建筑垃圾及固体废弃物制备新型烧结墙体材料的研究

研究利用建筑渣土、拆迁装修垃圾等固体废弃物制备新型烧结墙材,介绍不同类型固体废弃物的来源和主要特性,研究烧制用的固体废弃物混合料配比、性能及烧结工艺,并对烧成制品进行物理力学性能和环境安全性测试;根据工程实情设计了新型烧结多孔砖及保温砌块,并进行了相应的性能验证。研究结果表明,使用建筑渣土、拆迁装修垃圾、污泥和煤渣这些固体废弃物在合适的配比、生产工艺条件下可以烧制出合格的新型墙材。     

水库淤泥烧制轻集料的膨胀机理研究

以台湾石门水库淤泥为原料,探讨淤泥高温烧制轻集料的热膨胀机理,并对原料的基本性能、烧制温度与时间等因素深入研究。试验结果显示:石门水库淤泥为良好的轻集料烧制原料;烧制温度与时间的控制,对颗粒密度及吸水率有很大的影响。     

利用RSM对大宗固体废弃物烧制陶粒优化及其对水中砷的吸附

大宗固体废弃物的资源化利用是促使环境经济可持续发展的重大机遇,但大宗固体废弃物产量巨大,利用难度和成本高.利用赤泥和粉煤灰,结合河道底泥及木屑烧制陶粒,并利用陶粒的吸附性能去除水中的砷,以实现以废治废的目标.采用响应曲面法(RSM)对烧结条件进行了优化,并对优化后陶粒进行了不同条件下吸附能力的检测和动力学研究.结果表明,经RSM优化的最优材料配比为:河道底泥50%,赤泥30%,粉煤灰10%,木屑10%.最优烧结条件为:烧结温度983℃,烧结时长120min.此条件下烧制的陶粒对水中砷的去除率可达到92.27%,是1种可利用的低成本脱砷吸附剂.研究结果对大宗固体废弃物的处置拓宽了新的思路.     

基于煤制气渣物化性质烧制陶粒试验研究

煤制气渣是一种利用率较低的固体废弃物,为拓展煤制气渣使用途径,实现资源化利用,以新疆新天煤化工生产的煤制气渣为研究对象,通过化学元素分析法研究了煤制气渣元素分布、烧失量等特性,并基于煤制气渣的物化性质研究煤制气渣陶粒的烧制方法。结果表明煤制气渣、黏土和铁粉的质量比为90∶8∶2,烧制温度1 210℃,烧制时间10 min的条件下烧制的气渣陶粒液相析出和发泡量适中,所形成的中空分布也较为均衡;其堆积密度、吸水率和筒压强度均符合GB/T 17431.1—2010《轻集料及其试验方法》的要求。     

蒸压硅酸盐材料用固体废弃物水热活性的研究进展

从固体废弃物原料的特性出发,阐明了研究不同原料水热活性的表征及测试方法的重要意义。结合相关研究现状,分别介绍了富钙、富硅固体废弃物原料水热活性测试方法以及水热活性对蒸压硅酸盐材料性能的影响。     

污泥陶粒的烧制与孔结构研究

阐述了以城市污泥,黄土和膨润土烧制轻质污泥陶粒,分析了孔隙结构对污泥陶粒的物理性能的影响。研究结果表明:(1)适合烧制轻质陶粒的原料配合比(干重):污泥30%,膨润土20%,预热温度350℃,烧制温度1 160℃;以此方案制得的陶粒松散密度为257 kgm3,筒压强度为0.74 MPa,吸水率为21%,软化系数为0.93;(2)污泥陶粒空隙占总体积多少主要与陶粒化学组成,原料的物理性能和烧制工艺有关,空隙的均匀程度影响陶粒的筒压强度和松散密度。     

污水厂污泥与河道淤泥联合烧制陶粒的技术研究

针对目前污泥建材资源化过程存在的添加比例低、耗费黏土、干化增加成本等问题,以污水厂污泥、河道淤泥和粉煤灰为原料,探索制备陶粒轻集料的配方和技术参数。试验结果表明,试验原料中污泥和淤泥比例达到80%以上有烧制陶粒的可行性,在原料比例适当的情况下,预热温度400℃,预热时间30min,烧制温度1225℃,保温时间1/5min,升温速率10/15℃/min,烧制的陶粒堆积密度能达到600级,筒压强度不小于0.8MPa,吸水率小于10%,符合工业废渣轻集料标准要求。     

生产空心砖原料制备有哪些要求?

答：一般来说．凡能烧制普通砖的粘土、页岩、煤矸石等原料．都能烧制空心砖。但生产空心砖对原料的处理和内燃料的掺配要求较严．原料开采后．必须经过制备,使其成为适宜于成型的泥料。要将原料中的杂质剔除并将原料粉碎至要求的粒度：为使粘土的矿物组分充分疏解和分散．保证有足够的可塑性和结合能力．对原料要进行风化或陈化处理,有时还需要采用蒸汽处理：为调整基本原料性能,有时要加入各种添加料并进行充分的混合、搅拌均匀;为保证产品质量,提高产品强度．空心砖坯成型时要对原料进行抽真空处理。当然不同质量和性能的原料．所制得的最终产品的质量和性能是有差别的。     

高强复合陶粒的制备及轻骨料混凝土氯离子渗透性能的研究

高强复合陶粒的制备是以低等级粉煤灰和废玻璃作为主要原料,同时结合粘结剂、造孔剂等外加剂烧制而成。通过对原材料、外加剂以及烧制参数的研究,分析其对轻骨料混凝土氯离子渗透性能的影响,为提高高强复合陶粒制备质量提供理论参考。     

中冶重工走科技创新之路

洛阳中冶重工机械有限公司是一家生产新型墙材装备和提供工业固体废弃物综合利用方案的国家高新技术企业．其装备以粉煤灰、各种尾矿渣等固体废弃物为原料．生产节能环保的新型墙体材料。     

Water Resources Development: A Balanced Approach

Customers, the public generally, the water industry, its regulators and the government are aware that water can be a scarce and costly product. Resource planning and development must increasingly be viewed as a combined package of water efficiency in (a) use, (b) metering and tariff policy, (c) leakage reduction, and (d) physical schemes.
Droughts, fears over possible climate change, concerns about resources and the environment, a greater awareness of the role and costs of the water industry and statements by the Department of the Environment, the Office of Water Services, and the National Rivers Authority have added weight to this sensible shift in emphasis.
However, society needs reliable water supplies and cannot completely rely upon the uncertain impact that demand side-measures may bring about – nor, even where achieved and cost-effective, on the important savings in losses. New resource schemes can take many years to implement. Therefore, in order to ensure adequate and reliable supplies, plans for new schemes must be brought to a state of readiness, and, in many cases, implemented.     

中国城市规划三十年（1978-2008）纵览

本文通过把改革开放30年以来中国城市规划的发展历程大致分为恢复重建、摸索学习、加速推进、调整壮大、反思求变和更新转型等六个阶段,阐述了城市规划是如何摆脱计划经济束缚、走向市场经济并在实践中发展的,以及城市规划的任务是如何在资本注入和土地制度改革的推动下逐渐显现出宏观调控和建设引导控制作用,并进而适应多变和多元的发展形势,向和谐社会、多值决策和科学发展迈进的。     

Traditional, state-of-the-art and future thermal building insulation materials and solutions - Properties, requirements and possibilities

The advantages and disadvantages of the thermal building insulation materials and solutions have been treated. Both traditional, state-of-the-art and possible materials and solutions beyond these have been investigated. Examples of these may be mineral wool, expanded polystyrene, extruded polystyrene, polyurethane, vacuum insulation panels, gas insulation panels, aerogels, and future possibilities like vacuum insulation materials, nano insulation materials and dynamic insulation materials. Various properties, requirements and possibilities have been compared and studied. Among these are thermal conductivity, perforation vulnerability, building site adaptability and cuttability, mechanical strength, fire protection, fume emission during fire, robustness, climate ageing durability, resistance towards freezing/thawing cycles, water resistance, costs and environmental impact. Currently, there exist no single insulation material or solution capable of fulfilling all the requirements with respect to the most crucial properties. That is, for the buildings of today and the near future, several insulation materials and solutions are used and will have to be used depending on the exact circumstances and specifications. As of today, new materials and solutions like e.g. vacuum insulation panels are emerging, but only slowly introduced in the building sector partly due to their short track record. Therefore it will be of major importance to know the limitations and possibilities of all the insulation materials and solutions, i.e. their advantages and disadvantages. In this respect new conceptual thermal building insulation materials are also discussed.     

线的演绎——构成视角下西方建筑解读

构成体系下,强调几何抽象的点、线、面、体是最基本的视觉造型元素。其中,"线"作为建筑语汇,具有造型、表意和组织等多种功能,在建筑构成中发挥着重要作用。本文用理性和抽象的方法,从构成视角出发,分析了西方现代建筑创作中关于线性要素与建筑的结构、形态、空间以及秩序等构成层面的关联性,探究其形式表现背后的构成逻辑,从而开阔建筑创作视野。     

景观延续与重塑的人文之道——记安亭中学绿化环境改造更新

校园作为城市公共设施体系中的重要组成部分,对人们的社会生活和精神文明起着重要的影响、教育、服务作用。结合安亭中学的景观改造工程实例,从校园的区位环境因素、历史文化积淀、园内景观现状等方面,分析了改造的必要性,改造工作的原则及人文理念的改造方法,重点阐释了对原有历史和景观的发现、挖掘、保护、改造和再利用。通过简洁、现代的手法,把新景观融入校园的建筑环境、历史环境和人文环境之中,重建具有视觉、生态和文化三重效益的校园景观,把校园环境变成凝固的诗、流动的画、无言的歌,从而达到"润物细无声"的效果。     

Influence of pH and TOC concentration on Cu,Zn, Cd,and Al speciation in rivers

Dissolved ( < approximately 4 nm, dialysis in situ), colloidal ( < 0.45 microm filtered, minus dissolved) and particulate (total, minus < 0.45 microm filtered) concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, (Al) in eight (three) mining polluted rivers were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry (flame and graphite furnace). The metal size distribution in the rivers was compared to pH, Ca concentration, alkalinity, conductivity, and total organic carbon (TOC). Data plots based on the present and other studies also yielded information about the interrelations between TOC, pH and metal adsorption in rivers and lakes. Less than 10% of Cu, Zn, and Cd were sorbed on particles or colloids in two rivers with average pH at 3.1 and 5.1, whereas 46%, 21%, and 21% of Cu, Zn, and Cd, respectively, occurred in sorbed form in six pH neutral rivers. In three pH neutral rivers, on average 55% of Al was in colloidal form, whereas the dissolved and particulate fractions were 21% and 23%, respectively. Our data combined with data from similar studies support conclusions from other research suggesting that the percent fraction of metals adsorbed on particles rises steeply from almost zero to nearly 100% within a narrow and element specific pH range. Changes in TOC concentration seem capable of shifting the pH to % metal absorption curves in the order of one pH unit.     

A House is not a Home: The Housing Experiences of African and Caribbean Mothers Living with HIV

HIV-positive mothers living in Toronto, ON, face myriad economic and social challenges that put them at risk for housing instability and homelessness. These challenges are exacerbated for mothers from African and Caribbean communities as they navigate a web of shelter, housing, health care and social care systems that do not adequately address their social positioning as HIV-positive and racialized mothers. To date, there is a dearth of research that has taken a cultural, ethnoracial and gendered lens to explore these issues, and consequently, little is known about their experiences of housing instability as it intersects with issues related to motherhood, poverty, sexism, racism, immigration status and HIV-related stigma and discrimination. This paper presents findings from the HIV, Housing and Families community-based research study and highlights the unique and complex housing issues African and Caribbean mothers facing by living with HIV in Toronto. Implications for policy and practice are also discussed.     

PLURAL PRACTICES: IDEAS FOR DRAWING RESPONSIBLY

The article discusses the topics of cartography and landscape architecture, with a few ideas about technique, scale, observation, translation, and imagination. The charge is to look closely, think critically, and develop sensibly a drawing toolkit that allows for an expansion of possible readings and spatial outcomes. It asks designers to question the information before them, and to respond with precision and range. The challenges are increasingly complex, and thus, media and methods must be plural and robust. The replies herein build on the Cartographic Grounds project, an exhibit and book that again reimagines the projective potential of cartographic practices that afford greater proximity to the manifestation and manipulation of the ground itself, and promotes the intersection between the disciplines of Landscape Architecture and Cartography towards a grounded practice of representing and imagining multiple terrains for design. The introduction of the observation and representation training in Harvard Graduate School of Design further suggests that observation is fundamental, and for design, representation must extend beyond documenting and understanding the world that exists, towards imagining a more equitable and adaptive future.     

Environmental affordances and children’s needs: Insights from child-friendly community streets in China

With rapid urbanization in China, an increasing building density has squeezed the urban public space. Community streets are occupied by motor vehicles or other functions, and can no longer sufficiently support children to carry out safe and independent activities. As an important space for children’s daily natural contact and social activities, the lack of the spatial function of streets results in a decline in children’s subjective initiative and social abilities. The United Nations has stressed the importance of community as the basic unit of space for children’s daily activities in building child friendly cities. It is urgent to reshape child-friendly community streets and support children’s healthy growth. Integrating previous research results on affordance theory and design, children’s growth and environment, and street-game spaces, this study focuses on investigating 23 community streets in four residential communities in Nanjing through questionnaires, interviews, observations, and other methods. Then, from the perspective of cognitive affordance, functional affordance, and social affordance, it analyzes the behavioral possibilities provided by the environment and the needs of the children-user group. Finally, from the perspectives of openness and security, preference and diversity, positive and negative, and reality and potential, it proposes a method to assess the existing environment. This study aims to extract the significant characteristics of the built environment that effectively support and promote children’s outdoors activities, and explore the design strategy of improving street space sharing through optimizing space elements and structure at the medium and micro levels, so as to respond to multiple goals including livable city development from the perspective of child friendliness. This study also tries to change the logical way of design thinking and provide an eco-psychological perspective on how to build a child-friendly community.     

我国绝缘子的发展现状及应考虑的问题

介绍了我国交直流悬式瓷、玻璃和复合绝缘子以及变电站和换流站支柱瓷、复合绝缘子和空心瓷、复合绝缘子及套管制造技术的发展历程和技术水平。并结合我国绝缘子的运行经验、制造技术水平以及对技术的认识,提出了不同类型绝缘子在制造、设计、选型、运行方面应考虑的问题及建议。如:330 kV及以上支柱瓷绝缘子应采用等静压干法成型工艺;制造企业应控制悬式瓷和玻璃绝缘子的铁帽、绝缘件和水泥胶装剂机械强度的分散性;160 kN、210 kN、300 kN、400 kN、530 kN机械强度等级的绝缘子,应分别采用φ24、φ24或φ28、φ30、φ34或φ38、φ38或φ40芯棒制造绝缘子。超高压和特高压可选该系列中芯棒较大值。不能在同一电压等级采用同一直径的芯棒来制造不同机械强度等级的绝缘子。c级及以下污秽等级复合绝缘子的爬电系数(C.F)不大于3.2;d级及以上污秽等级爬电系数(C.F)不大于3.5;e级及以上污秽等级爬电系数(C.F)不大于3.8;等。