对偶配套的振弦传感器数字化、隔离化、网络化变送器.变送器完成测量频率与对应物理量变化的实时数字转换,并通过隔离RS485通信输出.经过在某金属结构稳定观测系统的应用,证明该变送器的性能达到了预期目标,是一种新型的对偶变送器.     

400 kV地下电缆的敷设及成本控制

2004年,丹麦电网3条挤压成形的400kV双回电缆正式带电运行.这3条双回电缆采用波纹管,用于从奥尔胡斯到奥尔堡的400kV输电线路(140km)长达14.7km的线段中.文章介绍了400kV电缆系统,电缆的布局和连接、过渡组件以及电缆的补偿;同时也介绍了电缆线路的维护经验,还讨论了电缆的载流量,并与架空输电线路的载流量进行了对比,并将温度分布感应和动态负荷计算应用于控制中心每日的计划、预测工作中;最后,将架空线路与地下电缆线路的成本进行了对比.