从煤矸石中制备聚合氯化铝及应用研究

以煤矸石为原料制备了高效絮凝剂-聚合氯化铝(PAC),确定了制备PAC的最佳反应条件,并对其进行了处理废水实验。结果表明,由煤矸石为原料制得的产品聚合氯化铝比市售PAC处理废水效果更佳。     

纳米PAC的制备及脱色性能的研究

采用层析法制备纳米PAC,实验考察纳米PAC处理染料废水的脱色效果.结果表明：制得的纳米PAC脱色性能显著增强.在低投加量下,纳米PAC对染料废水的脱色能力好于PAC和AlCl3.其投加量和pH值对脱色效果有较大影响.     

PAC/PAM絮凝处理印染废水的工艺研究

文章以模拟染料废水为研究对象,用絮凝法处理高色度的四种红色染料废水。分别考察PAC和PAC/PAM及投加量对原废水去除率效果的影响。实验结果表明,絮凝处理的最佳复配比为PAC/PAM(mg/L)=40/3,在此配比下的絮凝剂处理实际工厂废水,其CODCr去除率和色度去除率分别高达61.6%和75%。     

高浓度冷轧硅钢片乳化液废水絮凝实验研究

某硅钢厂排放高浊度高浓度乳化液废水(COD 37 g/L、p H=6.5~8.5),调试现场拟采用单独投加聚合氯化铝(PAC)与混合投加(PAC+聚丙烯酰胺(PAM))两种絮凝方法对乳化液废水进行处理。通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了最佳絮凝条件为PAC投加量3500 mg/L、PAM投加量15 mg/L、p H值7.5左右,此时乳化液废水COD降至654 mg/L,COD去除率高达98.3%;该乳化液废水的破乳条件为PAC投加量≥2250mg/L、p H≥7.0;对比单独投加PAC与混合投加(PAC+PAM)的处理效果,结果表明,尽管COD去除率变化不大,但由于PAM助凝效果明显,故建议在实际工程中采用混合投加(PAC+PAM)。     

PAC、PFS对洗毛废水絮凝效果及作用机理的比较

作者采用PAC(聚合氯化铝)／PAM(阴离子聚丙烯酰胺)和PFS(聚合硫酸铁)／PAM两种复合絮凝剂分别进行了洗毛废水的絮凝实验研究,同时跟踪了过程中的粒径变化。实验表明：(1)PAC不仅能去除废水中的乳化胶体．还能结合游离的LAS,PFS只能去除乳化胶体;(2)PAC与废水胶体生成一次性絮体的粒径约30μm,过量的PFS却能导致絮体的解体;(3)对于LAS类洗涤废水,PAC／PAM复配絮凝效果较好,LAS去除率高达97％,COD去除率可达90％以上。     

木质素基脱色絮凝剂深度处理制浆造纸废水

选用聚合氯化铝(PAC)和木质素改性脱色絮凝剂(LDH)对制浆造纸废水进行了深度脱色处理研究。实验结果表明,单独使用LDH或PAC处理该废水时,废水色度和CODC r的脱除效果不理想。当PAC和LDH的投加质量浓度分别为400 mg/L和5 mg/L时,处理后废水色度和CODC r分别为33.3倍和84.88 mg/L,满足国家造纸工业水污染物排放标准。LDH具有良好的絮凝脱色和脱CODC r的能力,而且生产成本较低。采用PAC和LDH复配使用能降低投药量、提高处理效果,应用于制浆造纸工业废水深度处理的前景良好。     

混凝法处理洗浴废水的实验研究

摘要：经过实验比较，选用聚合氯化铝(PAC)处理洗浴废水。探讨了聚合氯化铝(PAC)的不同投加量、混凝搅拌强度和搅拌时间、废水pH值、水温以及沉淀时间对处理洗浴废水中有机物(CODcr)去除率的影响。实验结果表明在最佳的混凝操作条件下，聚合氯化铝(PAC)吨水投加量仅为50g／m^3，CODcr去除率在80％以上，且去除率随洗浴废水CODcr值升高而升高，混凝后出水再经简单处理，水质可达废水田用的指标(CJ／T48-1999)要求。     

SE-I型混凝剂在水处理中的应用

利用透射电镜和微孔滤膜超滤法研究了SE -I和PAC混凝剂的结构形貌和相对分子质量分布情况 ;比较了SE -I和PAC混凝处理油田含油废水、煤矿矿井废水和水库水的效果。实验结果表明 ,SE -I较PAC具有更大的枝化度和相对分子质量 ,体现在水处理效果上是SE -I较PAC有更好的除油、除浊、去除COD和脱色效果。SE -I型混凝剂是一种高效水处理剂     

聚丙烯酰胺废水的混凝—吸附优化研究

利用凹凸棒土作为混凝的晶核,采用聚合氯化铝(PAC)作为絮凝剂,研究了处理聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)废水的混凝优化条件.实验表明:只用凹凸棒土作为晶核,可使COD下降30.45%左右;只用PAC作为混凝剂,可使COD下降达43.22%;每200 mL废水中加入75 mg PAC,PAC/凹凸棒土按质量比4:1投加时,COD去...     

淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物与聚合氯化铝复配处理高岭土废水

采用淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺共聚物(St-g-PAM)与聚合氯化铝(PAC)复配处理模拟高岭土废水,考察了PAC用量、St-g-PAM用量、pH值与混凝温度对废水浊度去除率与絮体平均粒径的影响。通过正交实验获得了最佳工艺条件:PAC用量为25 mg/L、St-g-PAM用量为8 mg/L、pH值为6.5、混凝温度为25℃,在此条件下,高岭土废水的浊度去除率为98.89%,絮体平均粒径为1.211 mm。     

低粘度酚醛改性胺环氧固化剂的性能研究

采用非等温DSC法对自制的低粘度酚醛改性胺固化剂与环氧树脂的固化反应工艺参数进行了推导,并通过测试体系的固化度加以验证。固化物采用红外光谱进行了表征,同时测定了浇注体的力学性能、热性能(TG),并通过扫描电镜(SEM)对拉伸断裂面的表面形貌进行了观察。结果表明:环氧树脂E-51与自制固化剂的质量比为100∶35,固化工艺条件为常温/24 h+80℃/2 h时,体系力学性能最佳,拉伸强度55.2 MPa、弯曲强度92.8 MPa、压缩强度83.0 MPa,断裂伸长率2.2%,Tg达到280.3℃。该固化剂粘度低、耐热性好、具有很好的柔韧性,可用于建筑结构胶。     

Skeletonized hybrid liposomes

Summary Giant hybrid liposomes of polymerizable lipid and cholesterol were prepared by the hydration method and were polymerized by UV irradiation. The obtained giant liposomes were freeze-dried and washed with chloroform to skeletonize the frame structure of the polymerized membrane. The skeletonized liposomes were directly confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The single-layered and fully spherical liposome frame were easily confirmed by the stereo-pair of the obtained micrographs.     

磁性活性炭的制备与表征

探讨了负压浸渍法制备磁性活性炭的浸渍条件,浸渍溶液为油酸修饰的Fe3O4磁性凝胶均匀分散在正己烷溶剂中形成的磁性溶液. 通过对油酸修饰的磁性凝胶进行差热、热重和微热容分析确立了浸渍产物的热处理条件,考察了磁性溶液浓度、浸渍时间、浸渍温度对浸渍产物的影响,并采用X射线衍射对磁性活性炭的组份和结构进行了表征,采用磁强计测定了磁性活性炭的磁性能,用比表面、孔容测试技术比较了活性炭和磁性活性炭的比表面、孔体积和孔分布.     

纳米MoS2的制备及其与聚吡咯物复合膜光学性能的研究

以有机热溶剂法制备MoS2,并以XRD对其结构进行表征.TEM形貌观察表明晶粒具有纳米尺寸。以电化方法在ITO导电玻璃基体上制备聚合物聚吡咯薄膜。在导电聚合物膜上涂布纳米MoS2晶体,荧光分析发现其荧光光谱相对于聚合物膜有一定程度的红移。Z-Scan测试其折射率的结果表明其具有非线性光学特性。     

有机溶剂热生长技术制备硫族化合物及其光学特性的研究

以有机溶剂热生长技术(solvothermaltechnique)制备了半导体硫族化合物(CdS、ZnS、MoS2)等纳米颗粒,采用XRD、TEM等技术对其结构进行表征.以ITO导电玻璃以及导电聚合物(PANI、PPY)膜为基底,将纳米颗粒涂布其上并以PL法研究其光学特性,实验结果表明:经修饰后,材料的荧光发射位置发生显著的变化.     

超细CaCO3／PP复合纤维的制备和亲水行为研究

通过共混包粘一熔融纺丝法制备超细CaCO3／PP复合纤维,对复合纤维的亲水性能和力学性能进行了研究,通过接触角测量法研究超细CaCO3／PP复合纤维表面能参数的变化,并用FTIR和SEM对纤维结构和表面形态进行分析,结果表明,超细碳酸钙填充改性可使PP纤维接触角降低76．6％,表面能、粘附功、极化度和积极性分量显著提高。FTIR和SEM测试表明,复合纤维表面极性基团的形成和表面形态粗糙化对PP复合纤维亲水性能的改善有重要作用,且在超细CaCO3含量为6％（w）时,纤维性能最佳,断裂强度提高24．07％,模量提高38．40％,接触角下降57％。     

Polydimethylsiloxane-Epoxy Copolymer for Industrial Applications

The copolymers of functionalized polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and epoxy resin were prepared by varying the concentration of PDMS with an objective to produce products with high-performance properties. These copolymers were cured using polyamide as a curing agent and characterized by FT-IR. The thermal properties and completion of curing were checked by DSC. The copolymers were evaluated for electrical and mechanical properties. The dielectric strength of the material increases with decrease in dissipation loss and dielectric constant. The mechanical properties were improved by 30–40 percent. The main objective was to reduce the brittleness and improve impact strength of epoxy systems.     

Simultaneous brightness contrast with three different stimuli: 2D, 3D,and D-up

In this study, simultaneous brightness contrast was investigated using three different devices: 2D (paper), 3D (space), and D-up. The paper stimuli were made by printing papers, the space stimuli were produced by illumination in a two-rooms experimental booth, and the D-up stimuli were shown to subjects using a D-up viewer. The brightness of test patches was judged by the amounts of whiteness and blackness. The results were different among the devices; however, if the whiteness of the test patches was plotted for the luminance contrast of the test patch versus the surround, all the data points were expressed by nonlinear equations. Data from the space stimuli were expressed by only one equation; those from the paper stimuli were also expressed by the nonlinear equation but with different coefficients for each test patch. The results from D-up were between those of the space and paper experiments. All the results were explained in relation to the hypothesized illuminated space over the surrounds. The difference among devices was explained by the whiteness of the surround being transferred to the illumination.     

γ-射线辐照对聚丙烯腈纤维结构和强度的影响

采用γ-射线辐照方法对在氮气介质中的聚丙烯腈纤维进行处理,探索辐照剂量对纤维单丝拉伸强度和复合材料界面性能的影响。研究结果表明：在辐照剂量10-1000kGy范围内,随着辐照剂量的增加纤维单丝拉伸强度逐渐降低,同时辐照使得复合材料的层间剪切强度降低。进而采用原子力显微镜（AFM）对纤维表面形貌进行观察,用红外光谱（FT-IR）表征纤维表面化学结构,用X射线衍射（XRD）分析结晶状态,用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）测定纤维的耐热性能。     

Eddy characteristics on mass transfer close to free interface

The velocity fluctuations in the immediate vicinity of a free interface were measured with a hot film anemometer. And mass transfer rates and eddy exposure times were analyzed by using the method of deterministic approach. These mass transfer rates were compared with the mass transfer rates by means of concentration measurements in the air-water system. The eddy exposure time distributions obtained from velocity data were skewed toward the lower time value. The contribution of eddies wi:h small exposure time was increased as the liquid became more turbulent. The mass transfer rates were mainly contributed by the Prandtl size eddies and even larger eddies. The mass transfer predictions by the single eddy model employing a deterministic method were in good agreement with the experimental results by independent measurements of concentration.