剪力钉推出试验非线性有限元模拟研究

剪力钉的抗剪性能参数主要通过推出试验获得,实体推出试验存在着试验周期长、费用高等缺点。文章为了对剪力钉推出试验进行精确有限元模拟,基于ABAQUS平台并采用非线性有限元方法建立了剪力钉推出试验的有限元模型,模型中均考虑了几何、材料、接触三种非线性关系。计算结果表明,在设置了合理参数条件下,采用非线性有限元方法可以较为准确地模拟剪力钉实体推出试验,从而提供了一种数值计算途径获得剪力钉的抗剪性能参数。     

钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙栓钉剪力研究

为了研究钢板-混凝土组合剪力墙栓钉剪力需求,文中结合现有研究成果分析了侧向荷载下栓钉的受剪机理及剪力分布规律,提出了栓钉群剪切刚度理论计算方法;根据刚度分配原则得到单个栓钉剪力理论计算公式。通过拟合理论公式与现有有限元计算结果比值,提出了精度较高的栓钉剪力计算公式。     

施工误差对剪力钉工作性能的影响

为了研究施工误差对剪力钉工作性能的影响,通过3个无误差剪力钉推出试验,探究剪力钉抗剪力学性能,并根据试验结果验证有限元模拟方法的准确性。在此基础上,考虑施工过程中可能发生的混凝土浇筑不密实、剪力钉布置边距不足、剪力钉倾斜3种施工误差,通过有限元模拟计算分析得到在各施工误差影响下剪力钉抗剪承载力及破坏模式。结果表明:无误差试件剪力钉破坏模式均为剪力钉根部剪断破坏,抗剪承载力试验值均大于各规范计算值;有限元分析得到剪力钉附近混凝土浇筑不密实可使剪力钉抗剪承载力降低60%~70%;剪力钉至混凝土边缘距离不满足规范要求可使剪力钉抗剪承载力降低27%;剪力钉倾斜可使剪力钉抗剪承载力降低41%;混凝土浇筑不密实对剪力钉抗剪承载能力影响最大。     

混凝土徐变效应对组合梁桥剪力钉的受力影响分析

对组合梁桥桥面板钢梁–混凝土板连接处剪力钉受混凝土板徐变效应影响分析，建立有限元模型，建立完整施工阶段，考虑不同位置、不同方向上剪力钉内力分布规律。分析得到：成桥15年后剪力钉受力受徐变作用的影响较小，工程中可不考虑；横、纵桥向剪力钉内力发展均从跨中处开始延伸，到达支点处出现内力峰值。成桥初期徐变效应对剪力钉受力行为影响最大，延长混凝土板存梁时间可有效减缓剪力钉受徐变效应的作用。     

钢-混凝土组合梁剪力钉力学行为数值参数分析

为了揭示钢-混组合梁剪力钉的力学行为,并验证数值模拟方法的可靠性,首先开展了一组剪力钉推出试验研究,获得各试件的典型破坏形态和荷载-滑移曲线;然后基于ANSYS软件,考虑材料非线性和状态非线性等因素,建立剪力钉推出试件的精细化有限元模型,采用数值模拟对比研究了剪力钉试件的力学行为,并通过参数拓展分析探讨了剪力钉力学行为...     

钢板单面外包混凝土组合剪力墙栓钉剪力需求

钢板外包混凝土组合剪力墙由钢板双面或单面外包钢筋混凝土板及栓钉构成,是一种新型的抗侧力构件。混凝土板主要为钢板提供侧向约束,使钢板剪切屈服先于屈曲,栓钉除了起组合作用还要传递钢板与混凝土板间的剪力。采用有限元分析了28个钢板单面外包混凝土组合剪力墙算例栓钉的剪力需求。考察了墙板在单调侧向荷载作用下栓钉剪力的发展变化,栓钉直径、钢板厚度、混凝土板厚度和栓钉数量对最大栓钉剪力的影响。基于有限元计算结果的拟合,分析了组合剪力墙中钢板与混凝土板抗侧承载力贡献,栓钉群剪力的分布,提出了钢板单面外包混凝土板组合剪力墙设计中栓钉剪力需求计算公式。     

栓钉剪力连接件滑移性能试验研究及受剪承载力计算

根据3组栓钉剪力连接件推出试验,研究栓钉直径和栓钉屈服强度对试件受剪承载力的影响。应用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对栓钉剪力连接件进行精细三维实体有限元分析,栓钉、钢梁和混凝土均采用C3D8R单元,计算结果与试验结果符合较好。基于有限元法进行参数分析,研究栓钉直径、数量、长径比、屈服强度、混凝土强度和横向配筋率等对栓钉剪力连接件荷载-滑移性能的影响,有限元计算结果表明,栓钉受剪承载力随着栓钉直径、屈服强度和混凝土强度的增大而提高。提出了考虑栓钉直径、屈服强度和混凝土强度影响的单个栓钉受剪承载力计算式和荷载-滑移关系计算方法,计算结果与文中试验结果和收集到的81组栓钉剪力连接件有效试验结果进行对比,吻合较好。建议的受剪承载力计算式与现行规范建议公式进行比较,建议的计算式具有较高的精度。荷载-滑移曲线实用计算方法与Ollgaard提出的计算方法比较表明建议计算方法具有较广泛的适用性。     

剪力钉集束式与均布式布置下钢-混组合梁桥受力分析

本文针对港珠澳大桥6×85 m组合连续梁桥开展受力性能分析,采用Beam188梁单元模拟剪力钉、Solid45实体单元模拟混凝土桥面板、Shell163壳单元模拟钢箱梁,在最不利边跨建立了精细的空间有限元模型(按剪力钉的实际数量建立梁单元),采用生死单元法模拟港珠澳大桥的实际施工过程,即大节段整体吊装、简支变连续、支点顶升与回落、支点纵向预应力张拉以及二期恒载的全过程。按照剪力钉集束式布置和剪力钉均布式布置两种方式,分别计算了钢-混组合梁桥受力性能和剪力钉的受力状况。计算结果表明:两种布置形式下组合梁挠度、混凝土桥面板和钢梁应力基本相同;组合荷载工况下集束式与均布式布置剪力钉最大纵向剪力分别为64.49 kN和67.98 kN,最大拉拔力分别为45.44 kN和43.67 kN,都满足正常使用要求,为钢-混组合梁桥剪力钉集束式布置提供分析依据。     

剪力钉刚度对曲线钢-混凝土箱形结合梁桥结构性能的影响

采用有限元软件ANSYS对剪力钉推出试验进行了仿真分析,得出了与真实试验结果非常接近的荷载-滑移曲线,因而可用于实桥分析;在SAP2000软件中用弹簧单元模拟剪力钉,其刚度采用仿真推出试验所得值,对一实桥结构进行三维空间建模分析,得出在一些荷栽作用下的结构响应,以比较考虑混凝土与钢箱界面滑移与否对曲线钢-混凝土箱形结合梁桥部分结构性能的影响.结果表明:剪力钉刚度变化对于桥面板纵向应力影响较大,但对钢箱底板纵向应力、挠度及桥梁横向位移影响较小;曲线钢-混凝土结合梁桥剪力钉内力分布非常复杂,远非能用解析式或简化方法得出;必须采用有限元分析法或其他严密的方法对曲线钢-混凝土结合梁桥进行研究.     

椒江二桥组合梁施工过程中剪力钉局部受力分析与设计优化

椒江二桥主桥组合梁采用双分离式闭口断面,为了悬臂吊装施工期间避开台风季节,采用两节段一循环吊装施工方法以节省工期。施工期间两节段组合梁之间湿接缝附近主梁刚度突变及吊装重量的成倍增加引起区域内剪力钉受力复杂,合理的剪力钉布置设计成为该施工方法的控制要素。采用ANSYS有限元程序详细模拟了组合梁在两节段吊装施工中的结构细节,计算分析了湿接缝附近剪力钉的受力情况。为了改善和优化湿接缝附近剪力钉的受力状态,提出了不同处理措施并对其进行计算分析和比较。计算结果表明,采用优化方案后湿接缝附近剪力钉受力状态得到改善,施工阶段组合梁结构安全。     

集簇式栓钉抗剪承载力折减系数计算方法

为给装配式钢-混组合结构梁桥集簇式栓钉抗剪连接件的设计提供参考,深入研究了集簇式栓钉抗剪连接件的受力特性。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立推出试验有限元模型,对群钉效应及其主要影响因素进行了有限元参数化分析,并给出综合考虑混凝土强度、栓钉排数、栓钉纵向间距影响的集簇式栓钉连接件抗剪承载力折减系数计算公式。结果表明:受到群钉效应的影响,集簇式栓钉连接件的单钉平均抗剪承载力有较大程度的折减并且钉群受力呈现明显的不均匀性; 随着混凝土强度的提高,φ22×200栓钉连接件抗剪承载力、抗剪刚度逐渐增大; 当栓钉排数从3排增加至7排时,群钉的单钉平均抗剪承载力以及栓钉抗剪承载力折减系数逐渐降低,同时钉群受力的不均匀程度大幅提升; 当栓钉纵向间距由4d(d为栓钉直径)增加至8d时,群钉的单钉平均抗剪承载力以及栓钉抗剪承载力折减系数呈现增大趋势; 提出的集簇式栓钉连接件抗剪承载力折减系数计算公式计算值与有限元值吻合良好,可以为装配式钢-混组合结构梁桥集簇式栓钉抗剪连接件的设计提供理论依据。     

Performance of shear connection in composite beams with profiled steel sheeting

This paper describes the structural performance of shear connection in composite beams with profiled steel sheeting. An accurate and efficient nonlinear finite element model was developed to study the behaviour of headed stud shear connectors welded through-deck. The profiled steel sheeting had transverse ribs perpendicular to the steel beam. The material nonlinearities of concrete, headed stud, profiled steel sheeting, reinforcement and steel beam were included in the finite element model. The capacity of shear connection, load-slip behaviour of the headed stud, and failure modes were predicted. The results obtained from the finite element analysis were verified against experimental results. An extensive parametric study was conducted to study the effects on the capacity and behaviour of shear connection by changing the profiled steel sheeting geometries, the diameter and height of the headed stud, as well as the strength of concrete. The capacities of shear connection obtained from the finite element analysis were compared with the design strengths calculated using the American Specification, British Standard and European Code for headed stud shear connectors in composite slabs with profiled steel sheeting perpendicular to the steel beam. It is found that the design rules specified in the American and British specifications overestimated the capacity of shear connection, but the design rules specified in the European Code were generally conservative.     

Finite element modeling of push-out tests for large stud shear connectors

An accurate nonlinear finite element model of the push-out specimen has been developed to investigate the capacity of large stud shear connectors embedded in a solid slab. The material nonlinearities of concrete, headed stud, steel beam and rebar were included in the finite element model. The damage and failure were included in the material model for the headed stud to accurately obtain the ultimate strength of the stud connector. The capacity and ductility of the connection, the load–slip behaviour and failure mode of the headed stud were predicted. The results obtained from the finite element analysis were verified against experimental results of other researches. An extensive parametric study was conducted to study the effect of the changes in stud diameter and concrete strength on the capacity and behaviour of the shear connection. The capacity and ductility of the shear connection obtained from the finite analysis were compared with those specified in EC4 and AASHTO LRFD. It is observed that the AASHTO LRFD specifications overestimated the capacity of the large stud shear connectors, whereas the design rules specified in Eurocode-4 were generally conservative for stud diameters of 22, 25 and 27 mm, and unconservative for diameter of 30 mm. The ductility of the large stud shear connectors is sufficient for practical application in composite bridges.     

压型钢板组合梁滑移性能的有限元分析

利用ANSYS有限元软件对压型钢板组合梁模型进行了有限元数值模拟分析,将有限元分析结果与试验结果进行了比较,验证了模型的合理性,利用ANSYS软件对压型钢板组合梁在栓钉布置方式和混凝土板强度影响下交界面的滑移性能进行了探讨.     

焊钉连接件时变抗剪性能的试验研究

对于无支架施工的长跨连续组合梁,在施工期间进行分阶段浇筑混凝土时,需考虑不同混凝土龄期的组合梁结合面上连接件的早期组合作用。为此,进行了混凝土不同龄期下焊钉连接件的推出试验,分析了焊钉连接件极限抗剪强度、极限滑移、设计抗剪强度和剪切刚度随时间的变化规律,并给出了相应的时变计算公式。研究发现,混凝土龄期小于3 d时推出试件主要为混凝土板劈裂破坏;在不同混凝土龄期时推出试件的剪力-滑移规律基本相同,但抗剪强度和刚度均随混凝土龄期的增长而增大,且早期增长较快,后期较慢,说明组合梁结合面的早期组合效应不能忽略。     

Behaviour of embedded steel plate in composite coupling beams

Plate-reinforced composite (PRC) coupling beam is fabricated by embedding a vertical steel plate into a conventional-reinforced concrete coupling beam to enhance its strength and ductility. Shear studs are welded on the steel plate surfaces to allow for proper load transfer between the concrete and steel plate. The present study focuses on the evaluation of internal load distributions and load sharing on the embedded steel plate as well as at the shear studs in composite coupling beams using the nonlinear finite element package ATENA. The proposed two-dimensional finite element model is able to simulate the overall load-deflection behaviour and internal load distributions of coupling beams subjected to bending and shear forces. The reliability of the model is demonstrated by comparisons with the available experimental results. This is followed by an extensive and carefully planned parametric study using the calibrated finite element model. Numerical results on the effects of steel plate geometry, span-depth ratio of beams and steel reinforcement ratios at beam spans and in wall regions are presented and discussed in this paper. The finite element model provides a better understanding of the behaviour of shear studs as well as plate anchorage in the wall regions and embedded beam region. Based on the numerical results, equations for quantifying the shear stud forces are established and a set of non-dimensional design charts for determining the internal forces of the embedded steel plates is constructed. Both of them are useful for engineers to design PRC coupling beams.     

型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架节点受力性能非线性分析

在型钢再生混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架节点拟静力试验基础上,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了组合框架节点的数值计算模型,对该组合框架节点在水平荷载作用下的受力非线性行为进行了有限元分析,获取了组合框架节点的破坏过程、破坏形态、应力云图、荷载-位移曲线及荷载特征值,并对节点的承载力计算值与试验值进行了比较,验证了有限元计算模型的合理性,进而分析了有限元拓展参数对组合框架节点受力性能的影响规律。结果表明:有限元计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,该有限元模型能较好地模拟该组合框架节点在水平荷载作用下的受力性能;另外,提高再生混凝土强度或者箍筋强度对组合框架节点的抗剪承载力是有利的,但节点的延性变形能力有所降低;组合框架节点的抗剪承载力随着型钢强度的提高而显著增加,但节点的变形能力变化不大;增加体积配箍率或型钢配钢率可以明显提高组合框架节点的抗剪承载力和变形能力。     

Effect of shear connector spacing and layout on the shear connector capacity in composite beams

A three dimensional nonlinear finite element model has been developed to study the behaviour of composite beams with profiled sheeting oriented perpendicular to its axis. The analysis of the push test was carried out using ABAQUS/Explicit with slow load application to ensure a quasi-static solution. Both material and geometric nonlinearities were taken into account. Elastic-plastic material models were used for all steel components and the Concrete Damaged Plasticity model was used for the concrete slab. The post-failure behaviour of the push test was accurately predicted, which is crucial for realistic determination of shear capacity, slip and failure mode. The results obtained from finite element analysis were verified against the experimental push tests conducted in this research and also from other studies. After validation, the model was used to carry out an extensive parametric study to investigate the effect of transverse spacing in push tests with double studs placed in favourable and staggered positions with various concrete strengths. The results were also compared with the capacity of a single shear stud. It was found that shear connector resistance of pairs of shear connectors placed in favourable position was 94% of the strength of a single shear stud on average, when the transverse spacing between studs was 200 mm or more. For the same spacing, the resistance of staggered pairs of studs was only 86% of the strength of a single stud. The strength of double shear studs in favourable position was higher than that of the staggered pairs of shear connectors.