细分曲面求交裁剪算法研究

基于细分曲面的参数化表示,研究了细分曲面的精确求交、裁剪算法。首先对控制网格建立局部坐标系,将细分曲面表示为一系列小的面片,并对每个控制顶点赋予参数值。然后用改进的轮廓删除法细分控制网格,在关联曲面间进行相交性检测,得到近似交点及其参数值,再用迭代法求得精确解。根据用户指定的裁剪区域确定交线的走向,将被裁剪曲面的控制网格面分为保留面、裁剪面和删除面,设置每个裁剪面的裁剪域,从而实现细分曲面的精确裁剪。算例表明,该文的方法简单、有效。     

雕塑实体的精确求交算法

提出了一个雕塑实体布尔操作中的精确求交算法．为了确保算法的高效率、精确性和鲁棒性,采用了先确定拓扑、再跟踪的策略来进行曲线－曲面求交,以及层次求交和交线跟踪的方法,来保证裁剪曲面片分割和区域分类的一致性,从而克服实践中常见的退化情况．该算法已经在一个基于Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ／ＮＴ平台的雕塑实体造型器ＴｉｇｅｒＳｕｒｆ上实现,并通过大量造型实体实例的测试．     

一种基于矩形网格加速的曲面裁剪算法

在地质模型中.曲面一般用三角网格来表示.在三维地质建模过程中经常需要对曲面进行裁剪操作,本文描述了一种网格曲面裁剪算法.它是将传统裁剪算法中的曲面三角网格和三角网格求交简化为曲面三角网格和矩形网格求交,由于矩形网格的数据结构简单.查找和定位方便(可以直接根据坐标值定位到所位于的矩形网格单元),算法简练,较大的提高了计算速度.     

细分曲面求交交线计算方法的研究

主要针对三角网格的细分曲面求交提出了一种有效的交线计算的方法,该方法适用于任意三角网格的细分曲面中.在利用AABB和二部图进行初始控制网格相交性检测后,利用该方法快速有效地求出细分曲面的交线.     

基于ObjectARX2004的任意复杂窗口裁剪技术

窗口裁剪算法包括求交、交点排序和裁剪三步。本文根据AutoCAD图形的特点及AutoCAD中已有的功能提出将封闭的窗口定义成“面域(region)”参与裁剪运算,并给出了面域的自动生成方法;另外,本文对开环实体,利用Objec-tARX提供的实体求交函数实现了求交和排序同步完成;对闭环实体,提出组合使用“面域”的布尔操作实现窗口裁剪。综合以上技术编写的窗口裁剪程序模块具有结构简单,稳定性好的特点。     

散乱数据点的细分曲面重建算法及实现

提出一种对海量散乱数据根据给定精度拟合出无需裁剪和拼接的、反映细节特征的、分片光滑的细分曲面算法．该算法的核心是基于细分的局部特性，通过对有特征的细分控制网格极限位置分析，按照拟合曲面与数据点的距离误差最小原则，对细分曲面控制网格循环进行调整、优化、特征识别、白适应细分等过程，使得细分曲面不断地逼近原始数据．实例表明：该算法不仅具有高效性、稳定性，同时构造出的细分曲面还较好地反映了原始数据的细节特征。     

基于网格划分的曲面求交算法

本文综合网格逼近法和追踪法求交的优点，提出了一种曲面求交算法。该算法首先对曲面进行三角形网格划分，再用追踪法求各网格之间的交线，最后拟合成三次参数曲线。     

改进的布尔方法及其在虚拟ACL手术中的应用

为了实现在虚拟ACL手术中对骨骼模型进行钻孔操作的动态模拟,提出了一种针对面网格模型的改进布尔操作方法.首先对与切割曲面相交的三角形进行细分,并移动切割曲面附近的网格顶点使其位于曲面上,实现模型表面上的布尔操作;然后对切割曲面附近的模型表面进行平滑处理,以消除在顶点移动操作中带来的模型表面锯齿状现象;最后采用前沿推进方法生成模型的内壁网格,并利用基于时间的钻孔深度控制函数实现对钻孔操作过程的动态模拟.该方法消除了近似布尔方法中的"T"型点问题,能够保持模型表面平滑效果和切割边缘尖锐特征,实现了对布尔操作的动态模拟,满足实时性的要求.该方法适用于实时系统中针对面网格模型的动态、交互式布尔操作模拟.     

复杂曲面加工精度检验中曲面法矢与刀具扫描体求交算法的研究

提出了一种用于实现矢量与扫描体（代表五轴数控加工铣刀的运动）求交的有效算法,该算法首先对曲面法矢和刀具扫描体进行预处理,将曲面法矢与刀具扫描体之间的求交问题转化为有向线段与三角网格之间的求交计算,然后建立有向线段和三角网格的求交子集,减少了不必要的求交计算,提高了乍法的效率。文中举例说明了该算法在复杂曲面NC精度检验中的应用。     

表驱动的细分曲面GPU绘制

为了充分利用GPU的并行计算能力高效地绘制递归定义的细分曲面,提出一种基于GPU的面分裂细分曲面的实时绘制算法.该算法通过离线预计算生成可以复用的细分查找表,它由细分矩阵组成,其大小仅与奇异点度数和最大细分深度线性相关,与输入网格无关;对于细分曲面控制网格的每个曲面片,如果包含2个或2个以上奇异点,则进行一次局部预细分;之后对于不规则曲面片,利用细分查找表由初始控制网格直接计算得到各细分层次上的控制顶点,无需逐层计算,从而最大限度地发挥GPU的并行处理能力;最后对各层次上的规则曲面片使用硬件细分着色器绘制,大大提高绘制效率.实验结果表明,文中算法可以高效地绘制细分曲面的极限曲面.     

二次B样条曲面顶点及法向插值

顶点位置插值是自由曲面造型的基本方法,法向插值在一些CAD／CAM系统中也有重要应用,文中利用子分曲面理论研究双二次B样条曲面的性质,在此基础上利用Doo-Sabin分子模式构造插值顶点位置和法向的双二次B样条曲面控制网络,得到插值曲面的参数表示,为了提高效率,对规模较大的网络数据,先把它成若干片子网格,分别求出满足子网格相关的插值条件的控制网格,最后再反它们整合在一起形成完整的控制网格,使得相应的二次B样条曲面插值所有顶点及法向。     

Reasoning Boolean operation based modeling for heterogeneous objects

A reasoning Boolean operation based CAD modeling approach applied to construct heterogeneous material objects is presented. This reasoning Boolean operation consists of a merging operation and an extracting operation, and it is executed according to the material-dominant information defined in the designed heterogeneous object database. In addition to the material-dominant Boolean union, subtraction, and intersection, a new Boolean complex_union operation is defined and introduced to the set of the reasoning Boolean operation. The Boolean complex_union ‘assembles’ the results of the material-dominant Boolean intersection and subtraction to form a new modeling assembly for the heterogeneous object. Due to the CAD-based nature, the thus formed heterogeneous model can be readily implemented with advanced CAD/CAE/CAM software for integrated design, analysis, and simulation. An example of such an application, its hierarchy of the model database, and the major steps of the model construction are described.     

一种基于特征几何元素永久命名的快速相交特征检查与判别方法及其应用

相交特征的检查与判别是特征造型领域的一个重要问题,通常的方法是通过在特征体间作布尔运算进行相交特征的检查与判别,但这种方法存在复杂、耗时的缺点,为避免大量的求交运算,提高相交特征检查与判别的效率,文中提出了一种新的相交特征的检查与判别方法,该方法以一系列的面标号查找代替了特征之间的求交运算,从而有效地提高了相交特征的检查速度。     

基于加权渐进插值的Loop 细分曲面等距逼近

等距曲面在CAD/CAM 领域有着重要的作用,由于细分曲面没有整体解 析表达式,使得计算细分曲面等距比参数曲面更加困难。针对目前已有的两种等距面逼近算 法进行了改进,利用加权渐进插值技术避免了传统细分等距逼近算法产生网格偏移的问题。 此外,提出了针对边界等距处理方案,使得等距后的细分曲面在内部和边界都均匀等距。该 方法无需求解线性方程组,具有全局和局部特性,能够处理闭网格和开网格,为Loop 细分 曲面数控加工奠定了良好的基础算法。最后给出的实例验证了算法的有效性。     

A framework for quad/triangle subdivision surface fitting: Application to mechanical objects

In this paper we present a new framework for subdivision surface approximation of three‐dimensional models represented by polygonal meshes. Our approach, particularly suited for mechanical or Computer Aided Design (CAD) parts, produces a mixed quadrangle‐triangle control mesh, optimized in terms of face and vertex numbers while remaining independent of the connectivity of the input mesh. Our algorithm begins with a decomposition of the object into surface patches. The main idea is to approximate the region boundaries first and then the interior data. Thus, for each patch, a first step approximates the boundaries with subdivision curves (associated with control polygons) and creates an initial subdivision surface by linking the boundary control points with respect to the lines of curvature of the target surface. Then, a second step optimizes the initial subdivision surface by iteratively moving control points and enriching regions according to the error distribution. The final control mesh defining the whole model is then created assembling every local subdivision control meshes. This control polyhedron is much more compact than the original mesh and visually represents the same shape after several subdivision steps, hence it is particularly suitable for compression and visualization tasks. Experiments conducted on several mechanical models have proven the coherency and the efficiency of our algorithm, compared with existing methods.     

Composite freeform surface reconstruction using recursive interpolating subdivision scheme

Composite freeform surface reconstruction from 3D scanned data of a physical model has become a more and more important topic in the field of CAD/CAE/CAM. By repeated application of a fixed set of recursive interpolation subdivision schemes on the initial mesh of the 3D sparse scanned data of a physical model, a polygonal model of composite freeform surface can be constructed. In the paper, the algorithm for constructing the initial triangular mesh from 3D sparse scanned data is presented. The unified recursive interpolating subdivision scheme for triangular mesh is proposed. A special quad-tree data structure is suggested to store all the necessary information of the vertices and elements of the polygonal model. Examples of composite surface reconstruction are provided to explain the distinguished superiority of subdivision scheme for reconstructing the arbitrary topological complex surface.     

凸体、旋转体的体几何模型与内部可视化

在可视化与ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ的许多应用问题中,不但需要描述三维实体的外形,也要求表达实体的内部信息。传统的面壳模型只能描述实体的外形,无法表达实体的内部信息。针对这种情况,利用Ｂｌｅｎｄｉｎｇ形变技术给出了由实体的面壳模型构造其实体模型（体几何模型）的简易方法,从而把实体的面壳模型与实体模型的表示统一起来。体几何模型可应用于实体内部的可视化及ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ中。     

Development of a collaborative CAD/CAM system

This paper presents the development of a collaborative CAD/CAM system (COCADCAM). COCADCAM extends an existing single-location CAD/CAM system to a multi-location CAD/CAM application so that two geographically dispersed CAD/CAM users can work together on a three-dimensional CAD-geometry coediting and CAD-related tasks collaboratively and dynamically. COCADCAM dynamically supports CAD data communication that are not available in traditional single-location CAD/CAM. The dynamic data communication is achieved through the development of networking algorithms and CAD/CAM functions in this paper. The networking algorithms based on UNIX Interprocess Communication (IPC), the Network File System (NFS), and a connection-oriented client and server model under the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite. The CAD/CAM functions included surface modelling, simulation of a milling toolpath, and post-processing of an NC program following collaborative CAD-geometry coediting, which are directly or indirectly supported by the Application Programming Interface (API) of the CAD/CAM software. The networking algorithms and CAD/CAM functions together can facilitate an environment for CAD-geometry coediting and related tasks such as design, analysis and manufacture. COCADCAM has been successfully implemented through local area network (LAN) and the Internet; a remote machining cell is also linked so that the generated NC program based on a coedited free-form surface can be used for the physical machining operation. The algorithm proposed by COCADCAM can be referenced for the extension of other single-location CAD/CAM systems to multi-location applications.     

基于注塑模CAD/CAE的自由曲面的裁剪

介绍一种基于离散曲面的裁剪算法,该算法适用于注塑模ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＥ或其它产品设计和有限元分析的领域,实践证明该算法自动化程度高、速度快、稳定可靠。     

NURBS双向蒙皮造型方法的研究与实现

本文通过对ＮＵＲＢＳ造型方法技术的研究，在自主开发的ＳｕｐｅｒＭａｎＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ集成系统中成功地实现了基于复杂曲线的ＮＵＲＢＳ双向蒙皮曲面的造型功能，从而建立了完全基于ＮＵＲＢＳ方法的ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ系统．通过大量的工程应用和实例验证表明所研究的ＮＵＲＢＳ方法是一种适用于复杂外形产品设计与制造的、灵活有效的造型方法．