不同品种淀粉的酶解性能研究

研究α-淀粉酶作用于不同品种淀粉的酶解性能。通过碘显色法和DNS法表征5种不同淀粉的酶解效果,采用淀粉分解率和DE值作为评价指标,对不同品种淀粉的酶解性能进行对比。结果表明:高直链玉米淀粉最难酶解,玉米淀粉次之,马铃薯淀粉、木薯淀粉和蜡质玉米淀粉的分解率较高。在所研究的酶用量范围及反应时间内,高直链玉米淀粉和普通玉米淀粉最终分解率只有90%左右,而蜡质玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉和木薯淀粉的淀粉分解率则能达到99%。     

几种木薯变性淀粉凝胶化性质的研究

对木薯醋酸酯淀粉、磷酸酯淀粉和氧化淀粉的糊化性质、流变特性和凝胶强度等凝胶化性质进行了比较研究.研究表明:醋酸酯淀粉和磷酸酯淀粉的糊化温度与原淀粉相当,氧化淀粉的糊化温度降低.醋酸酯淀粉和磷酸酯淀粉糊具有剪切稀化特性,属假塑性流体,氧化淀粉糊呈牛顿流体的特征.3种变性淀粉糊的表观粘度受浓度、温度和pH值的影响,与木薯原淀粉相比,变性淀粉糊具有较好的耐热和耐酸碱稳定性.而凝胶强度因变性基团的不同,差异较大.     

变性淀粉浆料的浆膜性能

在淀粉类浆料浆膜备研究的基础上,对原淀粉和酸解淀粉,氧化淀粉,醋酸酯淀粉,磷酸酯淀粉等几种常用变性淀粉浆料浆膜的拉伸强力,断裂伸长率,初始模量,等性能进行了测试,并对测试结果做了比较分析。     

超声辅助双酶法制备RS_3型籼米抗性淀粉工艺参数优化

以微波预糊化籼米淀粉为原料,采用超声波间歇式辅助,异淀粉酶和普鲁兰酶分步脱支酶解制备了RS_3型籼米抗性淀粉。以RS_3产率为考察指标,在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应面法对制备RS_3型籼米抗性淀粉的工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明,在淀粉乳质量分数10%、异淀粉酶酶解温度50℃、异淀粉酶酶解pH5.0、普鲁兰酶酶解温度60℃、普鲁兰酶酶解pH4.5、超声功率70 W条件下,最佳工艺条件为:异淀粉酶添加量16 U/g,异淀粉酶酶解时间3 h,普鲁兰酶添加量8 U/g,普鲁兰酶酶解时间2.2 h,超声时间7 min,超声间歇时间2.3 h。在最佳条件下,RS_3型籼米抗性淀粉产率可达18.19%。     

磷酸酯淀粉与醋酸酯淀粉性能对比

为探讨磷酸酯淀粉与醋酸酯淀粉性能及上浆效果的差异,对两种变性淀粉的浆膜、浆液性能进行了测试,分析了二者用于纯棉纱上浆效果的差异.结果表明:磷酸酯淀粉的浆液性能以及上浆效果均好于醋酸酯淀粉.     

马铃薯淀粉及其7种变性淀粉糊液特性的比较研究

通过对马铃薯淀粉(PS)及其7种变性淀粉(醋酸酯淀粉、羟丙基淀粉、磷酸酯双淀粉、乙酰化二淀粉磷酸酯、羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯、氧化淀粉、氧化羟丙基淀粉)在糊化温度、峰值黏度、热稳定性、凝胶性、抗剪切、耐酸性、冻融稳定性和透明度等性能差异的研究,探讨了不同改性方式对马铃薯淀粉糊特性的影响。结果表明:⑴羟丙基和醋酸酯改性均可降低马铃薯淀粉的糊化温度,提高淀粉峰值黏度,增加糊液透明度和冻融稳定性,但淀粉糊的热稳定性和凝胶性差;⑵交联改性提高了马铃薯淀粉的糊化温度和凝胶性,增强了糊液热稳定性和耐酸性,但透明度降低;⑶氧化处理降低了马铃薯淀粉的糊化温度和峰值黏度,提高淀粉糊透明度;(4)双重改性处理的复合变性淀粉同时兼有二种单一变性淀粉的共同特性,其中:氧化羟丙基淀粉的透明度最好,羟丙基二淀粉磷酸酯的冻融稳定性最好。     

季铵醚化改性对磷酸酯淀粉浆料性能的影响

为提高磷酸酯淀粉浆料的使用性能,通过改变3-氯-2羟丙基三甲基氯化铵醚化剂对磷酸酯淀粉的投料比,制备了一系列具有不同季铵醚阳离子取代度的磷酸酯变性淀粉。通过性能对比实验,研究了这种变性淀粉的季铵阳离子化变性对浆液ζ电位、黏度以及黏附性能和浆膜性能的影响。结果表明：随着季铵阳离子取代度的增加,这种变性淀粉浆液的ζ电位升高,黏度明显提高;季铵阳离子化变性能够进一步改善磷酸酯淀粉对棉纤维的黏附性能;随着阳离子取代度的增加,对棉纤维的黏附性能增大,浆膜的断裂伸长率增大。     

酶解-氧化复合变性淀粉的研究

对玉米淀粉采用次氯酸钠氧化和α -淀粉酶水解处理 ,研究了玉米淀粉的酶解 -氧化复合变性工艺以及对其应用性质的影响。结果表明 ,在酶浓度为 0 0 15 %以下 ,温度为 6 0～ 6 5℃ ,酶反应时间为 0～ 8min时可以得粉状颗粒产品 ;这种复合变性使玉米淀粉的透明度、抗凝沉性以及抗老化性质得到了极大改善。     

酶作用条件对抗性淀粉形成的影响

本文研究了耐高温α-淀粉酶和普鲁兰酶对小麦抗性淀粉形成的影响。研究结果表明：酶作用的适宜条件是α-淀粉酶2U/g干淀粉、酶解时间20min、酶解温度85℃,普鲁兰酶4U/g干淀粉、酶解温度55℃、酶解时间4.5h,测得淀粉分子平均聚合度为77,抗性淀粉得率为16.0%,其中耐高温α-淀粉酶加量对抗性淀粉的得率影响最大。     

变性对大米淀粉热膨化性质的影响

以醋酸酐、三聚磷酸钠和环氧氯丙烷为变性剂对大米淀粉进行醋酸酯、磷酸酯及交联变性,制得不同取代度的大米变性淀粉。将变性淀粉在已优化的条件下进行热膨化,以膨化率及脆度为指标研究变性对淀粉热膨化性质的影响。结果表明:与原淀粉相比3,种变性淀粉的热膨化性质均得到了改善,但交联变性的改善程度不如酯化变性的好。淀粉醋酸酯的取代度为0.083 1时,膨化率和脆度分别为9.3和0.164 kg.s;淀粉磷酸酯的取代度为0.007 7时,膨化率和脆度分别为9.6和0.166 kg.s;交联淀粉的沉降积为2.4 mL时,膨化率和脆度分别为8.8和0.168 kg.s,原淀粉的膨化率和脆度分别为7.6和0.300 kg.s。试验表明在原淀粉中添加适量的变性淀粉可以显著改善其热膨化性质。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press