标准让城市更智慧(英文)

正Cities today face major challenges.They are essential to growth and economic development,bringing together people and businesses with infrastructure and services.And yet they also use a disproportionate share of the world’s resources.They currently occupy 2%of global landmass,house 51%of the world’s population and consume 80%of the world’resources.By 2050 it is predicted     

形位误差非线性模型的统一判别准则与算法

本文基于不可微优化理论，建立了形位误差统一判别准则，该准则的必要条件同样也适用于计算机判别。而后，利用极大熵函数，构造了形位误差评定的有效统一算法。该算法简单，易于使用，评定精度高，计算速度快。     

我国稀土标准的现状及急需制定的标准

本文提出了狭义稀土标准和广义稀土标准的概念,分析了我国稀土标准现状,提出了急需制定的稀土标准.     

Criteria for the Evaluation of Photographic Lenses

Simplified test conditions for the evaluation of lenses based on MTF measurements are described, and criteria for interchangeable lenses for 35 mm cameras are proposed. Measurements are to be made for white light, at the infinite conjugate plane, on axis and at 0·7 field (15 mm off axis) positions, at full aperture and ?/5·6. The focus is to be adjusted at each aperture so as to give the best MTF response at 30 lines/mm on axis. The MTF responses at 15 and 30 lines/mm are to be examined for the evaluation of the lenses. Simple criteria based on the experimental data for about 100 different types of interchangeable lenses are proposed.     

安全保障型城市评价指标与标准

本文通过分析国内外安全保障评价的指标体系,提出了科学构建安全保障型城市评价的方法,并以此为基础,制定城市安全保障能力评价标准。     

电袋复合除尘器能效标准研究

本文介绍了我国电袋复合除尘器能效标准制定的必要性和可行性,分析了电袋复合除尘器能效标准制定的原则和主要内容框架。     

An Evaluation of Convergence Criteria for Digital Image Correlation Using Inverse Compositional Gauss–Newton Algorithm

A fast, robust and accurate digital image correlation (DIC) method, which uses a robust zero‐mean normalized sum of squared difference correlation criterion, a sophisticated reliability‐guided displacement tracking strategy and an efficient inverse compositional Gauss–Newton (IC‐GN) algorithm, was recently proposed for full‐field deformation measurement. As an iterative local optimization algorithm, IC‐GN algorithm iteratively solves for the incremental warp assumed on the reference subset until the preset convergence criteria are satisfied. In the literature, different convergence criteria have been set for iterative optimization algorithms. However, on the one hand, stringent convergence criteria lead to increased number of iterations and lessen the computational efficiency. On the other hand, too loose convergence conditions enhance the computational efficiency but may decrease the registration accuracy. Understanding the impact of prescribed convergence criteria on DIC measurement and how to choose proper convergence criteria are therefore fundamental problems in realizing high‐efficiency yet high‐accuracy DIC analysis. In this paper, the convergence characteristics of IC‐GN algorithm are investigated in terms of convergence speed and radius of convergence using real experimental images. The effect of various convergence criteria on the efficiency and accuracy of IC‐GN algorithm are carefully examined. Recommendations are given to select proper convergence criteria for more efficient implement of IC‐GN algorithm.     

多轴疲劳破坏准则现状及评估

简要回顾了材料多轴疲劳破坏准则,引用了5种材料在单轴、比例、纯扭和90°非比例加载情况的疲劳试验结果,对基于应力、应变和能量的有关多轴疲劳破坏准则进行了分析评估.分析结果表明:应力准则中Lee准则在各种材料、各种载荷情况下均可得到误差在5%以内的较好的预测结果,但是,Lee准则中含有物理意义不明确的材料常数,需要一定量的试验数据来拟合,从而限制了该准则的应用,比例加载下,Gough准则计算简单并可适用于大部分材料;应变准则中Kandil,Brown和Miller准则和Borodii和Strizhalo准则在各种材料及各种载荷情况下都能较好的预测疲劳寿命,但Borodii和Strizhalo准则需要大量的试验数据支持,从而限制了它的应用.     

The Algorithm for Processing Key Comparisons to Establish Equivalence between National Standards

To establish equivalence between national standards, it is proposed to consider a priori the key comparisons made as regards the selection of data belonging to a single population. It is also proposed to estimate reference values as arithmetic means or medians. All national standards are recognized as equivalent with these values for the uncertainties established from the comparisons.     

我国清真食品认证现状和急需制定的标准

清真食品是严格按照伊斯兰教的饮食禁忌所做的食品.全球清真食品每年以18％左右的速度在增长,清真食品认证逐渐成为清真食品国际贸易的重要组成部分.由于各个国家/地区在清真食品要求和标准方面的差异,同时为了保护自身利益,清真食品认证正在扮演着技术性贸易壁垒的角色.本文论述了我国清真食品认证的现状和建立清真食品认证体系和标准体系的必要性和迫切性.     

单源多路径配装-运输集成模型算法研究

货物配装和运输是物流配送系统的重要组成部分,是提高物流配送系统运作效率的关键。针对物流配送系统的复杂约束,建立了单源多路径配装-运输集成模型。为求解上述模型,采用基于客户点序号编码,最大保留交叉和自适应交叉变异等技术,设计了改进的遗传算法。实例计算表明,模型和算法可行有效,能较好地解算单源多路径配装-运输问题,为物流配送系统的优化提供了新的思路。     

一种静、动气动弹性的一体化计算方法

用欧拉方程计算非定常气动力，在时域内求解结构运动方程。根据计算得到的广义坐标时间响应的特性来判断机翼在给定来流条件下是否发生了颤振或静发散。如广义坐标的时间响应是收敛的．则扰动消失后的机翼平衡位置即为最终的机翼静变形，同时也得到了考虑弹性影响的机翼气动特性。从而得出飞机的静、动弹性一体化计算结果,与传统计算方法结果的比较说明了本文方法的有效性。     

初探电网低碳发展评价标准的形成之路

电力行业作为碳排放的大户,承担着巨大的减排压力和低碳化改革的压力,同时也是推动低碳经济发展的"主力军"。电网作为连接发电环节与输电环节的枢纽,在实现电力低碳化发展中同样具有极为重要的作用。因此,可提出"电网低碳化评价标准"的概念来描述电网低碳发展水平的统一化程度。本文正是基于这一观点,从发、输、用电侧对电力系统的低碳情况进行剖析,并最终提出有关电网低碳评价标准的原则、思路与框架。     

Standards System and Evaluation Indicators System for Environmental Protection Products

Environmental protection products and equipment are important substance basis and insurance which provide supporting for to the realization of the strategic objective of reduced energy use and emissions while improving the resource economy & environmental kindly society building,as well as the sustainable development economy and environment in a sustainable fashion.Here,the framework of the standards system and evaluation indicators system for environmental protection products are described based on the present deficiencies in independent innovation,lower levels of standardization,and poor operating effectiveness of such equipment in China with a goal of forcing the development of standardization,seriation and currency used in the environmental protection industry.The results presented here should serve as a reference for the promotion of quality and effectiveness in environmental protection products and equipments.     

Integrated Genetic Programming and Genetic Algorithm Approach to Predict Surface Roughness

In this article we propose a new integrated genetic programming and genetic algorithm approach to predict surface roughness in end-milling. Four independent variables, spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and vibrations, were measured. Those variables influence the dependent variable (i.e., surface roughness). On the basis of training data set, different models for surface roughness were developed by genetic programming. The floating-point constants of the best model were additionally optimized by a genetic algorithm. Accuracy of the model was proved on the testing data set. By using the proposed approach, more accurate prediction of surface roughness was reached than if only modeling by genetic programming had been carried out. It was also established that the surface roughness is most influenced by the feed rate, whereas the vibrations increase the prediction accuracy.     

物联网标准与知识产权结合发展新思路

物联网被称为继计算机、互联网之后信息产业革命的第三次浪潮。本文从企业面临的物联网标准与知识产权现状入手。解析了企业实施标准与知识产权战略的三部曲,提出了企业、政府、机构合力推进物联网标准与知识产权结合发展的策略。     

螺旋槽管性能评价准则

螺旋槽管对强化管的强化换热性能影响有换热和流动两个方面,为了综合评价螺旋槽管的性能,结合前人的研究成果推导出了螺旋槽管的性能评价准则,得出了螺旋槽管的性能系数(PEC),并应用评价准则对两组螺旋槽管进行了性能分析。