基于CORDIC算法的QAM调制器的FPGA实现

正交振幅调制技术(QAM)作为一种频带利用率较高、误码率相对较低的调制方式,被定义为很多数字通信系统的数字传输标准.QAM调制的载波信号一般采用查找表的方法,为了达到高精度的要求,需要耗费大量的ROM资源,文中提出了一种基于流水线CORDIC的算法实现QAM调制,可有效节省硬件资源,提高运算速度,同时可以实现多制式的QAM调制.最后给出了该设计方案的仿真结果,仿真结果表明,QAM调制器能产生四种调制方式的QAM信号,性能良好,迭到设计的要求.     

Full Digital Adaptive Equalization in 64-QAM Radio Systems

In view of a digital implementation of most of the signal processing required in a QAM demodulation-equalization Structure, a performance analysis as a function of equalizer complexity, A/D conversion resolution, and precision of internal arithmetic is presented. The analysis is focused on a 140 Mbit/s 64-QAM modulation scheme (corresponding to CEPT-4 or3 times DS3systems), but extension to other QAM constellations is straightforward. Considerations of currently available technology, overall computational complexity, and related optimal quantization formats are presented. For high-speed 64 QAM, it is shown that satisfactory performance may be expected from a full digital implementation of reasonable complexity, using current technology.     

高速基带匹配滤波器的FPGA实现及验证

根据SDH数字微波通信系统高阶QAM解调器的设计要求,针对数字化基带滤波的信号处理特点,提出一套高速匹配滤波器的FPGA实现方案。首先基于窗函数设计法,完成了滤波器的软件设计和仿真;然后基于QuartusⅡ6.0开发平台,采用并行流水结构和Verilog HDL语言参数化设计法实现滤波器FPGA设计;最后结合QuartusⅡ和Matlab,从时域和频域验证滤波器性能。实践表明此方法设计的滤波器效率高、方便调试,具有较好的重用性和可移植性。     

通用载波恢复算法研究及FPGA实现

阐述了通用载波恢复环实现16QAM信号的载波恢复算法及该算法在FPGA上的工程实现。详细介绍了通用载波恢复环的工作原理,并利用System Generator对其进行建模与仿真。仿真结果表明,该环路能够轻松地实现高速解调信号的基带处理,准确的对载波频率、载波相位进行同步,保证了良好的稳态跟踪性能,而且信道噪声对载波同步的影响较小。     

用于手机电视终端的QAM解调器设计

对QAM解调技术进行了介绍,设计了一种新的QAM解调器,支持16QAM解调和64QAM解调,可应用于手机电视终端,硬件实现简单,节省了系统总体成本.     

Triangular Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

The square quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) has been widely used for decades. Though it is not optimum in the sense of power efficiency, simple detection makes it in use for numerous digital communication systems deploying high-order modulation. In this paper, we propose new signal sets which make an effective use of limited power resource. We also suggest simple detection methods for the proposed signal sets to be meaningful from a point of view of implementation. The newly proposed constellations can provide advantages of 0.46 dB and 0.55 dB in signal-to-noise ratio over the square QAM in 16-ary and 64-ary signal sets while keeping low complexity for detection     

二维QAM旋转不变TCM设计方法的研究

本文在L.F.Wei(1984)的工作基础上,定义了格状码格状图的一般结构,讨论了二维QAM星座的旋转不变格状码的性质,给出了其全部不等价信号安排,从而可以方便地设计旋转不变格状码。     

基于互满正交设计的差分空时分组码

本文针对多天线系统提出了基于互满正交设计的差分空时分组码(Amicable- orthogonal-design-based Differential Space-Time Block Code,ADSTBC).与已有的差分空时调制方法相比,ADSTBC对信号星图无任何限制,因而可采用高效的调制技术(如QAM、APSK等)提高频谱效率.基于平坦Rayleigh衰落信道,给出了具有线性复杂度的最大似然差分译码器(Maximum-Likelihood Differential Decoder,MLDD).若在ADSTBC中采用QAM星图,MLDD可进一步简化成独立地检测每一数据符号的实部和虚部,降低了实现代价;并且,随着QAM星图阶数的增加,MLDD用于检测单个数据符号的计算量将保持不变.     

Linearisation of RF PA by even-order nonlinear baseband signal processed in digital domain

This paper represents, for the first time, the linearisation method of RF power amplifiers, which is based on using the second- and fourth-order nonlinear signals shaped by digital signal processing in a baseband domain. The linearisation signals are generated by the second- and fourth-order nonlinear modifications of the baseband signal in the proposed manners. The composite second- and fourth-order linearisation signals modulate carrier second harmonics, and the modulated signals are then driven to the gate and drain of the amplifier transistor. The linearisation effects of the proposed method are evaluated on a single stage power amplifier for the simulated QAM and OFDM digitally modulated signals at diverse input power levels up to the 1 dB compression point. Moreover, the FPGA implementation of a system for the generation and processing of the fundamental signal, and the second-order linearisation signals is presented in the paper, and the proposed technique is verified for the generated QAM signal. In addition, the linearisation of the two-way asymmetrical Doherty amplifier is performed in the experiment by using software defined radio platforms for synthesising the fundamental signal and the second-order linearisation signals.     

一种新的导频符号辅助下的信道衰落估计方法

本文提出一种新的导频符号辅助下的信道衰落估计方法。它同时利用导频符号和数据符号进行信道衰落估计和补偿,而不同于传统的信道衰落估计只利用导频符号的信息。此方法具有实现简单,延时小的优点。针对16PSK和16QAM调制方式作了仿真,结果显示导频符号辅助下的16QAM的性能优于16PSK,采用信道衰落估计与相干检测结合的16PSK性能又好于采用差分检测的16PSK的性能。     

BPSK‒QPSK和QPSK‒16QAM的光调制格式转换

信号在调制方式不同的系统之间传输时,需要对信号调制格式进行转换,而调制格式转换通常在电信号上进行,要将光信号恢复成电信号。在电信号上进行调制格式转换后,再经电光调制器变换成光信号发射。频繁的光电或电光转换通常会增加系统成本,针对该问题,提出了利用相干叠加在光域上实现二进制相移键控(BPSK)到正交相移键控(QPSK)以及QPSK到正交幅度调制(16QAM)的调制格式转换的方法。实验通过Optisystem软件对转换模型进行仿真,采用10 Gpbs伪随机信号作为测试信源,通过星座图观测出信号成功转换为QPSK和16QAM;并在不同光信噪比、光源线宽和信号功率下对转换模型与直接QPSK、16QAM传输模型进行误码分析对比,在相同条件下转换模型和直接传输的误码率高度保持一致,表明这种调制格式转换方法具有较高的稳定性和准确性,能够适用于不同系统间的信号传输。     

影响迭代译码器的QAM软值计算的实现

介绍了迭代译码器实现需要考虑的几个问题,以及在实际应用中迭代译码器需要的先决条件--软值计算的几种方法,给出相应算法的实现,并在最后对这几种实现方法进行了性能和资源上的比较.     

Interference cancellation enhancement through generalized widely linear equalization in QAM systems

In this paper, we introduce a generalized widely linear (WL) equalizer for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) systems with single/multiple antennas. In our proposed implementation, the WL receiver first separates the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) parts of the complex-valued baseband received signal and jointly filters the two branches for signal detection. Infinite length WL minimum mean-square error (WL-MMSE) linear, and WL decision-feedback-equalizer (WL-DFE) settings are derived and performance is analyzed in co-channel interference limited channels. It is shown that, in frequency selective Rayleigh fading channels, the interference cancellation (IC) gain depends mainly on the rank (r) of the interference correlation matrix (ICM) which is defined as the covariance of the vector-valued signal which consists of the real and imaginary parts of the noise-plus-interference signal collected at multiple antenna branches. Assuming that the DFE feedback path is error free, we show that a WL QAM receiver with N antennas exhibits full IC capability (that is complete interference removal) when the ICM is rank deficient i.e., when: r ≪ 2N. This condition implies that a WL-DFE receiver can reject any combination of M1 pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) and M2 QAM interferers satisfying the constraint: M1 + 2M2 ≪ 2N. Simulation results show that, in the presence of PAM-type interference, the gain of WL-DFE is reduced by decision feedback errors while the IC benefit of WL-MMSE is limited by the noise enhancement problem. Nevertheless, the proposed receivers are shown to be useful in cellular systems that employ a combination of PAM and QAM schemes.     

正交幅度调制解调器的FPGA设计与仿真

正交幅度调制技术（QAM）是一种功率和带宽相对高效的信道调制技术,因此在信道调制技术中得到了广泛的应用。它的载波信号的FPGA实现一般采用查找表的方法,为了达到高精度要求,需要耗费大量的ROM资源。提出了一种基于流水线CORDIC算法的实现方案,可有效地节省FPGA的硬件资源,提高运算速度,并根据DSP开发工具DSP Builder的优点,采用VHDL文本与Simulink模型图相结合的方法进行了设计。仿真结果验证了设计的正确性及可行性。     

Automatic modulation recognition algorithm for MQAM signal

An automatic modulation recognition algorithm for MQAM signal was proposed.Firstly,the feature parameter F based on the fourth order cumulants was constructed to classify the square QAM and the cross QAM.Secondly,the compactness of zero center normalized instantaneous amplitude was calculated to identify the 16QAM from the square QAM.Thirdly,the baud rate was estimated by frequency spectrum of amplitude square,and timing was synchronized to delete the ISI and resume the relatively ideal constellations.And aiming at the 32QAM and the 128QAM,two different clustering radii were set,and clustering point density was got respectively by the subtractive clustering algorithm,and then the 32QAM and the 128QAM was classified depending on the difference of density value.In the same way,the 64QAM and the 256QAM were classified.The proposed algorithm can recognize five kinds of QAM signals,including 16QAM signals,32QAM signals,64QAM signals,128QAM signal and 256QAM signal without prior knowledge of frequency and baud rate.Furthermore,the proposed algorithm does not need complex iterative process,which can be applied in practical signal recognition.     

A Unified Approach to Pulse Design in Data Transmission

The problem of designing optimum pulseshapes for data transmission over randomly selected channels is examined using a meansquared error criterion. Earlier work has focused principally on SSB or VSB systems in the presence of timing and carrier phase jitter, but we extend the results here to any two-dimensional signaling scheme (including as special cases SSB, VSB, combined AM-PM, QAM, and staggered QAM) and to any type of channel dispersion. By imposing certain mild constraints on the transmitter and receiver filters, it is seen that one can solve for optimum pulses more easily than with earlier approaches, and yet the resulting system is still essentially optimum. These constraints leave design freedom only in the rolloff bands of the pulse spectra, and a major thurst of the work is to design for optimal utilization of whatever excess bandwidth is available. The approach used involves immunity to channel distortions: only the type of channel distortion to be encountered is known, and series expansions of mean-squared error are used to find sensitivity coefficients. These coefficients are then minimized by proper signal design. Closed form expressions are found for the optimum pulses, and these results are compared with previous work. A second approach, which uses as its criterion the mean-squared error averaged over all possible channel characteristics, is also discussed.     

Multidimensional Signal Constellations for Voiceband Data Transmission

A significant improvement in noise immunity can be achieved for digital transmission over band-limited channels by the use of multidimensional signal constellations. Conventional 16-point QAM signaling, such as that used in many digital transmission systems, is a two-dimensional modulation scheme where in each signaling interval a group ofNbits is used to determine the amplitudes of the in-phase and quadrature dimension or coordinate, i.e.,N/2bits are conveyed per dimension. In a2M-dimensional QAM system, a group ofMNbits is used to determine the in-phase and quadrature ampllitudes forMconsecutive, symbol intervals whereN/2bits are still conveyed by each dimension. It is the purpose of this paper to describe the basic theory and implementation for a particular 2 bits/dimension four-dimensional (two-symbol interval) encoding which readily lends itself to simple encoding and decoding. For this encoding, theory predicts a 1.2 dB gain in noise margin over conventional 16-point (two-dimensional) QAM signaling. Experimental results agreed with the theoretical predictions, and have demonstrated an order of magnitude reduction in block error rate. Extension to eight-dimensional signaling offers a theoretical gain of 2.4 dB over conventional 16-point QAM.     

GCMAC-based predistortion for digital modulations

The subject of this paper is the compensation for nonlinearities in digital communication systems by means of predistortion. In this work, we apply the generalized cerebellar model articulation controller (GCMAC) to simplify and accelerate the predistorter convergence. The range of analyzed predistorters includes: 1) a symbol-rate data predistorter that, for a given time span, achieves a similar level of compensation provided by present techniques, but with faster convergence; 2) a fractionally spaced data predistorter that controls, at the same time, the signal constellation and the transmitted spectrum; 3) a decision-feedback scheme that compensates for remote nonlinearities; and 4) a digital signal data predistorter. The performance of the proposed data and signal predistorters is evaluated using typical linear and nonlinear modulated transmitted signals such as QAM and GMSK     

A data predistortion technique with memory for QAM radio systems

The authors present an efficient data predistortion technique with memory for compensation of high-power amplifier (HPA) nonlinearities in digital microwave radio systems employing quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal formats. A practical implementation method is described which trades off performance against complexity and which makes it possible to implement this kind of predistorter in 256-QAM, and higher-level QAM systems. Using the 16-, 64-, and 256-QAM signal constellations, it is shown that the proposed technique achieves a considerably higher performance than that of conventional memoryless data predistortion of the predistortion technique with memory based on finite-order inverses of nonlinear systems. Specifically, numerical results show that the proposed technique achieves a gain that is in excess of 2 dB over conventional memoryless data predistortion     

Hardware implementation of a differential QAM modem

A QAM modem based on certain modifications of the CCITT Recommendation V.29, is presented. A predominantly digital implementation without the use of DSP devices is given. Although the implementation is for telephone bandwidth the idea can be expanded to achieve higher rates. In this design approach the modulation is based on ROM-stored symbols while the demodulation is based on a symbol-by-symbol determination for the recovery of the original information bits. Specifically, the paper refers to a D16QAM design. Most of the stages are digital, a feature that simplifies the VLSI implementation. The synchronisation (timing recovery) is based on a modified phase locked loop