气体通过堆叠筛板填料的压降特性研究

单一气相通过堆叠筛板填料的压降是研究气液两相并流通过筛板填料压降的基础。文章对气体通过不同规格堆叠筛板填料的压降进行了系统的测试,并利用Realizable k-ε模型进行了数值模拟,揭示了气相流量、筛板开孔率、相对板厚、填料板间距等因素对气体压降的影响。结果表明:气相流量与筛板开孔率是压降的2个主要影响因素,压降随气量的增大而增大,随开孔率的增大而减小;受锐缘效应影响,随着相对板厚的增加,阻力系数逐渐减小;流体通过筛板后会冲击下层筛板,使得压降阻力系数随填料板间距的减小而增大。在此基础上,综合实验与模拟结果获得了气体通过堆叠筛板填料的阻力系数预测公式。     

气液两相并流下行通过堆叠筛板填料的压降特性

堆叠筛板填料已在核电站放射性气体除气塔中得到成功应用。针对这一新型填料的应用设计,在较广泛的气液流量下,对气液并流下行通过不同规格堆叠筛板填料的阻力特性进行了系统的实验。实验填料共6种规格,孔径参数包括6、10和14 mm,不同孔径填料对应不同的孔间距、板间距,每种孔径填料具有正方形和正三角形两种筛孔分布方式。通过压降数据分析,研究了流动参数和几何参数（孔径、开孔率、布孔方式、板间距）对气液两相并流通过填料的流动行为及压降特性的影响;结合多孔板阻力系数经验公式提出了堆叠筛板填料干板阻力系数的计算模型,模型很好地反映了不同几何参数对干板阻力系数的影响,预测偏差在5%范围以内;基于均相流模型提出了堆叠筛板填料气液两相压降的预测模型,模型预测偏差在10%范围以内。研究工作对堆叠筛板填料塔的应用设计及进一步的传质动力学研究有一定参考价值。     

气液两相并流下行通过堆叠筛板填料的压降特性

堆叠筛板填料已在核电站放射性气体除气塔中得到成功应用。针对这一新型填料的应用设计,在较广泛的气液流量下,对气液并流下行通过不同规格堆叠筛板填料的阻力特性进行了系统的实验。实验填料共6种规格,孔径参数包括6、10和14 mm,不同孔径填料对应不同的孔间距、板间距,每种孔径填料具有正方形和正三角形两种筛孔分布方式。通过压降数据分析,研究了流动参数和几何参数(孔径、开孔率、布孔方式、板间距)对气液两相并流通过填料的流动行为及压降特性的影响;结合多孔板阻力系数经验公式提出了堆叠筛板填料干板阻力系数的计算模型,模型很好地反映了不同几何参数对干板阻力系数的影响,预测偏差在5%范围以内;基于均相流模型提出了堆叠筛板填料气液两相压降的预测模型,模型预测偏差在10%范围以内。研究工作对堆叠筛板填料塔的应用设计及进一步的传质动力学研究有一定参考价值。     

气液两相并流向下通过筛板孔口单元的压降特性

针对堆叠筛板填料的基本单元,采用12种不同规格的孔板,研究了气液两相并流向下通过孔口的压降特性,阐明了气液流量、孔板结构对压降的影响规律。结果表明：压降随气液流量的增加而增大;随孔径的增大而减小;在筛板常用厚度范围内,孔口锐缘效应使得压降随板厚减小而增大。根据孔口压降行为不同,以气相雷诺数Re_G=5000分界,建立了单一气相向下通过孔口的压降预测关联式;然后利用气相折算因子对关联式进行修正,得到了Re_G>5000时气液并流向下通过孔口的压降预测关联式;当Re_G<5000时,通过直接对单一气相阻力系数进行修正,得到了相应气相雷诺数范围内的气液两相压降预测关联式。     

TEP系统脱气塔的操作特性与压降实验

针对压水堆核电站TEP系统中的脱气塔,分析其操作特性,建立筛板填料气液并流的实验装置来研究其两相流压降特性,并提出压降预测关联式。结果表明,脱气塔使用的堆叠筛板填料和总体逆流分段并流气液接触方式使得脱气塔结构简单,流体力学性能优良,处理量大;气体单相流和气液两相流的压降与筛板数、气液两相流量和两相之间相互作用有关;压降预测关联式计算值与实测值的误差在10%以内。     

气液并流筛板流态的模拟

文章利用CFX软件对开孔率为17%、150×120 mm的矩形气液并流筛板的气液两相流态进行模拟,分析了气液两相并流筛板的传质传热机理及筛板压降产生的主要原因。通过模拟研究了气液两相并流时气相和液相流量变化分别对塔板压降产生的影响。     

大孔筛板塔的研究(初步报导)

筛板塔是工业上应用较早的一种气液传质设备,它与泡罩塔差不多是同时出现的。与泡罩塔比较,筛板塔的生产强度大(空塔气速上限高,板间距小,板效率高),阻力小,结构简单,造价低。 在筛板塔中,依靠气体通过筛孔时所具有的动能托住塔板上的液层,使液体不从筛孔漏下而水平地流过整个塔板,从而保证气液的良好接触。当气体通过筛孔的速度不够大时,大量液体从筛孔漏下,造成气液接触不良,使传质效果恶化。所以,筛板塔的操作范围较窄,     

穿流板结构参数对复合塔板的性能影响

对不同开孔率、不同孔径的穿流筛板与250Y规整填料组成的各种复合塔板的性能进行研究。结果表明:开孔率越大,复合塔板的处理量越大;压降越小,操作弹性越小;存在流体力学性能较佳的孔径8mm,孔径小于等于8mm时,孔径越小,压降越大,操作弹性越小;孔径大于8mm时,孔径越大,压降越大,操作弹性越小。孔径对效率影响不大。     

网状孔板纵向流换热器壳程流体流动及换热特性的数值模拟

应用CFD软件对网状孔板换热器壳程流体流动及换热特性进行了数值模拟研究,揭示了网状孔板强化传热的机理,分析了孔板间距及开孔率对其换热、压降性能的影响,推导出网状孔板纵向流换热器壳程换热与流动的准数关系式. 结果表明,流体流过网状孔板产生射流及二次流现象,强化了壳程流体的传热;在Re=2300~6300范围内,网状孔板换热器比弓形折流板换热器的Nu数增大约50%,但压降比弓形折流板换热器高约2.5倍;在研究范围内,孔板间距减小、开孔率减小均能使壳程流体的Nu数及压降增大,且Re数越大,开孔率、折流板间距对Nu数及压降的影响越大;但随开孔率、折流板间距减小,流体压降增加的速度明显比Nu数快.     

泡罩立体筛板的流体力学性能

将鼓泡传质和喷射传质有机结合,自主研发出泡罩立体筛板。以空气和水为介质,对新型泡罩立体筛板(NBTS)的流体力学性能进行研究,考察板孔动能因子、液相流量和堰高对其板压降、漏液和雾沫夹带的影响,并与泡罩立体筛板(BTS-1)进行对比。由结果可知:新型泡罩立体筛板的总板压降和雾沫夹带随板孔动能因子、堰高和液体流量的增大而增大;漏液点气速随堰高和液体流量的增大而增大,N-BTS的性能优于BTS-1,满足设计要求。     

Mass transfer and hydraulics of packed sieve trays

The hydraulics and mass transfer performance of wire-mesh-packed sieve trays have been studied for their use in the distillation of acetic-acid-water mixtures, a surface-tension negative system, in a 150 mm diameter column. It was found that packing led to a larger capacity, higher mass transfer efficiency, lower entrainment and slightly greater pressure drop. These results are similar to those obtained for the distillation of methanol-water mixtures, a surface-tension positive system. Surface tension effects on efficiency and transition point are also discussed. Hydraulic tests in a 600 mm diameter air-water column showed a similar effect of packing on tray pressure drop, capacity and entrainment for sieve trays with hole diameters in the range from 7 to 12.5 mm.     

气体穿过筛板上固液两相流层时的阻力特性

对气体穿过筛板上固液两相流层的流动特性进行了研究,关联出了气体穿过筛板上固液两相流层时泡沫工况下的筛板压降公式,为工程应用提供实验基础。     

Hydraulics and efficiency of screen trays for distillation

Screen trays are proprietary devices similar to sieve trays which are used in distillation and absorption applications. The pressure drop, liquid holdup and entrainment are measured for screen trays in an air/water column and compared to results obtained with sieve trays. The effciencies of both types of trays were compared in a distillation column using systems of various physical properties (methanol/water, acetic acid/water and cyclohexane/n-heptane mixtures). It was found that the screen tray has a lower dry pressure drop, higher liquid holdup, lower entrainment and weeping, and higher jet flooding capacity than the sieve tray. However, the effciencies of both trays are similar for the systems studied. A model was developed for predicting total pressure drop for screen trays using an air/water column. The model was tested using results for methanol/water, cyclohexane/n-heptane and acetic acid/water systems at total reflux. The deviations are within +/- 20% for 90% of the data points. The effect of a bed of mesh packing on the screen tray was also studied. It was found that the packing led to a higher tray effciency, but resulted in a higher tray pressure drop.     

HYDRAULICS AND EFFICIENCY OF SCREEN TRAYS FOR DISTILLATION

Screen trays are proprietary devices similar to sieve trays which are used in distillation and absorption applications. The pressure drop, liquid holdup and entrainment are measured for screen trays in an air/water column and compared to results obtained with sieve trays. The effciencies of both types of trays were compared in a distillation column using systems of various physical properties (methanol/water, acetic acid/water and cyclohexane/n-heptane mixtures). It was found that the screen tray has a lower dry pressure drop, higher liquid holdup, lower entrainment and weeping, and higher jet flooding capacity than the sieve tray. However, the effciencies of both trays are similar for the systems studied. A model was developed for predicting total pressure drop for screen trays using an air/water column. The model was tested using results for methanol/water, cyclohexane/n-heptane and acetic acid/water systems at total reflux. The deviations are within +/- 20% for 90% of the data points. The effect of a bed of mesh packing on the screen tray was also studied. It was found that the packing led to a higher tray effciency, but resulted in a higher tray pressure drop.     

立体并流板的流体力学和传质性能

新型立体连续传质液体并流塔板是将LLC-Tray与两种并流流型相结合开发而成的新型塔板。通过实验测定了新型塔板的干、湿板压降,雾沫夹带,漏液等流体力学性能和传质性能,并进行关联得到了相应公式。结果表明,新型塔板板压降较低,雾沫夹带较低,液体处理量相对LLCT提高30%。     

Performance and applications of flow-guided sieve trays for distillation of highly viscous mixtures

With a particular focus on the distillation of highly viscous or self-polymerized mixtures, this study reports the hydrodynamic and mass transfer performance of two flow-guided sieve trays, including their pressure drop, entrainment, weeping and tray efficiency, obtained experimentally with an air-water/oxygen system in a Φ600 mm plexiglass column. The results show that the 8 mm hole flow-guided sieve tray tested shows better characteristics than the 7 mm flow-guided hole tray in terms of pressure drop and mass transfer. Then we present practical industrial examples of applications of the flow guided trays for distillation of viscous mixtures, i.e., the separation of vinyl acetate (VAC) from a polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) polymer solution with dynamic viscosity μ=50,000 mPas, the separation of highly unsaturated C5 mixtures by extractive distillation, and the distillation of thick, condensed and highly viscous fermentation mixtures made from fermented mash. It is demonstrated that flow-guided sieve trays with relatively large holes are an excellent candidate for distillation of mixtures with suspended solids, or concentrated/self-polymerized polymer solutions.     

垂直筛板流化床中FCC催化剂的流化性能

以FCC催化剂颗粒研究垂直筛板流化床内构件对气固两相流化性能的影响,考察了板孔气速、颗粒循环量和帽罩开孔比等筛板结构对流化床压降和提升量强度的影响. 结果表明,气固两相总体逆流流动条件下,帽罩内气速达4 m/s,气固高速并流喷射无气泡,两相接触好、返混小,属快速流态化. 由于没有气泡,床层压力波动小,在塔板上颗粒返混小. 垂直筛板压降随板孔气速、帽罩底隙高度增大而增大,随帽罩开孔比、板孔径增大而减小,颗粒提升量大,床层压降大. 提升量强度随板孔气速、帽罩底隙高度、颗粒循环量增加而增大,随帽罩高度与塔节高度比增大而减少,随帽罩筛孔孔径变化存在最大值. 当帽罩开孔比为1.2~2.5、板孔面积与帽罩截面积比为0.42、帽罩底隙高与板孔孔径比为0.36~0.64时帽罩流化性能较好.     

筛板不均匀漏液的规律及其影响

筛板不均匀漏液的规律及其影响曾爱武刘富善许松林黄洁余国琮（天津大学化学工程研究所，天津３０００７２）关键词筛板不均匀漏液塔板效率１引言塔板漏液是一种导致塔板效率降低的纵向返混。在工程设计中通常以相对漏液１～１０％来决定气相负荷下限，但值得指出的...