纳米莫来石的制备及其对氧化铝陶瓷性能的影响

以硝酸铝和硅溶胶为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了纳米莫来石粉体,进而探讨了纳米莫来石对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能、抗弯强度以及抗热震性能的影响.结果发现,在1100 ℃煅烧硝酸铝与硅溶胶先驱体时仅有少量Al2O3生成,当将煅烧温度升高到1200 ℃时,获得了单一的莫来石晶相,粉体的平均粒径在50～60 nm之间;在氧化铝中添加2wt%～10wt%的纳米莫来石,可以有效促进陶瓷体的致密烧结,并获得良好的抗弯强度与抗热震性能;纳米莫来石含量为5wt%的陶瓷,在1650 ℃烧结后的抗弯强度为247.49 MPa,经过1200 ℃热震后的抗弯强度为218.52 MPa;当纳米莫来石的添加量超过10wt%时,将降低陶瓷的饱和体积密度,并恶化陶瓷的抗弯强度与抗热震性能.     

氧化铝基陶瓷抗热震性的研究进展

根据近年来国内外氧化铝基陶瓷抗热震性的研究现状,简要地介绍了抗热震陶瓷的评价理论,系统总结了氧化铝基陶瓷材料抗热震性的有关研究进展情况以及目前提高氧化铝基陶瓷抗热震性的几种途径.     

莫来石纤维含量对氧化铝基陶瓷复合材料性能的影响

本课题选用氧化铝粉和多晶莫来石纤维为主要原料,添加1wt%的TiO2和3wt%的CMS(CaO、MgO、SiO2混合物)助熔剂,用电磁振荡搅拌器混料与球磨机混料相结合的方式进行混料,采用单向加压方式成形,使用传统的无压烧结技术制备出了莫来石纤维增强增韧氧化铝陶瓷基复合材料,并对复合材料的性能进行测试.研究发现:复合材料的弯曲强度随纤维含量的增加先增大后降低,纤维含量为15wt%时,复合材料的弯曲强度最高,达504.52MPa,是普通氧化铝陶瓷的1.7倍;复合材料的断裂韧性随着纤维含量的增加先增加后降低,莫来石纤维含量为15wt%时,复合材料的断裂韧性最大达到4.46MPa·ml/2,是普通氧化铝陶瓷的1.6倍;复合材料的抗热震性能随纤维含量的增加而提高.当烧结温度为1450℃,纤维含量为15wt%时,MFTACC的综合性能较好.     

硅溶胶包覆氧化铝陶瓷的抗热震性能研究

通过对表面包覆10 wt%硅溶胶的氧化铝粉体在不同温度下进行煅烧,并以不同温度煅烧后的粉体为原料制备陶瓷,探讨了硅溶胶包覆对氧化铝陶瓷烧结性能、力学性能以及抗热震性能的影响规律。结果发现,硅溶胶在氧化铝粉体颗粒表面形成良好包覆,这种完整包覆可以维持在900℃不发生变化;当煅烧温度超过1000℃时,部分硅溶胶从氧化铝表面剥落,形成细小颗粒填充在氧化铝粉体颗粒间的间隙,有效促进了陶瓷饱和体积密度的提高,从而使得陶瓷具有良好的抗弯强度,但其抗热震性能较差;当粉体的煅烧温度较低时,将获得多孔的陶瓷结构,可以有效提高陶瓷的抗热震性能,700℃煅烧过的粉体制成陶瓷,可以经受1200℃的热震11次。     

CeO2增强锆莫来石泡沫陶瓷性能的研究

以氧化铝、锆英石和高岭土等为原料,稀土氧化物CeO2为添加剂,采用有机泡沫浸渍法,在1500℃烧结制备锆莫来石泡沫陶瓷,研究CeO2含量对泡沫陶瓷性能的影响,并观察其显微结构.结果表明:锆莫来石泡沫陶瓷的抗弯强度、热震性能随CeO2含量的增加先增加,而后略有下降.在CeO2含量为0.6wt％时制品的抗弯强度及抗热震性能最佳.其最高抗弯强度达1.96 MPa,1 100℃热震循环次数为12次.     

复合添加剂对全粉料制α-Al2O3陶瓷抗热震性的影响

本文研究了0.3wt%TiO2和MgO+Y2O3+La2O3复合添加剂对全粉料α-Al2O3抗热震性的影响,从试样热震后的抗折强度保持率来看,当复合添加剂含量为0.375wt%及0.5wt%时,不仅可以促进烧结,且由于添加剂有细化晶粒的作用,可使全粉料α-Al2O3抗热震性提高.     

氧化铝-堇青石复合陶瓷抗热震性研究

为了提高氧化铝陶瓷的抗热震性,将具有低膨胀系数的堇青石加入到Al2O3中,通过无压烧结工艺,制备出了氧化铝-堇青石复合抗热震陶瓷.结果表明,堇青石加入量为w(堇青石)=10%,烧结温度 1520℃时,陶瓷样品能够承受1500℃温差(空冷)的热震破坏.采用SEM对陶瓷进行组织结构分析,发现在基体内部形成长柱状组织,并呈无规分布状态,这样的显微组织对提高陶瓷的抗热震性具有重要作用.     

氧化铝-锂霞石复合陶瓷在钢水中抗热震性研究

为了提高氧化铝陶瓷的抗热震性,将具有负膨胀系数的锂霞石加入到Al2O3中,通过无压烧结工艺,制备出了氧化铝-锂霞石复合抗热震陶瓷.结果表明,锂霞石加入量w(锂霞石)=20%,烧结温度为1500℃时,陶瓷样品能够承受钢水中1500℃温差(空冷)的热震破坏.采用SEM对陶瓷进行组织结构分析,发现在基体内部形成片状组织,这样的显微组织对提高陶瓷的抗热震性具有重要作用.     

纳米氮化硅陶瓷的抗热震性能研究

研究了由热压法制备的晶粒尺寸为 100nm 左右的氮化硅陶瓷抗热震性能.研究结果表明,纳米氮化硅陶瓷表现出原始短裂纹扩展特征;起始粉末粒度对氮化硅陶瓷的力学性能和抗热震性有一定影响.在纳米尺度范围内,晶粒较粗大的氮化硅陶瓷具有较好的抗热震性能;随起始粉末中仪 α-Si3N4 含量的增加,氮化硅陶瓷的抗热震性能得到明显提高.     

添加CeO2对原位反应制备ZTM复相陶瓷的影响

以氧化铝和锆英石超细粉为主要原料，添加一定量的CeO2，采用原位反应烧结法制备了ZTM复相陶瓷。借助XRD、SEM分析了其显微结构，结果表明：当CeO2含量为2．4％时能得到结构较为致密、力学性能较好的ZTM复相陶瓷。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。