靛蓝染料染棉织物时还原剂的应用研究

研究靛蓝染料对棉织物染色中,还原剂保险粉、二氧化硫脲的应用。探讨了还原剂的用量,氢氧化钠的用量对染液还原电位以及染色后织物的K/S值、干摩擦和湿摩擦牢度的影响,得出靛蓝染料浓度为10g/L时,二氧化硫脲用量为7g/L,氢氧化钠10g/L时染色性能较好。     

靛蓝染料染色中还原剂的应用研究

本文研究了靛蓝染料对棉织物染色中,还原剂保险粉、二氧化硫脲的应用。探讨了还原剂的用量,氢氧化钠的用量对染液还原电位以及染色后织物的K/S值、干摩擦和湿摩擦牢度的影响,得出靛蓝染料浓度为10g/L时,二氧化硫脲用量为7g/L,氢氧化钠10g/L时染色性能较好。     

不同还原剂在棉织物靛蓝染料染色的应用比较

研究以保险粉、二氧化硫脲作为还原剂,靛蓝染料对棉织物染色的应用。从还原剂的用量、氢氧化钠的用量对染液还原电位以及对染色后织物的K/S值、干摩擦和湿摩擦牢度的影响方面进行了比较,得出靛蓝染料浓度为10g/L时,二氧化硫脲用量为7g/L,氢氧化钠10g/L时,染液的还原效果及染色性能较优异。     

生物基尼龙56织物的还原染料染色

选用还原黄F3G、开达士林蓝BS-03、还原大红R、还原金黄RK染料,采用隐色体浸染法对生物基尼龙56织物进行染色,探讨了各工艺条件对染色效果的影响。优化工艺条件为:染色时间40 min;还原黄F3G4%(omf),保险粉10 g/L,氢氧化钠12 g/L、染色温度80℃;开达士林蓝BS-03 7%(omf),保险粉10 g/L,氢氧化钠10 g/L,染色温度90℃;还原大红R 7%(omf),保险粉12 g/L,氢氧化钠16 g/L,染色温度70℃;还原金黄RK7%(omf),保险粉10 g/L,氢氧化钠20 g/L,染色温度60℃。尼龙56织物经还原黄F3G和开达士林蓝BS-03染色后,耐摩擦、耐汗渍和耐皂洗色牢度优;经还原大红R和还原金黄RK染料染色后,具有很好的耐汗渍、耐皂洗色牢度,但耐摩擦色牢度略差。     

高纯度天然靛蓝的提取及其染色性能研究

以传统制靛初产物靛泥为原料,采用氧化还原方法,提纯分离出高纯度天然靛蓝染料,对还原温度、氢氧化钠浓度、保险粉浓度等氧化还原工艺因素进行探究,以靛蓝产率作为评价指标,获得最佳氧化还原法提纯工艺条件。并将提取的天然靛蓝应用在棉织物染色上,对还原温度、还原时间、染色温度、染色时间、保险粉浓度、氢氧化钠浓度等工艺参数进行研究,得到最佳染色工艺条件。结果表明：当保险粉浓度为1.00 g/L、还原温度为75℃、氢氧化钠浓度为2.00 g/L时,可获得最高靛蓝产率2.4%;在还原温度80℃、还原时间10 min、染色温度50℃、染色时间70 min、保险粉30.00 g/L、氢氧化钠10.00 g/L条件下,染色效果最佳。与商品化进口靛蓝相比,其耐皂洗色牢度一般,耐摩擦色牢度略低,耐日晒色牢度较好。     

还原型植物基染料在罗布麻纤维和织物染色中的应用

采用还原型植物基染料甜油桃红、橄榄绿和菊黄对罗布麻纤维及其混纺织物进行隐色体染色。探讨了还原剂R质量浓度、氢氧化钠质量浓度、染色温度、染色时间和元明粉用量等因素对K/S值的影响,测试了染色后纤维和织物的色牢度。结果表明,3种染料优化的工艺条件分别为:甜油桃红染色时,还原剂R 2 g/L、氢氧化钠10 g/L、染色温度65℃、染色时间45 min,元明粉15 g/L;橄榄绿染色时,还原剂R 8 g/L、氢氧化钠8 g/L、染色温度70℃、染色时间45 min,元明粉20 g/L;菊黄染色时,还原剂R 10 g/L、氢氧化钠10 g/L、染色温度65℃、染色时间35 min,元明粉15 g/L。随着还原剂R和氢氧化钠质量浓度的增加,还原电位绝对值逐渐变大,染料的存在使还原电位绝对值降低,染色后纤维和织物的各项色牢度均达3级以上。     

植物靛蓝与合成靛蓝染料的还原性比较

为了比较植物靛蓝和合成靛蓝染料的性能差异,选择还原温度、氢氧化钠或碳酸钠用量、还原时间及保险粉用量等因素,在多水平条件下进行靛蓝染料还原实验。结果表明:植物靛蓝和合成靛蓝染料在还原条件上有很大差异,合成靛蓝染料需要在高温、强碱、高浓度、强还原剂条件下还原,在还原温度≥80℃、烧碱质量浓度5～8 g/L、保险粉质量浓度≥20 g/L条件下染液的还原效果较优;植物靛蓝染料仅需要在低温、弱碱、较低质量浓度还原剂的条件下还原,即40℃、纯碱质量浓度11 g/L、保险粉质量浓度16 g/L。二者在还原条件上的差异是区分植物靛蓝与合成靛蓝染料的手段之一。     

保险粉与二氧化硫脲在溴靛蓝染色中的效果比较

以保险粉和二氧化硫脲作为还原剂,通过正交实验方法探讨了还原剂用量、烧碱用量、母液还原温度、染色温度对溴靛蓝染色深度的影响。在各自优化条件下,比较了染色深度、耐摩擦色牢度、染液还原电位、染液电导率、染液COD和BOD等指标。结果表明:在相同的染色条件下,保险粉作为还原剂的溴靛蓝染色K/S值明显高于二氧化硫脲;优化条件下,两种还原剂染色的耐摩擦色牢度基本相同,起始还原电位接近,但二氧化硫脲的还原电位稳定性优于保险粉。     

催化还原清洗对涤纶织物染色牢度的影响

将自制的金属蛋白催化剂MPC应用于分散染料染色涤纶和涤棉混纺织物的还原清洗工艺。优化的还原清洗工艺为：保险粉10 g/L、MPC催化剂2 g/L,氢氧化钠4 g/L,一浸一轧,85℃汽蒸90 s。与传统还原清洗效果比较,MPC可以催化保险粉分解,有效去除染色织物上的浮色,减少保险粉及氢氧化钠的用量,降低处理温度。     

二氧化硫脲代替保险粉用于还原染料的染色

我厂是以生产涤/棉运动服为主的生产厂。以往,藏蓝涤/棉交织布在用硫化还原蓝RNX染棉时,使用保险粉作还原剂。1987年以来,保险粉供应紧张,甚至处于停工待料的困境。在此情况下,我们开始寻找新的还原剂。经过试验,用二氧化硫脲替代保险粉获得了成功,开发出硫化还原蓝RNX染色的新工艺。二氧化硫脲在碱性条件下分解成尿素和     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press