Four-channel magnetic resonance imaging receiver using frequency domain multiplexing

An alternative technique that uses frequency domain multiplexing to acquire phased array magnetic resonance images is discussed in detail. The proposed method has advantages over traditional independent receiver chains in that it utilizes an analog-to-digital converter and a single-chip multicarrier receiver with high performance to reduce the size and cost of the phased array receiver system. A practical four-channel digital receiver using frequency domain multiplexing was implemented and verified on a home-built 0.3 T magnetic resonance imaging system. The experimental results confirmed that the cross talk between each channel was below -60 dB, the phase fluctuations were about 1 degrees , and there was no obvious signal-to-noise ratio degradation. It is demonstrated that the frequency domain multiplexing is a valuable and economical technique, particularly for array coil systems where the multichannel receiver is indispensable and dynamic range is not a critical problem.     

用于光纤光栅传感的低成本高分辨率多通道波长解调仪

本文报道一种用于光纤光栅传感的低成本高分辨率多通道波长解调仪。基于薄膜滤波技术的密集波分复用模块已被广泛用于光纤通信系统中，在本文中，采用已商品化的薄膜密集波分复用模块同时完成了以波分复用方式连接的多个光纤光栅传感器的信号分离与波长解调功能，研究了一种结构简单、低成本、高分辨率的光纤光栅传感系统。该传感系统的特点是可用于多通道动态测量。本文将具体介绍一种旧通道传感系统，该系统在3kHz频率下的动态应变的分辨率优于1nε√Hz。     

A 32-Channel High-Speed Simultaneously Sampling Data Acquisition System

The system is intended for recording data in the multichannel diagnostic sections of experimental plasma facilities. It contains eight four-channel modules that record the shapes of single pulse signals, a controller module of the system bus of the crate, a fiber-optic communication line, and an interface card for connection to the ISA bus of a personal computer. The recording modules are based on 12-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with a sampling frequency of up to 50 MHz, ensuring a conversion accuracy equal to the least significant bit in a band of the input signal of up to 20 MHz. The ADC samples are fixed in 32-Kword/channel buffer storage units with a page organization. The current values of the amplitude of the input signals in all of the recording channels are measured simultaneously with a time jitter of no more than 0.2 ns. The software selects an amplitude conversion scale and a zero offset voltage value for each recording channel, as well as the current value of the sampling frequency for all the channels.     

Experiments and quantitative analysis of frequency division multiplexing confocal fluorescence microscopy with UV excitation

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrated a two-channel frequency division multiplexing confocal fluorescence microscopy system using a UV laser as the excitation source. In our two-channel frequency division multiplexing confocal fluorescence system, the incoming laser beam was divided into two beams and each beam was modulated with an individual carrier frequency. These two laser beams were then spatially combined with a small angle and focused into two diffraction-limited spots on the targeted cell (rat neural cell) surface to generate fluorescent signal. As a result, the fluorescent signals from two spots of the rat neural cell surface can be demodulated and distinguished during data processing. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis on the cross-talk among different frequencies was provided as well. The experimental results confirm that the two-channel frequency division multiplexing confocal fluorescence technology can not only maintain the high spatial resolution, but also realize the multiple points detection simultaneously with high temporal resolution (within millisecond level range), which benefits the dynamic studies of living biological cells.     

Digital lock-in algorithm and parameter settings in multi-channel sensor signal detection

In order to implement demodulation of multi-channel composite signal in sensor signal detection system with high accuracy and high speed, in this paper we present a demodulation algorithm and schemes on how to optimize performances in detail based on the idea of software radio. A multi-channel composite signal was demodulated by the algorithm combined with a high-speed digital lock-in algorithm based on oversampling. To further enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, we discussed how to cut down crosstalk between adjacent channels, and a cascade filter was proposed. The result is helpful to effectively set carrier frequencies, from which a method of choosing parameters in frequency division multiplexing is obtained. Theoretical analysis shows that the new method has advantages such as high accuracy, high speed, and wide application range. It is suitable for sensor signal detection with AC signal excitation, and it can also improve overall system performance.     

MIMO-OFDM 在不同 turbo 编码率下的实验研究

多输入多输出正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)是4G 和5宽带无线通信中最重要的空间接口。MI-MO 可通过多路天线传输多种信号,OFDM 可将一条无线通道分隔成空间非常接近的大量子通道,从而提供更可靠的高速通信。研究结果表明,MIMO 还可以和其他接口联合使用,如时分多址(TDMA)和码分多址(CDMA)。MIMO and OFDM 的结合对高速数据传输是最实际的应用。利用不同的 turbo 编码率,误码率(BER)得到了改善。     

用于复合材料蒙皮的FBG正交传感网络研究

为了实现对复合材料蒙皮的结构健康监测与损伤识别,本文在对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)应变传感器理论分析的基础上,结合CFRP材料特性和波分复用技术设计了一种由16个FBG传感器构成的光纤光栅正交传感网络布局,对碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)蒙皮进行相关准分布式传感网络研究。通过对复合材料中心位置进行逐级加载实验,并提取中心波长漂移量做相关性分析,证明了正交对称FBG传感网络对CFRP蒙皮进行结构健康监测的可行性,同时对称布局位置处的FBG传感器信号具有高度相关性质,相关系数可高达0.9996。实验结果为进一步研究准分布式FBG网络的位置布局优化以及传感网络的可靠性冗余设计提供了依据。     

随钻数据声波NC OFDM传输及噪声抑制的研究

随着随钻测井技术的高速发展,多维立体化地层数据的实时传输变得尤为重要。针对目前传统传输方式的低速率、高成本及非实时性,提出了一种基于非连续正交频分复用调制的声波传输方式。首先,利用传输矩阵法对钻柱信道的幅频特性进行仿真,并在此基础上提出了信道估计算法以获取子信道的频率响应;然后,采用双加速度传感器阵列接收相移声波信号,通过接收信号的相关性可以有效的抑制上行传输中地面强噪声的干扰;最后设计了一套通信测试装置,对实验钻柱信道下系统传输性能进行验证。仿真及实测结果表明,该方案可以具有较高的传输速率和可靠性。     

光纤光栅传感器阵列在撞击定位监测中的应用

本文提出基于半导体环形激光器的光纤传感阵列系统,用于在铝板上撞击定位监测。采用光纤法布里-珀罗(F-P)标准具对光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器信号进行解调。施加在FBG传感器的应变被编码为FBG反射光的波长位移,然后由自由光谱范围为50 GHz的光纤F-P标准具转换为强度调制。通过波分复用技术,光纤F-P标准具可同时解调多个FBG信号,光纤传感阵列系统安装在厚度为1 mm的铝板上,50 g的小钢球在20 cm的高度自由下落撞击铝板产生声发射信号。利用时频小波分析,从测量的FBG传感器瞬态响应中获得的Lamb波的群速度频散曲线,并根据三角定位算法,确定撞击点的坐标。经过撞击试验,通过本系统和定位算法的平均定位精度误差在30.89 mm,达到了较好的精度。     

差动式石英谐振力传感器

】利用ＡＴ切型的厚度剪切石英晶体谐振器沿不同方向施加外力时,将会获得不同的灵敏度这一特点,本文研究了一种新型的差动石英谐振式力敏传感器。将两个同频率的敏感石英谐振器以对称简支方式固定在传感器内,使外力分别沿两个敏感谐振器的ｘ轴和ｚ′轴作用,产生两个方向相反的频率变化,通过电路混频,形成差动输出。分析结果表明,采用这种差动方式将使传感器性能得到明显提高。     

一种谐振式加速度传感器及其设计

为解决当前模拟输出式加速度传感器测试精度相对较低的问题,利用谐振式传感器重复性好、分辨率高、稳定性优良的特点,设计了一种谐振式加速度传感器。通过理论计算,得出了线加速度与敏感元件谐振频率之间的关系,并通过有限元软件对其进行了仿真计算。计算结果显示,传感器在空载状况下谐振频率的理论计算结果与有限元分析结果分别为722.2Hz与720.87Hz。在1g加速度下两种计算方法得到的谐振频率计算结果分别为727.3Hz与726.28Hz,两种情况的相对误差仅为0.18%与0.14%。对加工完毕的加速度传感器进行了测试,测试结果表明：在谐振状态下,传感器的敏感元件的谐振频率大约为718.2Hz,与理论计算及仿真结果基本接近,证明了设计的正确性。     

Multichannel control system for an acousto-optical modulator of laser radiation based on direct digital synthesis of frequencies

A module of control of an acousto-optical modulator of laser radiation in a multifrequency mode on the basis of a multichannel synthesizer with direct digital synthesis of frequencies is described. Specific features of system operation during multichannel laser recording with controlled amplitude, phase, and frequency of the channels with automatic calibration of intensity in each channel are considered. Application of the system in a photoplotter for producing photomasks of printed circuit boards makes it possible to increase the resolution of the device and to improve stability and reproducibility of recording.     

波分复用系统VPI仿真研究

首先介绍了波分复用(WDM)系统的工作原理;然后基于相关ITU协议,用VPI仿真设计了一个4信道、复用参考频率为193.1THz、信道间隔为100GHz、传输速率为4×10Gbit/s、传输距离为100km的WDM通信系统并进行模拟实验;通过比较各个节点的光谱分布模拟分析系统的性能,最后用Clock Recovery和BER组合起来构成一套误码率分析仪,分析系统的误码率。     

A system for measuring the electromagnetic characteristics of the KTM tokamak

A system for measuring electromagnetic characteristics of the KTM tokamak physical setup with the magnetic thermal insulation of plasmas includes primary signal-processing modules, interface converters, and data recording unit. When the input signal varies from ?300 to +300 V in a 0-to 500-kHz frequency band, the reduced error of channels measuring signals from sensors is 1.5%. The system uses a channel-by-channel galvanic decoupling for protecting the equipment. The throughput of the digital data transmission channels is 100 Mbit/s per channel. The system is intended for operation with 160 measuring channels.     

Resonant enhancement of a passive coil-capacitance loop in eddy current sensing path

A passive resonant coupling loop was composed by connecting an inductive coil with a capacitance element in series. Without any electric connection with measurement circuits, the loop is coaxially inserted into the sensing path between the sensing coil and metallic target of an eddy current proximity sensor. When the sensor is working around the natural frequency of the resonant loop, the mutual coupling between the sensing coil and metallic target is efficiently improved. Home-made eddy current proximity sensing coils are experimentally tested in frequencies around 800 kHz. The results indicate that the equivalent inductance of the sensing coil performs more sensitively to metallic target distance. Thus the higher sensitivity and resolution of proximity sensor will be expected.     

基于小波包和细化包络分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

滚动轴承故障是旋转机械常见的故障之一,针对传统包络解调分析方法需要人为选定共振频带的缺陷,首先采用小波包变换滤波的方法提取滚动轴承固有频率共振频带的信号,并对提取的信号进行重构,滤除了其他信号的干扰．然后用Hilbert变换检波的方法对提取的重构信号实现包络解调,去除高频固有振动成分,诊断轴承的缺陷信息．为了进一步提高包络谱的分辨率,最后采用快速傅立叶变换-傅立叶级数（FFT—FS）方法细化频谱．并在ADBE-56-N4型交流电机上实测了6350型滚动轴承故障模拟信号,与理论分析基本吻合．     

A four-segment photodiode cantilever-bending sensor for an atomic-force microscope

An electronic circuit for processing signals from a multisegment photodiode (PD) cantilever-bending sensor for an atomic-force microscope (AFM) of “classical” design is described. The electronics includes two analog channels for selecting the difference between the photocurrents of two halves of the receiving area, each channel being normalized to the signal of the total illumination of the PD. The use of modern electronic components allowed the extension of the operating frequency band of the conventional-circuit response from ordinary 200–300 kHz to 2–3 MHz, thus suppressing phase distortions in the band from 0 to 1 MHz. Owing to this, for cantilever-vibration frequencies of up to 200 kHz, the voltage at the circuit output can be accepted with a high accuracy as the signal of the instantaneous position of the cantilever tip with respect to the sample surface. It was shown that the output noise level of the proposed electronics is quite low for the reliable observation of the Brownian motion of the cantilever.     

Effect of four-wave mixing interference on spectrally separated channels in passive optical networks

The phenomenon of four-wave mixing in passive optical networks with wavelength-division multiplexing of channels has been studied. This paper presents the results of modeling the distribution of combination frequencies over the spectrum as a function of the number of channels and the channel frequency spacing. To suppress crosstalk between the channels at combination frequencies, it is proposed to divide the spectrum into two parts and select a guard band between them. The effect of combination frequencies on the signal transmission quality is considered as a function of the channel power, channel frequency spacing, and transmission length.     

Mass detection using capacitive resonant silicon resonator employing LC resonant circuit technique

Capacitive resonant mass sensing using a single-crystalline silicon resonator with an electrical LC oscillator was demonstrated in ambient atmosphere. Using capacitive detection method, the detectable minimum mass of 1 x 10(-14) g was obtained in the self-oscillation of cantilever with a thickness of 250 nm. The noise amplitude of the sensor output corresponds to a vibration amplitude of 0.05 nm(Hz)(0.5) in the frequency domain compared with the actuation signal, which is equivalent to the detectable minimum capacitance variation of 2.4 x 10(-21) F. Using the capacitive detection method, mass/stress induced resonance frequency shift due to the adsorption of ethanol and moist vapor in a pure N(2) gas as a carrier is successfully demonstrated. These results show the high potential of capacitive silicon resonator for high mass/stress-sensitive sensor.     

Improving the reliability of multiplexed fiber optic low-coherence interferometric sensors by use of novel twin-loop network topologies

Novel twin-loop network topologies for multiplexing fiber optic low-coherence reflectometric sensors are proposed and theoretically analyzed. The sensing fibers are made by connecting segments of standard single-mode fibers with partial reflections at the fiber joints and are completely passive. Absolute length measurement can be made for each segment of the sensing fiber so that strain or temperature distribution along the entire sensing fiber can be derived. It is expected that novel topologies would help as to improve the reliability of the sensor network by providing multiple accesses to each of the sensing segment so that most of the sensing segments can still be interrogated even when one or more point breakages occur along the transmission fibers. A nine-sensor twin-loop sensing network was constructed and experimentally tested by use of a Michelson low-coherence interferometer, and the results obtained agree with our theoretical prediction. The novel network topologies may be used for large-scale smart structure applications where breakages of transmission fibers may occur during the stages of sensor imbedding, installation, and structure-in-service cycles.