计算既有居住建筑采暖能耗将有基准线

今后我国北方210个城市的既有居住建筑理论采暖能耗的计算将有更明确的标准,即基准线。根据基准线,用比较简单的方法就可以计算出一个住宅小区或整个城市的居住建筑采暖能耗,以及由此产生的二氧化碳排放量,判断出采取节能改造措施可能获得的节能减排潜力,并为在我国开展碳排放交易提供公认的基础数据。该基准线是"北方城镇既有居住建筑采暖能耗基准线研究项目"的研究成果。据介绍,进行"基准线"研究是既有建筑节能改造的需要。北方居住建筑采暖能耗约占全国居住建筑总能耗的40%,节能减排潜力巨大,提高北方既有居住建筑能效是居住建筑节能减排的关键。     

既有采暖居住建筑节能改造

根据我国对既有采暖居住建筑节能的相关要求,介绍了对既有采暖居住建筑进行节能改造的必要性,指出居住建筑节能改造可降低建筑能耗,节约能源,改善空气品质,提高人民的居住生活环境。     

我国北方采暖地区既有居住建筑供热计量及节能改造的目标分析及政策建议

<正>北方采暖地区既有居住建筑供热计量及节能改造工作是我国建筑节能工作的重点领域,也是贯彻落实"十一五"节能减排任务的重要内容。北方地区建筑采暖能耗占当地全社会能耗的25%左右,占我国建筑总能耗的40%。开展北方采暖地区既有居住建筑供热计量及节能改造,推进供热计量改革,可以有效降     

北方采暖地区建筑节能改造探讨

随着建筑业的飞速发展以及建筑功能的提升,建筑能耗在社会总能耗中所占比例越来越大,推动建筑向绿色节能发展成为国内外建筑业发展趋势。本文分析了我国北方地区既有居住建筑能耗状况与节能潜力,研究了适合北方采暖地区居住建筑的节能改造方案,提出适合北方采暖地区的建筑节能改造措施,如围护结构的节能改造等,为该地区节能改造工程提供参考借鉴。     

严寒地区既有居住建筑热计量改造节能效果分析

针对严寒地区既有居住建筑采暖能耗过大的问题,在建筑围护结构满足节能要求的基础上实施热计量改造,以克拉玛依市某供热区域改造工程为例,通过采暖期能耗数据分析得出,既有节能居住建筑实行热计量改造具有良好的节能效果。     

既有居住建筑节能改造经济激励研究

北方采暖地区既有居住建筑具有居住热舒适度差、供热系统效率低、采暖能耗高等不足,因此北方采暖地区既有居民建筑节能改造意义重大。但目前节能改造普遍受到节能改造经济激励政策缺失及市场机制不健全的阻碍。基于此,本文主要围绕既有居民建筑节能改造经济激励展开论述,以期推进既有居住建筑节能改造水平的提高。     

“热改”何时不再难改

今年初,财政部与住房和城乡建设部印发了《关于进一步深入开展北方采暖地区既有居住建筑供热计量及节能改造工作的通知》,明确了2011年将完成北方采暖地区既有居住建筑供热计量及节能改造5000万平方米的基本任务。为深入推进十二五北方采暖区既有居住建筑供热计量及节能改造工作,6月9日财政部、住房和城乡建设部联合举办了北方采暖区既有居住建筑节能改造工作会暨部分省、市节能改造工作协议签字仪式,全面部署十二五北方采暖区既有居住建筑供热计量及节能改造工作。     

徐州地区既有居住建筑能耗调查与节能改造分析

我国既有居住建筑特别是老旧小区建筑存在能耗高、居住舒适性差的缺点。为了提高既有居住建筑室内环境舒适度,降低建筑能耗,针对徐州地区典型居住建筑的基本情况、家庭概况、围护结构、用能设备、采暖空调设施等进行全面调查,分析居住建筑存在的节能缺陷;并针对节能问题提出了多层次的节能改造方案,为节能改造的实施提供理论支撑。     

青岛市既有居住建筑采暖用能现状研究

为了解青岛市既有居住建筑的采暖能耗现状,本文统计分析了青岛市256座换热站于2015-2016采暖季的采暖能耗,此外本文还选取了青岛市8座典型既有非节能居住建筑社区进行了分析,并通过EPSCT软件对末端典型建筑建立了分析模型,研究结果表明青岛市2015-2016采暖季既有居住建筑的平均采暖能耗为0.366 GJ/m~2,而典型既有非节能居住社区二次输配管网的热损失率为9.7%。     

不同改造方案对既有居住建筑节能效果的影响

以唐山河北1号小区既有居住建筑综合节能改造工程为例,分析了中国寒冷地区既有居住建筑不同改造方案的节能保温效果。通过采用围护结构保温、塑钢中空低辐射(Low-E)镀膜玻璃、供暖系统改造、分户热计量等节能技术后,单位建筑面积的采暖能耗最低为11.9 W/m2,平均采暖能耗13.37 W/m2,3栋示范建筑都可以实现节能65%的节能标准。按单位建筑面积平均节煤量22.57 kg/m2计算,北方采暖地区既有居住建筑节能改造后,每年可节约标准煤约4875万t,减少二氧化碳排放1.24亿t,减少二氧化硫排放6.79×104 t,减少氮氧化物排放43.7×104 t。     

集中供热系统的节能措施

分析了居住建筑供暖能耗不达标的原因,探讨了采用节能设备及锅炉房节能控制的供热系统节能措施.结合工程实例,对采取节能措施的3座住宅小区的供暖能耗进行了计算分析.采取节能措施后,居住建筑单位面积综合耗煤量达到了节能标准.     

上海某住宅建筑围护结构能耗模拟与节能性分析

本文在对长江流域气候和住宅建筑能耗特点及嗣护结构保温隔热措施适应性的分析基础上,以上海某节能住宅小区内建筑为例,采用DeST软件对其典型住宅楼进行了能耗模拟,比较了不同围护结构保温隔热方式对采暖、空调及全年总能耗的节能率的影响,最终得到最适用于上海地区的围护结构节能措施,为夏热冬冷地区住宅建筑的节能设计方案提供依据。     

住宅建筑节能规范学习与体会

通过对住宅建筑节能规范的学习,列举了影响住宅建筑能耗的主要参数,总结了居住建筑节能的要求,并介绍了常用保温材料及性能,提出了供排水、采暖、电气等专业的节能措施,以实现可持续发展的目标。     

新疆地区既有居住建筑节能改造的技术研究

寒冷地区既有居住建筑能耗在建筑总能耗中所占比例最大,浪费特别严重,也是节能潜力最大的部分。结合新疆目前既有居住建筑节能改造的现状,从建筑外围护结构、供热管网和热源系统等方面研究了主要的节能改造技术,针对既有居住建筑的改造工程,探讨合理的改造方案,为即将到来的大规模既有居住建筑节能改造提供参考。     

鲁中地区农村住宅节能研究

目前,城市住宅建筑节能日趋完善,农村住宅则相对欠缺。其中很重要的原因就是适合农村住宅的节能技术的研发及其推广不够。从鲁中地区农村住宅的规划布局构造、耗能情况、围护结构保温技术、住宅新型采暖技术、太阳能的利用及住宅节能的经济性等方面,对农村住宅节能状况进行了分析,指出当前农村节能技术研究存在的问题,对农村住宅建筑节能技术进行探讨和总结。     

外墙外保温系统适宜性分析研究

采暖地区的既有居住建筑很大部分为砖混结构,建筑围护结构热工性能差,墙体不保温,造成了全年采暖空调能耗年年攀高。而外墙对室内温度影响大,是节能改造的关键之一。文中采用DeST-h软件对兰州市某小区的一栋典型住宅建筑进行能耗模拟,通过比较几组不同构造和厚度的外墙保温体系和未保温墙体的负荷指标,分析了不同外保温体系对建筑负荷的影响,确定该地区最适宜的外保温构造方式。     

Contrastive analyses on annual energy consumption characteristics and the influence mechanism between new and old residential buildings in Shanghai, China, by the statistical methods

The purposes of this research are to contrast the energy use characteristics of old residential buildings and new residential buildings in Shanghai, China, to look into influence factors of residential energy consumption, and to further analyze the reasons which result in the differences of energy consumption quantities between high-energy use family group and low-energy use family group. 1610 families in Residential District A and 819 families in Residential District B were chosen to trace their monthly energy consumption data in the whole year of 2006. Buildings in District A were all constructed in the 1980s, while those in District B were built in the 2000s. 300 families in each district were further selected from all above investigated families to do questionnaires in the year of 2007, so as to understand building characteristics, the possession and utilization of space heating and cooling appliances, and energy-saving consciousness. Annual energy consumption of the two kinds of buildings is contrasted and energy consumption quantities of spacing cooling and heating are also calculated. Influencing factors of residential energy consumption are analyzed by Quantification Theory I. Quantification Theory III is used to classify all the families into different categories based on the differences in their energy consumption amounts, and to further find out the reasons leading to the different energy consumption between different groups. Conclusions are as follows: (1) the average annual energy consumption quantity is 23.27 GJ/household for new buildings and 14.40 GJ/household for old buildings. The ratio of space heating and cooling to total annual energy consumption is just 16% and 11.6% for new buildings and old buildings respectively; (2) energy consumption and its variance lie on the integration of many factors, such as the floor area, materials of window frames, the number of family members, operation months of space heaters in winter and air conditioners in summer, and energy-saving actions; (3) all the families in the two districts can be classified into two categories: Household Region M of much energy use, and Household Region N of little energy use. Adopting the aluminum window frames, large floor areas and the large number of family members (above 4 person) are the main reasons leading to more energy use in Household Region M, while the small number of family members (1-2 persons/household) and small floor areas are the main reasons resulting in the less energy use in Household Region N; the long period of space heating, using illumination as little as possible are also the reasons causing the differences in energy consumption quantities between the two categories, but their influences on the samples clustering are smaller than the main reasons above; (4) compared with the energy consumption in some developed countries, the ratio of space heating and cooling to total residential energy use is much smaller in Shanghai. Indoor thermal environment is very poor besides that. With the growth of economy and the improvement of living standard, people will have the higher requirement for good-quality indoor thermal environment, and hence space heaters and coolers will be used much more frequently, so the residential energy consumption in China will still continuously increase rapidly, if few energy-conservation strategies are adopted; (5) considering current little prevalence of energy-saving actions with low efficiency, more effective energy-saving actions should be fully adopted in China.     

Energy savings in Danish residential building stock

A large potential for energy savings exists in the Danish residential building stock due to the fact that 75% of the buildings were constructed before 1979 when the first important demands for energy performance of building were introduced. It is also a fact that many buildings in Denmark face comprehensive renovations in the coming years and in connection with this renovation process energy-saving measures can be implemented relatively inexpensive and cost effective. This opportunity should be used to insure the buildings in the future as far as energy consumption is concerned. This paper gives a short account of the technical energy-saving possibilities that are present in existing dwellings and presents a financial methodology used for assessing energy-saving measures. In order to estimate the total savings potential detailed calculations have been performed in a case with two typical buildings representing the residential building stock and based on these calculations an assessment of the energy-saving potential is performed. A profitable savings potential of energy used for space heating of about 80% is identified over 45 years (until 2050) within the residential building stock if the energy performances are upgraded when buildings are renovated.     

既有采暖居住建筑节能改造的调查评判方法初探

文章通过唐山市既有采暖居住建筑节能改造基础数据调查工作实践的阐述,初步总结出符合北方地区实际情况的既有居住建筑节能改造基础数据调查方法及综合评判方法。