响应面法优化油菜籽粕中硫苷酶解工艺及其降解产物抑菌作用的初步研究

以油菜籽粕为原料,在单因素实验基础上,选取酶解缓冲液p H、酶解温度和酶解时间为自变量,以酶解产物异硫氰酸酯含量为响应值,利用Box-Behnken中心组合设计原理和响应面分析法,研究各自变量的交互作用对异硫氰酸酯含量的影响,建立异硫氰酸酯含量的二次回归方程,并通过抑菌圈实验,分析了异硫氰酸酯对哈密瓜采后两种常见病原菌的抑制作用。结果表明:酶解缓冲液p H3.70、酶解温度45℃、酶解时间96 min,在此最优条件下异硫氰酸酯含量为3.005%。抑菌实验表明,异硫氰酸酯对镰刀菌和链格孢菌有明显的抑制作用。      

Plackett-Burman设计和响应面法优化芥子中硫苷的超声波提取工艺

通过预试验和扫描电镜法分析得出超声波提取可提高芥子中硫苷的提取率,进而采用Plackett-Burman(PB)试验和响应面法研究芥子中硫苷的超声波提取最佳工艺条件,并以硫苷的提取率作为响应值。在单因素试验的基础上,采用PB试验从影响超声波提取的因素中筛选出超声功率和乙醇浓度两个显著因素,在此基础上,通过最陡爬坡试验逼近最大硫苷提取率区域,然后通过中心组合设计试验对显著因素进行优化,得出最佳超声波提取工艺条件为:仪器(超声波细胞粉碎机)参数为超声功率300 W、超声工作时间4 s(间歇时间6 s),提取总时间25 min(即超声150次),液料比15:1(mL/g)和乙醇体积分数48%。在此条件下,硫苷提取率为2.902%,与预测值2.894%相对误差为0.276%。这表明PB试验结合响应面法可以很好地优化芥子中硫苷的超声波提取工艺。     

双水相法提取油菜籽粕中原花青素

采用双水相法对油菜籽粕中原花青素进行提取。在单因素实验基础上,选取乙醇体积分数、硫酸铵质量分数、p H和提取温度为自变量,以原花青素得率为响应值,利用Box-Benhnken中心组合设计原理和响应面分析法,研究各自变量的交互作用对原花青素得率的影响,建立油菜籽粕原花青素提取得率的二次回归方程。结果表明,双水相法提取油菜籽粕原花青素的最佳工艺条件:乙醇体积分数26%,硫酸铵质量分数18%,p H2.40,提取温度39℃,在此最优条件下原花青素得率为7.78 mg/g。该研究为油菜籽粕中原花青素合理开发利用提供一定的数据基础。      

响应面法优化红花籽粕蛋白质提取工艺

以榨油后的红花籽粕粉为原料,采用碱溶酸沉法对其蛋白质提取工艺进行了研究,通过单因素试验和响应面法确立了最佳的提取工艺参数。结果表明:因素影响顺序依次为pH值液料比提取时间提取温度。蛋白质提取优化工艺参数为pH值10.5、料液比1∶19.8、时间90min和提取温度25℃,红花籽粕蛋白质提取率可达29.7%。蛋白质提取回归模型高度显著(R2=0.9445),拟合性好,为生产红花籽粕蛋白质提供依据。     

响应面法优化水飞蓟粕蛋白的提取工艺

在pH、液料比、温度及提取时间4个单因素实验的基础上,应用响应面分析法确定了提取水飞蓟粕蛋白的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,用碱提酸沉法提取水飞蓟粕蛋白的最佳条件是:pH11,液料比16∶1,温度50℃,提取时间60min,在此条件下蛋白的提取率为54.52%。      

响应面法优化水飞蓟粕蛋白的提取工艺

在pH、液料比、温度及提取时间4个单因素实验的基础上,应用响应面分析法确定了提取水飞蓟粕蛋白的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,用碱提酸沉法提取水飞蓟粕蛋白的最佳条件是:pH11,液料比16∶1,温度50℃,提取时间60min,在此条件下蛋白的提取率为54.52%。     

响应面优化超声提取黑芝麻粕中芝麻素的工艺

通过单因素试验考察超声功率、料液比、乙醇体积分数、提取时间对芝麻素得率的影响,建立提取条件与芝麻素得率之间的回归方程,采用Design Expert软件优化得到最佳提取工艺条件。超声辅助提取黑芝麻粕中芝麻素的最佳条件为提取时间1.9 h、料液比1∶25 g/mL、乙醇体积分数83%、超声功率400 W,在此条件下芝麻素得率为66.70 mg/100 g,与预测值基本符合。抗氧化活性试验表明,芝麻素对DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基具有较强的清除作用。研究结果可为黑芝麻粕的功能性成分提取及下游产业研发提供参考。     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取胡麻粕中多酚工艺条件

以多酚提取量为指标,在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面法优化了超声辅助提取胡麻粕中多酚的工艺条件。结果表明,超声辅助提取胡麻粕中多酚的最佳工艺条件为:以体积分数54%的乙醇溶液为提取剂,在料液比1∶20、超声功率240 W、提取温度57℃的条件下,提取40 min。在最佳工艺条件下,胡麻粕中多酚提取量为10.14 mg/g。     

响应面法优化茶叶籽粕中多糖的提取工艺

以提取油脂之后的茶叶籽粕为原料,研究从茶叶籽粕中提取茶多糖的工艺,对提取工艺中液料比、乙醇浓度、浸提时间和浸提温度分别进行了单因素实验,以考察各因素对多糖得率的影响。利用4因素3水平的响应面法(RSM)建立二次回归模型,对4因素进行优化组合,同时对各因素和因素交互作用进行方差分析,从而确定茶叶籽粕提取茶多糖的最佳工艺条件为液料比12∶1、乙醇浓度64%、浸提温度50℃,浸提时间1.25h。实际得率为6.43%。优化后工艺茶多糖浸出得率高、安全可靠,可为茶多糖在食品方面的开发与应用提供理论基础。      

响应面法优化茶叶籽粕中多糖的提取工艺

以提取油脂之后的茶叶籽粕为原料,研究从茶叶籽粕中提取茶多糖的工艺,对提取工艺中液料比、乙醇浓度、浸提时间和浸提温度分别进行了单因素实验,以考察各因素对多糖得率的影响。利用4因素3水平的响应面法(RSM)建立二次回归模型,对4因素进行优化组合,同时对各因素和因素交互作用进行方差分析,从而确定茶叶籽粕提取茶多糖的最佳工艺条件为液料比12∶1、乙醇浓度64%、浸提温度50℃,浸提时间1.25h。实际得率为6.43%。优化后工艺茶多糖浸出得率高、安全可靠,可为茶多糖在食品方面的开发与应用提供理论基础。     

The aqueous extraction of glucosinolates from rapeseed

The losses of seed constituents from Brassica campestris var. Toria for various conditions of the leaching process developed at the Overseas Development Natural Resources Institute (ODNRI) were studied. Boiling seeds for 3 min at a seed/water ratio of 1:3 was sufficient to allow inactivation of the enzyme myrosinase; higher ratios did not increase losses in any of the constituents studied.
Heat treatment of the seeds (5 min in boiling water) reduced the nitrogen solubility at the native pH (6.5) from 28 to 8%. The pH had little effect on the extent of glucosinolate leaching from coarsely ground seeds and the minimum protein loss occurred close to the native pH. Increased water temperatures (40, 50 and 80°C) did not lead to an increased leaching efficiency over ambient temperature (20°C). Seed/water ratio was found to be the most important factor during leaching. Cross-current extraction over three stages at a seed/water ratio of 1:10 reduced the glucosinolate content by 98% while the crude protein loss was about 8.6%.     

响应面分析法优化非洲山毛豆种子凝集素提取工艺的研究

在单因素试验基础上采用响应面分析法优化非洲山毛豆种子凝集素的提取工艺。研究表明:TBS缓冲液为非洲山毛豆种子凝集素的最佳提取溶液;非洲山毛豆种子凝集素提取的优化工艺条件为料液比1:40(g/mL),pH8.0,Nacl浓度0.125mol/L,提取时间16h。     

Response surface methodology applied to the analysis of rice bran oil extraction process with ethanol

Vegetable oils can be extracted using ethanol as solvent. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the ethanol performance on the extraction process of rice bran oil. The influence of process variables, solvent hydration and temperature was evaluated using the response surface methodology, aiming to maximise the soluble substances and γ‐oryzanol transfer and minimise the free fatty acids extraction and the liquid content in the underflow solid. It can be noted that oil solubility in ethanol was highly affected by the water content. The free fatty acids extraction is improved by increasing the moisture content in the solvent. Regarding the γ‐oryzanol, it can be observed that its extraction is affected by temperature when low level of water is added to ethanol. On the other hand, the influence of temperature is minimised with high levels of water in the ethanol.     

Response surface methodology for optimization of the mucilage extraction process from Pereskia aculeata Miller

In this report, a process for hydrocolloid extraction from Pereskia aculeata Miller (Barbados gooseberry), popularly known in Brazil as Ora-pró-nóbis (OPN), was developed. In the process, several operations, such as extraction, pressing, filtration, precipitation, grinding and drying, were required. The independent variables evaluated to determine the optimum extraction conditions were the ratio of water:raw material and the extraction temperature. The significant results at each stage were analyzed using the response surface method. The conditions that presented the highest precipitate yield, highest pH value, highest hue value (clear product), highest filtrate viscosity and minimum flow rate value were a water:raw material ratio of 2.46–3.70 L/kg and an extraction temperature between 54.6 and 80 °C. Using the optimized process, gums were prepared at different concentrations and the centesimal composition, mineral content, viscosity and emulsion formation capacities were analyzed. The stability of these emulsions was evaluated at room temperature and at 80 °C. The emulsion formation capacity of the product was verified as being proportional to the increase of the powder concentration. The OPN gums obtained at a solution concentration of 1 g/100 mL presented an emulsion formation capacity of 83%, and the increase in temperature reduced emulsion stability. The powdered product obtained was found to be close to yellow in color with high protein content and with functionalities that can be used in the food industry.     

真空挤压膨化水酶法提取大豆油的工艺研究

对水酶法提取大豆油真空挤压膨化工艺进行了研究,在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面优化方法确定真空挤压膨化工艺的最优条件为：套筒温度为86.85℃、真空度为-0.067MPa、模孔孔径为22mm、螺杆转速为91r/min、物料含水率为16%,总油提取率可达到93.87%,比传统的湿热预处理后酶解的总油提取率提高了约21个百分点。     

响应面法优化水提菜籽多糖工艺

研究了从菜籽粕中水提菜籽多糖的工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,以提取温度、提取时间与料液比为因素,以菜籽多糖得率为指标,采用响应面法优化菜籽多糖的提取工艺。结果表明:在提取温度80℃、提取时间3.4 h、料液比1∶34、提取1次的条件下,菜籽多糖得率为2.09%。     

响应面法优化玫瑰醋糟酶解工艺

针对玫瑰醋糟组织致密,高酸性的特点,从水解度的角度出发,通过采用响应面方法对玫瑰醋糟中的大米蛋白提取过程中的温度、酶用量、pH等工艺条件进行了优化.采用Plackett-Burman(PB)设计法,对不同的酶用量、固液比、温度、时间、pH值5个因素对大米蛋白水解度的影响进行评价.结果表明:温度、酶用量、pH值为米糟蛋白提取过程中的主要影响因素,用中心组合设计及响应面分析法确定主要因素的最优条件,为温度56.8℃、酶用量1.1％、pH7.9,得到大米蛋白提取液的水解度为10.04％.     

响应曲面法优化番茄红色素的提取条件

以番茄干粉为原料,采用Plackett-Burman试验设计、最陡爬坡试验结合Box-Behnken设计对番茄红色素的提取工艺进行响应曲面优化.研究结果表明;番茄红色素的最大吸收峰为472 nm,提取温度、提取时间、Ca2+浓度对番茄红色素的提取影响显著,最陡爬坡试验表明响应中心为:提取温度50℃、提取时间110 min、Ca2+ 12 mmol/L,最后用Box-Behnken响应面技术建立了关键影响提取率的二次多项式数学模型:Y-0.902+0.09X1-0.039X2+0.046X3-0.139X12-0.104X22-0.070X32+0.056X1X2+0.068X2X3,得到最佳提取工艺为:提取温度为53℃;提取时间为111 min; Ca2+的浓度为13 mmol/L.模型预测结果提取率达到92.30％,验证试验结果提取率达到92.07％.     

响应面法优化表面活性剂/微波辅助提取海红果渣中果胶的工艺

以表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)水溶液为萃取剂,采用微波辅助提取海红果渣中的果胶,系统考察了SDS浓度、p H、微波时间、料液比、提取温度等因素的影响,并通过响应面法对提取工艺进行了优化,得出最佳工艺条件为表面活性剂浓度为0.8%,提取温度为50℃,料液比为1∶15,微波时间为14min,p H为2.0,重复提取两次,在该条件下,海红果渣中果胶得率为16.1%。与拟合的二次回归模型预测值基本相符。      

响应面法优化金花葵多糖提取工艺

以金花葵的茎叶为原料,用水提法对其多糖成分进行提取,研究不同提取条件对金花葵多糖得率的影响。本研究以金花葵多糖的得率为考察指标,对提取温度、提取时间、料液比进行单因素实验的基础上,再利用响应面法优化金花葵多糖的提取条件。结果表明,金花葵多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为提取温度72℃、提取时间3.25 h、料液比1∶32(g∶m L)。金花葵多糖得率的验证值,与预测值的相对误差为0.23%,说明采用响应面法对金花葵多糖提取条件进行优化可行合理。