基于聚乙烯醇复合膜的改性研究进展

聚乙烯醇（PVA）具有良好的亲水性、成膜性、化学稳定性和生物相容性,广泛应用于制作亲水性的膜材料,但是PVA膜吸水后性能不够稳定。因此,将聚乙烯醇与其他物质进行复合,制得性能更加优异、应用更加广泛的PVA复合膜。介绍了基于聚乙烯醇复合膜的几种改性原理及方法,阐述了各种改性方法对PVA复合膜性能的影响,总结了PVA复合膜改性研究进展。另外指出目前PVA复合膜改性存在的不足,并展望后续研究方向。     

改性聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维分离膜的研制

本实验采用干-湿相转化法制备聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）中空纤维血液分离膜,通过在铸膜液中引入聚乙烯醇(PVA)与戊二醛反应交联物,改善膜材料的亲水性。研究了PVDF浓度、PEG含量等对膜性能的影响。结果表明,改性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)血液分离膜的亲水性明显提高,接触角从70.2。降至54.5。,水通量从85.4L/(h.m2)-1提高到189.4L/(h.m2)-1,蛋白吸附性量则从92mg/m2降至27mg/m2,有较好的化学稳定性。随着PVDF浓度的增加,膜的拉伸性能增强,破裂压增大,水通量和膜分离孔径减小;随着PEG含量的提高,膜的机械性能变化不大,水通量明显提高。     

PEI改性纸基材料的制备及其对水体主要污染物的去除

以麦草高得率浆为原料,戊二醛和聚乙烯亚胺为改性试剂,通过造纸工艺制得低成本、高湿强、具有优异吸附性能和油水分离性能的多功能纸基材料。改性纸基材料表面引入了大量氨基,含量可达3.33 mmol/g;其内部纤维间形成了共价键交联网络结构,湿抗张指数达到干抗张指数的29%。吸附实验研究表明,该纸基材料对吸附质的吸附动力学和热力学分别较好地拟合了准二级方程和Langmuir模型,其对刚果红和Pb²⁺的实际吸附容量分别为89.26和190.1 mg/g;理论最大吸附容量分别为91.04和232.4 mg/g。聚乙烯亚胺改性纸基材料对大豆油和正己烷的水下油接触角分别为152.5°和151.7°,具有水下超疏油性;此外,其对水包油乳液（平均粒径50 μm）的分离效率达到99.4%,膜通量达到12560 L/（m²·h）。     

硼砂协同纳米SiO2、TiO2交联改性PVA基膜材料及其透湿和抑菌性分析

为提高聚乙烯醇（polyvinyl alcohol,PVA）基涂膜保鲜材料的阻湿性能,以水蒸气透过系数（water vapor permeability,WVP）为响应值,采用响应面法研究硼砂协同纳米SiO2、TiO2交联改性PVA基膜材料对WVP的影响。结果表明：硼砂协同纳米SiO2、纳米TiO2交联改性PVA能显著降低PVA基膜材料的WVP（P＜0.05）,硼砂与纳米SiO2及TiO2添加量对WVP有显著的交互作用（P＜0.05）;以膜材料WVP最低为响应值,优化成膜工艺条件为纳米SiO2添加量0.033 g/100 mL、纳米TiO2添加量0.042 g/100 mL、硼砂添加量0.032 g/100 mL,此条件下WVP为（9.729±0.074）mg/（m·d·kPa）,比PVA单膜降低了44.68%。优化的PVA基复合膜抑菌性提高,可以使大肠杆菌菌落总数降低1 个数量级。     

纳米Fe~(3+)-TiO_2改性聚乙烯醇基紫胶复合涂膜材料工艺优化

以新型纳米Fe3+-TiO2、紫胶、琥珀酸单甘油酯(succinylated monoglycerides,SMG)添加量为影响因素,对乳化紫胶聚乙烯醇(polyvinyl alcohol,PVA)溶液体系改性,以成膜透湿率为指标,通过响应面试验方法优化复合膜制备工艺,并对复合膜抑菌性能进行研究。结果表明:紫胶协同纳米Fe3+-TiO2交联改性PVA能显著降低PVA基膜材料的透湿率(P0.05);复合膜中紫胶添加量与纳米Fe3+-TiO2及SMG添加量对成膜透湿率有显著的交互作用(P0.05);以复合膜透湿率为指标的回归优化结果:纳米Fe3+-TiO2添加量9.18 mg/100 m L、紫胶添加量1.33 g/100 m L、SMG添加量0.92 g/100 m L,此时成膜透湿率为(392.43±8.37)g/(m2·24 h),比PVA单膜降低了60%以上;复合膜在可见光催化反应180 min后,与PVA单膜相比,沙门氏菌和李斯特菌的活菌数量分别降低1.8(lg(CFU/m L))和1.6(lg(CFU/m L)),说明纳米Fe3+-TiO2改性PVA基紫胶复合涂膜材料能赋予其可见光催化靶向抑菌性能。     

PVA负载中药纳米纤维的制备及空气过滤应用

口罩是重要的个人防护用品,现有口罩多采用无纺布材料,存在滤效低、功能单一等缺陷。纳米纤维具有比表面积大、纤维直径细、孔隙率高等优点。利用静电纺丝技术制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)中药缓释纳米纤维,并对其性能进行测试表征。结果显示:当中药质量分数为10%(PVA质量分数为8%)时,纤维形貌规整,分布均匀,平均直径为227 nm。此时PVA中药缓释纳米纤维膜的断裂强力为4.32 MPa、断裂伸长率为32.53%、面密度为1.286 g/m2。将此纳米纤维膜与15 g/m2的无纺布复合后的过滤效率和过滤阻力分别为94.68%和44.04 Pa。     

非水介质中羧基酯化聚乙烯醇的合成及其在表面施胶中的增强应用

以N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮（NMP）为溶剂,四丁基溴化铵为催化剂,通过马来酸酐（MAH）对低醇解度的聚乙烯醇（PVA0588）进行改性,得到羧基酯化聚乙烯醇（NWMPA）;通过FT-IR、1H-NMR等手段对NWMPA的结构进行表征;分析了PVA0588与MAH质量比对NWMPA羧基含量及其分散液稳定性等性能的影响;最后探讨了PVA1799与NWMPA复配的用量对纸张物理性能的影响。结果表明,当m(PVA0588)∶m(MAH)=2∶1时,NWMPA-3分散液相对稳定,平均粒径为368 nm、分散性指数为0.418、稳定指数为3.802,碘值和羧基含量分别达到28.55 g/（100 g）和49.65 mmol/L;与原纸相比,3.0 wt%NWMPA-3与4.0 wt%PVA1799复配施胶后纸张的施胶度、干抗张指数、湿抗张指数、耐折度分别提高了1246.5%、33.6%、50.6%、243.8%;与市售施胶剂相比,PVA1799/NWMPA-3复配施胶剂的储存期更长,对纸张油墨附着力等级可达到合格等级4B。     

天然植物单宁酸交联改性胶原膜

采用单宁酸对胶原膜进行改性,考察不同浓度的改性剂(0.4~1.8 g/L)对胶原膜性能的影响,通过测量其热变性温度、吸水率、酶解后的质量保持率及机械强度,来表征改性前后胶原膜性能的变化,结果表明:当单宁酸浓度为1.2 g/L时,改性后膜的性能最优。红外光谱分析表明,单宁酸分子的酚羟基与胶原分子发生了多点氢键结合,并且胶原的三股螺旋结构未被破坏;最佳浓度改性后胶原膜的热稳定性提高,耐酶解性能增强,机械强度增加,但吸水率却降低,说明单宁酸作为改性剂可以有效改善胶原膜的性能。     

改性SiOx/WPU涂膜对腐败希瓦氏菌生物被膜的抑制作用

为获得对水产品中腐败希瓦氏菌生物被膜具有优良抑制性能的水性聚氨酯(WPU)涂膜，以不同微观形貌的SiOx微纳米粒子为粗糙度构建因子，采用滴涂法制备SiOx/WPU涂膜，测定改性SiOx/WPU涂膜表面的疏水疏油性能、表面能、微观形貌和热稳定性能，揭示改性SiOx/WPU涂膜对腐败希瓦氏菌生物被膜的抑制机制。结果表明，以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性的SiOx颗粒为粗糙度构建因子制备的C-SiOx/WPU涂膜，尽管表面氟含量最高，但其水和正十六烷接触角分别为139.0°±3.5°和0°，仅表现为疏水超亲油性，热稳定性和抗细菌黏附性最差；改性气相纳米SiOx/WPU涂膜表现为超疏水超亲油性，热稳定性最好，且可以抑制腐败希瓦氏菌的初期黏附；以改进的St?觟ber法在同一溶剂体系中制备和改性SiOx微纳米粒子为粗糙度构建因子制备的改性微米级SiOx/WPU涂膜为超双疏表面，热稳定性较高，对腐败希瓦氏菌不可逆黏附的抑制最好，可有效降低生物被膜的代谢活性，减少胞外多糖(EPS)的分泌，培养24 h后其表面刚开始形成微菌落。本研究的超双疏性改性微米级SiOx/WPU涂膜可用于制备食品包装材料，为抗生物被膜材料在食品包装领域的应用提供技术支持。     

泡沫整理发泡原液的组成及性能研究

发泡原液的组成及其性能是泡沫整理技术的重要组成部分.对泡沫整理发泡原液的组成及性能进行了系统研究,分析了发泡剂和泡沫稳定剂及其质量浓度、阴离子,非离子型表面活性剂的复配、环境温度、无机盐等因素对体系起泡性能和泡沫稳定性的影响.结果表明:(1)当发泡剂NaLS质量浓度为3 g/L,稳泡剂PVA质量浓度为1.0 g/L(或HEC质量浓度为0.3 g/L)时,体系可获得最佳起泡性能和泡沫稳定性;(2)发泡剂NaLS和JU复配具有良好的协同作用.控制合适的复配比例[如m(NaLS):m(JU)=1:1时],可显著提高体系的起泡性能;(3)低温条件有利于泡沫稳定温度越高,泡沫稳定性越差.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press