工程放大效应对沥青基球状活性炭性能的影响

考察了工程放大效应对沥青基球状活性炭的制备工艺及其性能的影响。发现：在2L的成球釜中115℃，0．2MPa条件下沥青颗粒能成沥青球，但在500L的成球釜中成球温度需提高至145℃、压力为0．6MPa方能成球；当含萘沥青颗粒投入成球釜中，即使温度高于110℃，沥青颗粒仍难以成球；在2％PVA溶液中添加体积分数20％～80％的已用过的PVA溶液，有利于含萘沥青颗粒的成球；以3℃／min的升温速率由300℃直接升至1000℃再恒温10～30min，沥青球的强度最高，可达95．4％；以煤沥青为原料一次能制备出3kg，BET比表面积为1437m^2／g，强度为95％，表面pH值为7．3的沥青基球状活性炭。     

高耐磨性高耐久性航空子午线轮胎

本文论述既可以保持低生热和高破坏强度,又可以提高耐磨性和耐久性的航空子午线轮胎。该轮胎的带柬层由芳族聚酰胺纤维股线与脂肪族聚酰胺纤维捻合而成。带束层覆胶胶料配方为：（1）天然橡胶和／或合成异戊二烯橡胶70—100份;（2）溶聚丁苯橡胶（分子内至少有1个锡原子,结合苯乙烯含量为3％-10％,聚丁二烯的1,2-乙烯基结合量为40％以下）30～0份;（3）氮吸附比表面积为65—92m^2／g,DBP吸油值为70～132×10—5m^3／kg的炭黑40～65份。覆胶的100％定伸应力为5．0～10．0MPa,伸长率为300％以上。     

不同硫化体系对动态硫化POE/PP性能的影响

采用动态硫化法制备POE／PP共混型热塑性弹性体，研究了交联剂过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）用量对POE／PP体系熔体流动速率和力学性能的影响．并用配方优化系统（RCAD）对DCP和助交联剂做了变量分析，考察DCP／S和DCP／TAIC不同配比对体系物理性能的影响。结果表明，DCP的加入使体系中PP降解，体系熔体流动速率单调上升、力学性能下降。DCP用量在一定范围内。助交联剂硫黄S对POE／PP体系才有较好的补强作用，固定DCP用量为2-4份，S用量范围为0．1～0-46份时，体系拉伸强度可达13．9MPa。当DCP用量超过2．0份，TAIC对强度的影响不大，DCP用量为1．72份，TAIC用量在2．44～3．0份时．体系的拉伸强度较好。     

蔗渣纤维丙烯酸高吸水树脂的制备

以蔗渣纤维为原料,丙烯酸为接枝单体,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,K2S2O8为引发剂,通过溶液聚合的方法合成了蔗渣纤维（sugarcanebagasse,SCB）与聚丙烯酸（polyacrylicacid,PAA）的接枝共聚高吸水树脂（scB—g—PAA）。研究了丙烯酸用量、引发剂用量、交联剂用量以及中和度对吸水树脂吸水倍率的影响,结果表明,该接枝共聚吸水树脂的最佳合成条件是以丙烯酸用量为标准,蔗渣纤维、K2S2O8、交联剂用量分别是10％、2％、0．1％,中和度为80％,共聚物吸水倍率最高为765．7g·g-1。     

微波交联CTS/GLT共混膜的制备及性能研究

以甲醛为交联剂在微波条件下交联壳聚糖和明胶，成功制备出微波交联CTS／GLT（壳聚糖／明胶）共混膜。研究了膜的力学性能、吸水性和透光率。研究结果表明，最佳制膜条件为微波功率500W，微波辐射时间1．0min，交联剂用量为壳聚糖的0．4％，壳聚糖／明胶质量比为80／20。膜的拉伸强度为56．39MPa，吸水率为1．33％，透光率为92．3％。     

下吸式气化炉中生物质气化发电的运行与测试

对25kW下吸式生物质气化发电机组进行了运行测试。结果表明：下吸式生物质气化发电机组运行稳定，操作方便；所产生的燃气中焦油较低，可达1．9g／Nm^3；燃气中的气体成分为：H2，13％～14％；CO，19％～24％；CH4，1％～3％；CO2，11％～16％；N2，49％～50％。气体的高位热值为4326kJ／Nm^3～6005kJ／Nm^3；产气比为1．65Nm^3／kg～2．28Nm^3／kg Fuel；气化过程中碳的转化率为32．34％～43．36％；气化效率为41．19／5～78．85％，系统总效率为11．5％～22．8％。     

种子乳液聚合法制备聚丙烯酸酯织物涂层剂

以丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸乙酯，甲基丙烯酸甲酯，丙烯腈与丙烯酸为单体，N－羟甲基丙烯酰胺为交联剂，采用种子乳液聚合法制备了自交联织物涂层剂，经实验确定最佳反应条件：m(丙烯酸丁酯）：m(丙烯酸乙酯）：m(甲基丙烯酸甲酯）:m（丙烯腈）＝7．0：1．2：0．8，丙烯酸，交联剂，乳化剂和引发剂的用量分别为单体总质量的2．5％，3．5％，4．0％和0．3％，种子和外壳的反应温度分别为80℃和85℃，反应时间为3小时和6小时，应用实验结果表明，聚丙烯酸酯乳液膜拉伸强度可达2．2MPa，涂层织物耐静水压可达5．1KPa。     

填充用开孔聚氨酯硬泡组合料的研制

研制的填充用聚氨酯硬泡组合料，具有料液稳定、流动性好，所制泡沫泡孔均匀、开孔率高、不易收缩等特点。该组合料制得的泡沫性能为：泡沫密度15kg／m^3，开孔率大于98％，流动性大于1．3cm／g，压缩强度大于0．1MPa。     

矿渣粉对混凝土力学性能及工作性能的影响

用高标号水泥和提高水泥用量配置高强混凝土，对混凝土性能(如工作性，水化热、收缩性等)存在不良影响．为此进行了工业废弃渣——长治钢铁集团高炉水淬渣，作为活性矿物掺合料代替混凝土中部分水泥的应用研究，重点试验了矿渣细度和掺量对混凝土性能的影响。结果表明：矿渣粉细度和掺量对混凝土的坍落度、28d和60d强度均有较大影响，且细度影响程度明显大于掺量的影响。当矿渣细度不变时，矿渣掺量由10％增加到70％，混凝土28d强度最大可提高12MPa，混凝土60d强度最大可提高16MPa，混凝土坍落度可提高2倍左右；而当矿渣掺量不变时，矿渣细度由361m^2/kg增加到657m^2／kg，混凝土强度最大可提高19MPa，混凝土坍落度最高只提高0.5倍左右。根据该结果，并考虑矿粉的粉磨成本等因素，生产上可控制矿粉掺量在40％以上．细度在450～552m^2／kg之间。     

蛋膜改性接枝丙烯酸高吸水树脂的制备及性能研究

以废弃蛋膜和丙烯酸为主要原料,以N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酸胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了改性蛋膜-聚丙烯酸高吸水性树脂。考察了聚合温度、引发剂和交联剂的用量以及改性蛋膜用量等各因素对树脂吸水倍率的影响。结果表明,聚合温度70℃,改性蛋膜用量为单体质量的10%,丙烯酸中和度为70%,引发剂用量为单体质量的0.1%,交联剂用量为单体质量的0.12%,树脂的吸水倍率可达667 g/g,在0.9%的NaCl溶液中吸盐水倍率达到106 g/g,其吸水速率较快。IR初步表明了蛋膜与丙烯酸的接枝聚合作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。