Power System Control Centers: Past, Present, and Future

In this paper, we review the functions and architectures of control centers: their past, present, and likely future. The evolving changes in power system operational needs require a distributed control center that is decentralized, integrated, flexible, and open. Present-day control centers are moving in that direction with varying degrees of success. The technologies employed in today's control centers to enable them to be distributed are briefly reviewed. With the rise of the Internet age, the trend in information and communication technologies is moving toward Grid computing and Web services, or Grid services. A Grid service-based future control center is stipulated.     

The Semantic Grid: Past, Present, and Future

Grid computing offers significant enhancements to our capabilities for computation, information processing, and collaboration, and has exciting ambitions in many fields of endeavor. We argue that the full richness of the Grid vision, with its application in e-Science, e-Research, or e-Business, requires the "Semantic Grid." The Semantic Grid is an extension of the current Grid in which information and services are given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation. To this end, we outline the requirements of the Semantic Grid, discuss the state of the art in achieving them, and identify the key research challenges in realizing this vision.     

Thin Films: Past,Present, Future

Thin-film photovoltaics was developed as a means of substantially reducing the cost of photovoltaic (PV) systems. The rationale for this was that thin-film modules would be cheaper to manufacture owing to their reduced material costs, energy costs, handling costs and capital costs. However, thin films had to he developed using new materials, including amorphous silicon, copper indium diselenide, cadmium telluride and film crystalline silicon. In all cases, these technologies faced major technical and financial hurdles. The most crucial technical barriers are described within the text. Today, much progress has been made and the performance of the best thin-film laboratory cells approaches the best performance of polycrystalline silicon cells. Outdoor stability has been a problem, especially with amorphous silicon, but this material and newer thin films now display good to excellent stability. It appears that the goal of thin films—truly low-cost PV electricity that can be sold into energy-significant markets—can be achieved. However, its achievement will require both the continuing resolution of technical problems and the ongoing investment of significant public and/or private resources.     

Optical Networking: Past, Present, and Future

Over the past 25 years, networks have evolved from being relatively static with fairly homogeneous traffic to being more configurable and carrying a heterogeneous array of services. As the applications are ultimately the driver of network evolution, the paper begins with a brief history of circuit, packet, and wave services, along with the development of the corresponding transport layers. The discussion then moves to the evolution of network-node architecture, with an emphasis on the optical-electrical-optical and optical-bypass paradigms. Scalability and cost-effectiveness in meeting network demands are two key factors in the discussion. The evolution of networking equipment, along with the development of the optical control plane, has facilitated a configurable optical layer. The enabling technologies, along with their ramifications, are discussed. Finally, the paper speculates on how capacity might evolve in the future, to handle the undoubtedly new services that are on the horizon.     

电子纸的过去、现在和未来

电子纸显示技术已经在越来越多的产品和设备上得到应用。从这项技术的现状出发,分析了阻碍其发展的因素,并对其前景作出了展望。     

International Commercial Arbitration: Past,Present, Future

International commercial arbitration has a distinguished past, a vibrant present and a promising future. That is a lot to cover in a single short essay, and I will not give all three eras equal billing.     

星载合成孔径成像雷达发展现状与趋势

回顾了星载合成孔径成像雷达的发展历史,总结了现有星载合成孔径成像雷达的技术特点.现役星载合成孔径雷达的主要工作模式有聚束、条带和扫描3种,雷达采用的天线形式分为相控阵天线和抛物面天线2大类,而且性能要求全面的系统主要采用相控阵天线.最后指出了星载合成孔径雷达今后可能的发展方向,认为更高的空间分辨率、高分辨率下的宽幅成像与干涉成像是今后技术发展的主要方面.     

An Overview on Position Location: Past,Present, Future

International Journal of Wireless Information Networks - Prior to the 21st century, positioning technologies had limited applications including air traffic control, air and sea navigation,...     

摩尔定律的过去、现在和未来

分析研究了半导体技术摩尔定律的过去、现在和未来,重点分析了摩尔定律的产生、发展以及在基础物理、光刻、制造成本及功耗等方面的困难和挑战。同时讨论了"超越摩尔定律"的发展方向、适应领域范围,以及摩尔定律在未来的可能实现方式。     

中国固网通信设备制造业的过去,现在与未来

介绍了我国传统固定电话网通信设备制造业的发展简史,对2010年1—2月我国的固网通信设备制造业的产业规模,赢利情况以及2010年第1季度我国的主要传统固网通信设备产量进行了分析,得出了我国传统固网通信设备制造商应该利用设备更新换代的机会,向新型固网通信设备制造商转型的建议。     

中国农村通信的今昔与未来

中国农村通信技术经历了从人工、机电到程控的逐步而漫长的发展过程,经营体制上也经历了一系列变迁,并长期保持国营、地方国营和集体所有制等多种体制并存的局面。目前虽然农村通信已经取得了长足进步,但广大的中西部,尤其是偏远地区、山区和海岛等电信发展水平还很低,并面临各种困难。建议建立普遍服务基金,建设农村综合信息传播网,采取无线和卫星等技术,促进农村通信的快速发展。     

The Electromagnetic Compatibility of Integrated Circuits—Past, Present, and Future

Throughout the decades of continuous advances in semiconductor technology, from the discrete devices of the late 1950s to today's billon-transistor system-on-chip, there have always been concerns about the ability of components to operate safely in an increasingly disruptive electromagnetic environment. This paper provides a nonexhaustive review of the research work conducted in the field of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) at the IC level over the past 40 years. It also brings together a collection of information and trends in IC technology, in order to build a tentative roadmap for the EMC of ICs until the year 2020, with a focus on measurement methods and modeling approaches.      

The World of Liquid-Crystal Display TVs—Past, Present, and Future

The full-fledge development for liquid-crystal display (LCD) technologies began aiming to achieve a ldquowall-mounting TVrdquo in the 1960 s. Since then, it has been more than 30 years from the birth of LCD product, the market of LCDs has grown above 10 billion dollars, and in the future, it is expected to further expand at a fast pace. The driving force in the current marketplace will be the original goal, ldquoLCD TVs,rdquo which contribute to drastically improving display performance of LCD and the evolution of LCDs. This paper, therefore, will focus on the LCD-TVs, and describe their history, the state-of-the-art of the technologies, as well as the prospect of their potential in the future.     

火炮定位雷达的现状与发展趋势

文章比较详细地介绍了国外几种典型的火炮定位雷达,并且分析研究了火炮定位雷达的发展趋势.     

CPU的过去、现在与未来

文章叙述了CPU的发展历史及现状,讨论了半导体加工工艺、计算机体系结构和功耗等关键技术问题对CPU技术发展的影响.最后,对CPU的发展前景进行了展望.     

An Overview of Latin American Telecommunications, Past, Present, and Future

A historical perspective on the development of telecommunications in Latin America in the last decade is evolved in this introductory paper. The current national telecommunication situation is then considered with reference to three countries-Honduras, Colombia, and Brazil-with emphasis on planning and future programs. Because of the accelerating impact that satellite communication has had on Latin American telecommunications development, international, intercontinental, domestic, and regional satellite communication operation and plans are treated. Finally, some broad-gauge objectives for development and integration of Latin American telecommunications to provide economic growth and social and cultural benefits are presented.     

Prussian Blue Analogues Cathodes for Nonaqueous Potassium-Ion Batteries: Past,Present, and Future

Recently, potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as a new energy storage system, offering a complementary solution to lithium-ion batteries due to their cost-effectiveness and significantly high theoretical energy density, making them suitable for large-scale grid energy storage applications. The critical challenge PIBs face is the scarcity of appropriate high-capacity cathode materials. Among the various contenders, Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) stand out. The appeal of PBAs arises from their simple synthesis, economic viability, and a stable, open framework conducive to the insertion/extraction of large-size K⁺. This review aims to provide an overview of current research progress on PBAs as cathode materials in nonaqueous PIBs. A comprehensive examination of the crystal structure and electrochemical reaction mechanisms of PBAs is undertaken, with a focus on prevalent optimization strategies in PIBs. Subsequent sections delve into designing and developing potassium-based full cells architectures incorporating PBAs. The discourse culminates in a discussion on the requirements for transitioning PBAs PIBs from a laboratory setting to commercial production, aiming to chart a course for the development of advanced PIBs.