液体分散靛蓝染料的制备及其染色性能研究

研究了液体分散靛蓝的制备工艺及其染色性能,分析了染料粒径、还原剂对染色效果的影响,结果表明:液体分散靛蓝最佳的研磨时间为4 h,还原剂选择保险粉,最佳用量为140 g/L,氢氧化钠质量浓度为65 g/L。与常规的粉状靛蓝相比,液体分散靛蓝的匀染性能、耐摩擦色牢度均较优。     

靛蓝分散体的制备及其还原-氧化过程

针对靛蓝染色织物得色量低的问题,对靛蓝的分散工艺进行改进。研究了分散剂种类及质量分数对靛蓝分散稳定性及染色性能的影响;分析了染料粒径、还原剂质量浓度、温度、pH值对靛蓝还原效果及速率的影响;探讨了氧化方式对染色织物色牢度的影响。结果表明:采用质量分数为1.5%的分散剂DM-1501制备的靛蓝分散体,其染色棉织物K/S值达到11.92;粒径为280 nm左右的靛蓝分散体在保险粉质量浓度为1 g/L,还原温度为 80 ℃, pH值为11的还原条件下,还原液中隐色体吸光度达到最大,半还原时间减少至0.2 min; 采用空气氧化得到的靛蓝染色棉织物的耐干摩擦色牢度为4级,耐湿摩擦色牢度为3级,明显优于双氧水氧化得到的染色织物。     

液体分散靛蓝还原体系优化设计

采用minitab软件,运用响应曲面设计中心合成试验,探究了还原温度、还原时间、还原剂、氢氧化钠4个响应因子对液体分散靛蓝染料染色织物色光、K/S值、摩擦色牢度等的显著性影响。通过统计分析,得出了最佳工艺配方：还原温度40℃、还原时间46 min、保险粉126 g/L、氢氧化钠98 g/L。同时测试其染液的COD、染色织物的拉曼光谱,与粉状靛蓝对比,其染化料用量更少,染料上染率更高,成本更低,环保性更好。     

超声波对植物靛蓝染料棉织物染色性能的影响

为提高植物靛蓝染料的染色性能,通过正交试验确定了超声波对植物靛蓝染料染棉织物的最佳染色工艺,探讨了超声波对植物靛蓝染料染色性能的影响及其作用机制。结果表明：超声波最佳染色工艺为：保险粉质量浓度为15g/L,烧碱质量浓度为5 g/L,染色时间4 min,染色温度为20℃,超声波功率密度0.5W/cm2。将超声波技术应用于植物靛蓝染料的染色工艺,不仅可使染色样品的耐摩擦色牢度和耐皂洗色牢度有所提高,而且可缩短染色时间,提高上染率、降低染色温度。     

棉纤维靛蓝染料/液蜡体系染色工艺

为了解决靛蓝染料上染率低、染色需多次浸轧的问题,采用液体石蜡作为棉纤维靛蓝染料染色介质,研究高质量浓度靛蓝染料的还原工艺及棉纤维在靛蓝染料/液蜡体系中的浸染新工艺。研究结果表明,高质量浓度隐色体制备的最佳条件为:靛蓝染料30 g/L,NaOH 50 g/L,保险粉160 g/L,还原温度60℃,还原时间20 min;棉纤维在液蜡介质中的最佳浸染工艺条件为:棉纤维带液率80%,m(棉纤维)∶m(隐色体)=1∶2,染色温度60℃,染色时间50 min,m(棉纤维)∶m(液蜡)=1∶50。在最佳工艺条件下,一次染色棉纤维K/S值可达到24.75。     

植物靛蓝与合成靛蓝染料的还原性比较

为了比较植物靛蓝和合成靛蓝染料的性能差异,选择还原温度、氢氧化钠或碳酸钠用量、还原时间及保险粉用量等因素,在多水平条件下进行靛蓝染料还原实验。结果表明:植物靛蓝和合成靛蓝染料在还原条件上有很大差异,合成靛蓝染料需要在高温、强碱、高浓度、强还原剂条件下还原,在还原温度≥80℃、烧碱质量浓度5～8 g/L、保险粉质量浓度≥20 g/L条件下染液的还原效果较优;植物靛蓝染料仅需要在低温、弱碱、较低质量浓度还原剂的条件下还原,即40℃、纯碱质量浓度11 g/L、保险粉质量浓度16 g/L。二者在还原条件上的差异是区分植物靛蓝与合成靛蓝染料的手段之一。     

靛蓝天然染料对竹炭针织物染色的优化工艺探讨

文章对靛蓝染料的特性和染色机理进行了分析,对竹炭针织面料的染色性能进行了探讨,对竹炭纤维织物用靛蓝染料进行染色的工艺进行了研究。通过工艺改进,分析确定了靛蓝天然染料对竹炭纤维针织物进行染色的最佳准备、染色、皂洗工艺参数。其中最佳靛蓝还原工艺为:TD 1.67g,尿素2.08g,NaNO_2 1.25g,还原温度45℃;最佳染色工艺为:浴比1∶50,染料浓度5g/L,染色温度45℃。     

靛蓝染料染棉织物时还原剂的应用研究

研究靛蓝染料对棉织物染色中,还原剂保险粉、二氧化硫脲的应用。探讨了还原剂的用量,氢氧化钠的用量对染液还原电位以及染色后织物的K/S值、干摩擦和湿摩擦牢度的影响,得出靛蓝染料浓度为10g/L时,二氧化硫脲用量为7g/L,氢氧化钠10g/L时染色性能较好。     

棉纤维靛蓝染料/液蜡体系染色工艺

针对靛蓝染料上染率低,染色时须多次浸轧的问题,采用液体石蜡作为棉纤维靛蓝染料染色介质,研究了高浓度靛蓝染料的还原工艺及棉纤维在靛蓝染料/液蜡体系中的浸染新工艺。结果表明,高质量浓度隐色体制备的最佳条件为:靛蓝染料30 g/L,NaOH 50 g/L,保险粉160 g/L,还原温度60℃,还原时间20 min。棉纤维在液蜡介质中的最佳浸染工艺条件为:棉纤维带液率80%,m(棉)∶m(隐色体)=1∶2,染色温度60℃,染色时间50 min,m(液蜡)∶m(棉)=50∶1。在最佳工艺条件下,一次染色棉纤维的K/S值可达到24.75。     

靛蓝染料染色中还原剂的应用研究

本文研究了靛蓝染料对棉织物染色中,还原剂保险粉、二氧化硫脲的应用。探讨了还原剂的用量,氢氧化钠的用量对染液还原电位以及染色后织物的K/S值、干摩擦和湿摩擦牢度的影响,得出靛蓝染料浓度为10g/L时,二氧化硫脲用量为7g/L,氢氧化钠10g/L时染色性能较好。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the