KINETICS OF LEACHING SPHALERITE WITH PYROLUSITE SIMULTANEOUSLY BY MICROWAVE IRRADIATION

ＫＩＮＥＴＩＣＳＯＦＬＥＡＣＨＩＮＧＳＰＨＡＬＥＲＩＴＥＷＩＴＨＰＹＲＯＬＵＳＩＴＥＳＩＭＵＬＴＡＮＥＯＵＳＬＹＢＹＭＩＣＲＯＷＡＶＥＩＲＲＡＤＩＡＴＩＯＮ①ＰｅｎｇＪｉｎｈｕｉ，ＬｉｕＣｈｕｎｐｅｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＭｅｔａｌｕｒｇｙ，Ｋｕ...     

Preparation of solid polyferric sulfate from pyrite cinders and its structure feature

1　INTRODUCTIONCoagulationisanessentialprocessintheoverallsolid liquidseparationschemeinwaterandadvancedwastewatertreatment .Hydrolyzingmetalsalts ,suchasferriccoagulants ,canpromotetheformationofag gregates.WhenFesaltsaredissolvedinwater,themetalironhydrates ,coordinatingsixwatermoleculesandforminganaquometalion ,canthenhydrolyzeandformmonomericand polymericferricspecies ,whichishighlydependentonpHofthesolution .Itispossibletodescribetheformationofseveralhydrolysisspecies ,suchaspositiv…     

Leaching kinetics of antimony-bearing complex sulfides ore in hydrochloric acid solution with ozone

The leaching kinetics of Sb and Fe from antimony-bearing complex sulfides ore was investigated in HCl solution by oxidation–leaching with ozone. The effects of temperature, HCl concentration, stirring speed and particle size on the process were explored. It is found that the recoveries of Sb and Fe reach 86.1% and 28.8%, respectively, when the reaction conditions are 4.0 mol/L HCl, 900 r/min stirring speed at 85 °C with <0.074 mm particle size after 50 min leaching. XRD analysis indicates that no new solid product forms in the leaching residue and the leaching process can be described by shrinking core model. The leaching of Sb corresponds to diffusion-controlled model at low temperature (15–45 °C) and mixed-controlled model at high temperature (45–85 °C), and the apparent activation energies are 6.91 and 17.93 kJ/mol, respectively. The leaching of Fe corresponds to diffusion-controlled model, and the apparent activation energy is 1.99 kJ/mol. Three semi-empirical rate equations are obtained to describe the leaching process.     

微波作用下铝酸钙炉渣非等温浸出动力学

研究了微波作用下铝酸钙炉渣非等温浸出动力学，考察了不同微波辐射功率对炉渣中氧化铝浸出率的影响以及相应微波功率下反应体系温度随时间的变化规律。结果表明：该浸出动力学过程的控制步骤为界面化学反应控制，表观反应活化能为40kJ／mol左右；微波作用可改变反应的频率因子，对反应活化能影响不明显；随着微波辐射功率的增大，频率因子增加，宏观表现出微波功率的增加对反应有促进作用。     

Leaching of Titanium and Silicon from Low-Grade Titanium Slag Using Hydrochloric Acid Leaching

Acid-leaching behaviors of the titanium slag obtained by selective reduction of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrates were investigated. It was found that the optimal leaching of titanium and silicon were 0.7% and 1.5%, respectively. The titanium and silicon in the titanium slag were firstly dissolved in the acidic solution to form TiO²⁺ and silica sol, and then rapidly reprecipitated, forming hydrochloric acid (HCl) leach residue. Most of the silicon presented in the HCl leach residue as floccules-like silica gel, while most of the titanium was distributed in the nano-sized rod-like clusters with crystallite refinement and intracrystalline defects, and, as such, 94.3% of the silicon was leached from the HCl leach residue by alkaline desilication, and 96.5% of the titanium in the titanium-rich material with some rutile structure was then digested by the concentrated sulfuric acid. This provides an alternative route for the comprehensive utilization of titanium and silicon in titanium slag.     

铂钯精矿湿法分离Bi、Fe富集贵金属工艺

以铜阳极泥分铜液还原所得铂钯精矿为原料,根据其矿物特性选择HCl作为浸出剂湿法脱除Bi、Fe等主要贱金属元素,富集Au、Ag、Pt、Pd等贵金属;通过热力学计算绘制Bi(Ⅲ)、Fe(Ⅲ)在盐酸体系的组分分布图,实验考察了HCl浓度、Cl-浓度、反应温度和时间等因素对Bi、Fe浸出率的影响.结果表明:在HCl浓度为2 m...     

Phase transformation in reductive roasting of laterite ore with microwave heating

Selective reduction of laterite ores followed by acid leaching is a promising method to recover nickel and cobalt metal, leaving leaching residue as a suitable iron resource. The phase transformation in reduction process with microwave heating was investigated by XRD and the reduction degree of iron was analyzed by chemical method. The results show that the laterite samples mixed with active carbon couple well with microwave and the temperature can reach approximate 1000 ℃ in 6.5 min. The reduction degree of iron is controlled by both the reductive agent content and the microwave heating time, and the reduction follows Fe2O3→Fe3O4→FeO→Fe sequence. Sulphuric acid leaching test reveals that the recoveries of nickel and iron increase with the iron reduction degree. By properly controlling the reduction degree of iron at 60% around, the nickel recovery can reach about 90% and iron recovery is less than 30%.     

利用高压DSC研究一水铝石在碱液中的溶出动力学

研究一水铝石(包括一水软铝石和一水硬铝石)在氢氧化钠溶液中溶出过程的机理函数并确定相应的动力学参数.将一水铝石矿和氢氧化钠溶液在高压DSC设备中以10 ℃/min的速度加热,用微分方程法分析得到DSC曲线,同时借助Matlab程序利用迭代法和线性最小二乘法计算微分方程,从30种机理函数的微分形式中分别逻辑地选择了两种一...     

The transpassive dissolution mechanism of highly alloyed stainless steels: II. Effect of pH and solution anion on the kinetics

The effect of pH and solution anion on the kinetics of transpassive dissolution of highly alloyed austenitic stainless steels (AISI 904L, 254SMO and 654SMO) was studied by a combination of electrochemical techniques. The experiments were performed in 0.5 M sulphate and 0.5 M chloride solutions, and in an equimolar mixture of the two. The transpassive dissolution was found to start at higher potentials in solutions with higher pH. The rate of transpassive dissolution was shown to decrease with increasing pH and to be the lowest in chloride solutions and the highest in sulphate electrolytes. The steady-state current vs. potential curves and the impedance spectra of the studied materials in the transpassive potential region were found to be consistent with a proposed kinetic model. The model describes the process as dissolution of Cr as Cr(VI) and Fe as Fe(III) through the anodic oxide film via parallel reaction paths. The kinetic parameters of the model in solutions with different pH values and different anions were determined. The role of pH and solution anion in the transpassive dissolution process is discussed in relation to changes induced by these parameters in the composition of the anodic passive film. The factors determining the efficiency of Fe as a secondary passivating agent are also considered.     

氟碳铈矿盐酸浸出过程的动力学

考察盐酸浓度、浸出温度、液固比和矿物粒度对浸出速度的影响.结果表明:在盐酸浓度6 mol/L、浸出温度90C、液固比15:1、矿物粒度25 μm的条件下浸出90 min后,氟碳铈矿中稀土碳酸盐的浸出率达到89.6％,而稀土氟化物的浸出率仪为1.5％.氟碳铈矿浸出过程符合产物层扩散模型,稀土碳酸盐和氟化物浸出过程的表观活...     

交叉轧制钼带冷深冲性能及微观组织研究

采用单辊急冷法制备了Fe71Nb6B23非晶薄带,并用差示扫描热分析法(DSC)研究了该非晶合金的变温晶化动力学.从DSC曲线可知,玻璃化转变温度Tg、晶化起始温度Tx和晶化峰值温度Tp均随着升温速率的增加向高温方向移动,这些特征温度均具有明显的动力学效应.分别利用Kissinger方程和Ozawa方程计算了该Fe基非晶薄带的玻璃化转变激活能Eg、晶化激活能Ex和激活能Ep,并解释了此非晶合金具有高的热稳定性的热力学机制.结果表明:两种方程计算得出的Ex均大于Ep,表明该合金的形核过程比晶粒长大更为困难;晶化的动力学效应较玻璃化转变更为明显.     

Leaching Behavior of Complex Copper Sulphide Concentrate with Ferric Chloride by Microwave Irradiation

ＬｅａｃｈｉｎｇＢｅｈａｖｉｏｒｏｆＣｏｍｐｌｅｘＣｏｐｐｅｒＳｕｌｐｈｉｄｅＣｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｗｉｔｈＦｅｒｒｉｃＣｈｌｏｒｉｄｅｂｙＭｉｃｒｏｗａｖｅＩｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎＤｉｎｇＷｅｉａｎ（丁伟安）ＧｅｎｅｒａｌＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＩｎｓｔｉｔｕ...     

Thermodynamic and kinetic studies of Mg–Fe–H after mechanical milling followed by sintering

The transition metal complex hydride Mg₂FeH₆ has been successfully synthesized utilizing mechanical milling of a 2Mg–Fe mixture followed by heating at 673 K under 6 MPa of hydrogen pressure, without pressing step. The obtained yield of Mg₂FeH₆ was about 50%. Hydrogen storage properties of the Mg–Fe–H system, i.e. capacities, absorption/desorption kinetics and thermodynamic parameters, were examined. The pressure-composition isotherm (PCI) measurements of the samples at 548–673 K showed that the alloys possessed good cyclic stability and reversibility. Enthalpies and entropies of decomposition of the Mg–Fe–H system were evaluated by van’t Hoff plots. The absorption/desorption rates at 573 K were very fast in comparison with the reported data. The non-isothermal desorption of hydrogen was found greatly dependent on the thermal history of the sample.     

退火对(Nd,Pr)_(12.8)Dy_(0.2)Fe_(77.4)Co_(4.0)B_(5.6)快淬薄带晶化行为的影响

采用高真空高纯氩DSC测量了(Nd,Pr)12.8Dy0.2Fe77.4Co4.0B5.6非晶快淬薄带以及不同温度退火薄带的连续加热曲线,计算了晶化激活能、频率因子、晶化体积分数、晶化速率,研究了预退火前后薄带的晶化动力学和晶化过程。结果表明(Nd,Pr)12.8Dy0.2Fe77.4Co4.0B5.6快淬薄带在30 K/min加热速度时DSC曲线起始晶化温度865.8 K、峰值晶化温度877.2 K、晶化结束温度901.7 K,居里温度转折点581.2 K,富稀土相的初始熔化点1003.6 K。在高于峰值晶化温度或晶化结束温度退火10 min的薄带非晶完全晶化,居里温度处形成吸热峰,而低于803.0 K退火处理的薄带以及快淬薄带在相近温度处只有DSC转折点。相对于快淬薄带直接晶化的特征,在低于起始晶化温度的693.0~743.0 K退火处理的薄带晶化峰形相近;803.0 K退火处理后薄带的晶化峰的温度范围增宽:在10~40 K/min相同加热速度下其起始晶化温度均降低1.4%,晶化结束温度在加热速度20~40 K/min时达到、甚至高于快淬薄带直接晶化结束温度;在低于快淬薄带直接晶化的峰值晶化温度之前存在一个具有相同晶化速率的临界温度,在低于该临界温度时,退火薄带比快淬薄带具有较高的晶化速率、更不稳定;而在高于该临界温度,退火薄带比快淬薄带具有较低的晶化速率。     

不同结构磁性四氧化三铁纳米材料的介电特性和微波吸收性能

目的研究不同的纳米结构对Fe3O4纳米材料微波吸收性能的影响。方法采用水热法和高温碳热还原法,获得了纳米纺锤体、纳米管和开口空心球结构的三种磁性Fe3O4纳米材料,采用XRD、SEM和矢量网络分析仪研究了其物相、形貌和电磁特性。结果在这三种结构纳米Fe3O4材料中,空心球结构具有最小的介电常数和最高的波阻抗匹配系数,其磁损耗表现出双共振特性,且在7.5~14.3 GHz范围内,Fe3O4开口空心球的衰减系数明显高于另外两种结构的Fe3O4纳米材料,有利于拓宽材料的微波吸收带宽。在1.8~3.0 mm厚度范围内,Fe3O4开口空心球的反射损耗带宽均大于其他两种结构,在2.2 mm厚度下达到了5.0 GHz的有效吸收带宽(90%吸收),覆盖的频率范围为7.3~12.3 GHz。结论Fe3O4开口空心球由于特殊的结构而产生的双磁共振特性,增强了材料的微波衰减能力和阻抗匹配特性,其微波吸收能力明显优于纳米纺锤体和纳米管。经过超结构设计,可以实现宽带微波吸收。     

基于ABAUQS-Matlab对42CrMo钢表面感应淬火奥氏体化参数的研究

目的 确定42CrMo钢感应淬火过程的奥氏体相变动力学参数,并验证其可靠性。方法 根据不同加热速率下42CrMo钢奥氏体膨胀曲线,基于经典JMAK（Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov）模型和Kissinger方法,确定了42CrMo钢奥氏体化相变动力学的参数。建立ABAQUS局部移动式感应淬火模型,选取淬火区域加热过程中点的温度变化曲线作为验证奥氏体化模型的对象。基于Scheil法则和JMAK相变动力学模型,采用文中求解得到的奥氏体化参数,采用Matlab对42CrMo连续转变过程离散为每个时间间隔的等温相变并求解,并对照相关学者采用的扩展解析动力学模型和JAMK模型,加以验证。结果 根据上述方法,得到的42CrMo奥氏体相变动力学参数为：激活能Q为2.04×106 J/mol,指前因子lnk0的值取230.78,Avrami指数n取0.427。将淬火加热过程离散为数量很大的均匀时间间隔,并以求解的动力学模型在每个间隔内进行对应温度条件下奥氏体体积分数的求解并顺次叠加,以模拟得到的奥氏体转变时间和转变温度等作为依据,该模型有良好的表现性。结论 对42CrMo非等温且加热速度不恒定的连续奥氏体转变过程,JAMK模型拟合表现良好,采用文中求解的参数组对表面感应淬火的奥氏体转变历程进行仿真预测是可行的。     

银粉表面吸附的动力学表征

采用TG热重分析方法,测定了几种粒度的微细金属银粉末表面吸附(脱附)特征参量。分析了恒定加热速率下的非等温脱附动力学行为。在相同条件下,热重实验曲线及动力学参数的比较表明;随粒度大小不同,吸附重量百分率,表观活化能E和频率因子A呈现有规律的变化。     

月桂酸微波反应制备焊条抗吸潮膜研究

利用月桂酸微波反应的方法在焊条药皮表面制备了抗吸潮保护膜.将烘于的焊条放入溶有一定量月桂酸和Fe3O4粉末的石油醚溶液中,取出烘干后进行微波反应,使焊务表面具有抗吸潮性能.用FT-IR、SEM、EDS对所得焊条保护膜的成分和形貌进行了分析,并进行了熔敷金属扩散氢测试.研究结果表明,Fe3O4在吸收微波后能融化月桂酸并使...     

Leaching of blended copper slag in microwave oven

Leaching of blended slag (BS) was investigated in a microwave oven using hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid. The BS was a mixture of converter and flash furnace slag containing 51% Fe₂O₃, 3.8% CuO, and 3.2% ZnO. The important variables that influence the metal extraction yield were leaching time, liquid-solid ratio, H₂O₂ and CH₃COOH concentrations. The preferred leaching conditions were as follows: CH₃COOH concentration 4 mol/L; H₂O₂ concentration 4 mol/L; microwave power 900 W; leaching time 30 min; liquid-solid ratio 25 mL/g BS; leaching temperature 100 °C. Under these conditions, the metal extractions of 95% Cu, 1.6% Fe, and 30% Zn were obtained. The results were compared with the traditional leaching results. It is evident that microwave heating causes a reduction in the leaching time. Also, the extraction yield results indicate that selective leaching of BS can be achieved under the preferred conditions. The dissolution kinetic of BS in hydrogen peroxide with acetic acid is controlled by a shrinking unreacted core model equation. The apparent activation energy and reaction order were found to be 16.64 kJ/mol and 1.09, respectively.     

微细浸染型金矿的微波焙烧预处理研究

研究了微波焙烧预处理对微细浸染型难处理金矿浸出的影响。正交试验表明,各因素对浸出率影响程度大小依次为:微波焙烧温度、焙烧时间、浸出时间、浸出剂TY-3用量和氢氧化钠用量。在微波焙烧温度550℃,焙烧时间40 min,浸出剂TY-3用量14 kg/t,氢氧化钠用量8 kg/t,浸出10 h的优化条件下,浸出率达94.8%。XRD分析结果表明,经微波加热焙烧后,原矿中黄铁矿转化为赤铁矿。与马弗炉焙烧对比,微波焙烧可能具有选择性加热作用,更有利于矿石中包裹金的暴露。