棉针织物60 ℃练漂一浴工艺

将有机类漂白活化剂和仿酶催化剂复配,制备出新型双氧水低温漂白复合活化剂,并将其应用于棉针织物双氧水低温练漂工艺。优化的复合活化剂低温练漂工艺为：30%H2O2 10 g/L,复合活化剂1.5 g/L,稳定剂PBTCA 0.5 g/L,低温精练1 g/L,NaOH 1 g/L,浴比10〖KG-*9〗∶〖KG-*2〗1,60 ℃处理60 min。该工艺处理后的织物白度可达71.44%,强力损失率为2.4%,与传统高温练漂工艺的处理效果接近;再经活性染料染色,染色织物的表观深度、耐皂洗色牢度及耐干、湿摩擦牢度均可达到传统高温练漂工艺的效果。     

席夫碱金属配合物的合成及低温漂白性能研究

以水杨醛与3,5-二氨基苯甲酸为原料,通过醛胺缩合制成席夫碱配体,并与Co2+、Mn2+、Cu2+金属离子络合得到了相应的过渡金属配合物,采用紫外光谱、红外光谱、1H-NMR对其结构进行了表征。并将这3种席夫碱金属配合物作为催化剂用于棉针织物双氧水低温漂白,测试并比较了催化剂种类、配合物浓度、双氧水浓度、pH值、温度和时间对漂白效果的影响。结果表明,3种催化剂都具有低温催化漂白性能,其中Mn2L的催化漂白效果最好;最佳漂白工艺:30%H2O2为10 g/L,Mn2L为20μmol/L,pH值为11,Na2SiO3为1 g/L,JFC为1 g/L,70℃处理60 min,浴比1∶20。     

双核锰配合物在低温漂白中的活化作用

合成了配体1,4,7-三甲基-1,4,7-三氮环壬烷(Me3 TACN)及其双核锰配合物,采用红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振(1HNMR)、元素分析(EA)和热重分析(TGA)证实了其结构;并将该锰配合物用于双氧水低温漂白棉针织物.探讨了温度、配合物浓度、双氧水质量浓度、稳定剂质量浓度及pH值对漂白效果的影响.通过单因素试验,研究了该配合物对双氧水低温漂白棉针织物的催化作用,获得优化漂白工艺为:30％ H2O2质量浓度8 g/L,配合物浓度10 μmol/L,渗透剂质量浓度为1 g/L,稳定剂DTA质量浓度为1 g/L,pH值为10,浴比为1∶20,60℃下漂白60 min.处理后的织物白度达73.13％,顶破强力保留率达93.7％.     

棉织物的金属配合物低温催化漂白

采用CoS3和CuS3配合物作催化剂,应用于棉织物双氧水低温浸渍漂白,研究了配合物浓度、双氧水浓度、pH值、温度和时间对漂白效果的影响。通过单因素试验,得到的优化工艺为:30%H2O210g/L,CoS3 2μmol/L(CuS3 10μmol/L),Na2SiO31g/L,JFC 1g/L,70℃处理60min,浴比1∶20。     

铜配合物在棉针织物低温中性漂白中的应用

针对传统棉织物高温漂白过程中能耗过高的问题,采用含亚氨基二乙酸、二价铜离子和吡啶衍生物的铜配合物作为双氧水低温漂白的催化剂,构建棉针织物的新型低温漂白体系。探讨了温度、配合物浓度、漂白时间、烧碱质量浓度、双氧水质量浓度等因素对棉针织物漂白效果的影响,同时研究了木质素模型化合物对香豆酸的降解过程,进而推测出该铜配合物催化剂催化漂白棉针织物的机制。通过单因素试验,得到优化漂白工艺:金属配合物浓度为30 μmol/L, H₂O₂(30%)质量浓度为10 g/L,渗透剂JFC质量浓度为2 g/L,精练剂质量浓度为2 g/L,浴比为1∶30,60 ℃条件下处理60 min。结果表明,在不含碱的中性条件下,经过处理织物白度可达75.03%,且顶破强力损失较小。     

菠萝叶纤维卜公茶皂素前处理的可行性

采用卜公茶皂素对菠萝叶纤维纱线进行前处理。分别采用沸煮工艺、轧堆工艺和汽蒸工艺三种方式,测试了处理后菠萝叶纤维的白度、强力和毛效指标,得到的优化前处理工艺为：卜公茶皂素粉末质量浓度20 g/L,卜公茶皂素分散液质量浓度0.8 g/L,浴比1〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗30,100 ℃浸渍60 min。处理后纱线具有较好的白度、毛效、强力以及强力保留率。     

棉针织物的铁配合物低温催化漂白

以4,4′-二甲基-2,2′-联吡啶(L)及其氮氧化物(LNO)为配体,分别与铁盐反应,合成铁配合物FeL及FeLNO;采用红外光谱仪、核磁共振波谱仪和元素分析仪,对所合成的两个铁配合物结构进行分析,并将两个配合物应用于双氧水低温浸渍漂白棉针织物中。探讨了稳定剂浓度、双氧水浓度、pH值、温度、配合物浓度和漂白时间对漂白效果的影响。配合物FeLNO的优化漂白工艺为:稳定剂PBTCA 1 g/L,pH值为10.5,温度为65℃,时间为105 min,30%H2O2质量浓度为10 g/L,配合物浓度为12.5μmol/L,精练剂ZJ-CH60 1 g/L,浴比为1∶20。配合物FeL漂白优化工艺条件为:稳定剂PBTCA 1.5 g/L,pH值为11,温度为80℃,时间为90 min,30%H2O2质量浓度为10 g/L,配合物浓度为17.5μmol/L,精练剂ZJ-CH60 1 g/L,浴比为1∶20。从漂白效果来看,配合物FeLNO要优于配合物FeL。配合物FeLNO工艺漂白的织物白度达到73.5%,同样条件下未加入配合物漂白的织物白度仅为61.47%,说明配合物具有较好的低温催化漂白作用。     

棉针织物的锰配合物低温催化漂白

将桥连环多胺1,2二-(4,7二-甲基-1,4,7三-氮杂环壬烷-1)乙烷的锰配合物应用于棉针织物双氧水低温浸渍催化漂白加工,研究了配合物浓度、pH值、双氧水质量浓度、时间和温度等五个工艺因素对漂白效果的影响。通过该配合物对双氧水低温漂白棉针织物催化作用单因素试验和正交试验,得到的优化工艺为:30%H2O210 g/L,配合物30μmol/L,pH值12.5,温度80℃,稳定剂1 g/L,渗透剂1 g/L;织物经此工艺处理后,白度达68.94%,顶破强力保留率为85.93%。     

改性毛/腈织物的酸性染料一浴法染色

通过测定织物断裂强力、断裂伸长率、热收缩率,探讨了盐酸羟胺作为腈纶阳离子改性剂时的改性工艺,并研究了改性毛/腈混纺织物酸性染料一浴法染色工艺。结果表明,盐酸羟胺浓度10 g/L为最佳改性浓度。酸性染料对改性毛/腈混纺织物一浴法染色工艺为：染料用量2%（omf）,浴比1〖KG-*5〗∶〖KG-*5〗50,pH值2,在100 ℃染色60 min,可以缩短工艺流程,降低能耗,同时上染百分率、K/S值、各项染色牢度和匀染性能均达到染色要求。     

铜配合物在低温催化漂白棉针织物中的应用

以自制的N,N,N’,N’-四(2-吡啶甲基)乙二胺铜配合物(TPENCu)为催化剂,应用于棉针织物的双氧水低温漂白工艺。采用核磁共振波谱仪和元素分析仪等分析了该配合物的结构,探讨漂白温度、配合物质量浓度、双氧水质量浓度、烧碱用量、稳定剂用量和漂白时间对漂白效果的影响,通过正交试验,确定了低温漂白优化工艺为:30%H2O210 g/L,配合物TPENCu 20μmol/L,稳定剂0.5 g/L,精练剂0.5 g/L,烧碱2 g/L,浴比1∶10,温度70℃,时间60 min。配合物TPENCu具有很好的低温催化漂白效果,耐碱性较佳,织物处理后白度可达72.1%,顶破强力损失率为5.8%,与常规工艺相当。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the