含Ti微合金钢中的第二相粒子对焊接粗晶热影响区组织及韧性的影响

利用碳萃取复型技术研究了含Ti微合金钢及其模拟粗晶区 (CGHAZ)中的第二相粒子 ,并利用OM(光镜 )、TEM(透射电镜 )及系列冲击试验对含Ti微合金钢及一种成分相近的不含Ti低合金高强钢焊接粗晶区的组织及韧性进行了研究。研究结果表明 ,含Ti微合金钢中含有大量的、尺寸细小的TiN粒子 ,这些粒子非常稳定 ,在焊接热循环过程中能有效地阻止奥氏体晶粒长大 ,抑制粗大贝氏体的形成 ,促进针状铁素体析出及M -A组元的分解 ,从而显著改善低合金高强钢焊接粗晶热影响区的韧性 ,t8/5(80 0～5 0 0℃冷却时间 )越大 ,这种改善作用越明显     

元素Nb对TiNbV微合金钢CGHAZ组织与冲击韧性影响

利用焊接热模拟研究Nb元素含量对TiNbV微合金钢焊接热影响粗晶区(CGHAZ)组织和性能的影响. 低铌钢和高铌钢在经历焊接热循环后微观组织构成及晶粒尺寸有显著差异. Nb元素含量为0.005%时焊接CGHAZ组织为铁素体和针状铁素体以及珠光体,大角度晶界和小角度晶界的晶粒比例相当,焊接CGHAZ晶粒尺寸粗大不均匀. 随着Nb元素含量的增加,大角度晶界的晶粒数量有所增加,晶粒得到细化. 但是,针状铁素体形成受到抑制,CGHAZ中贝氏体含量增加. 微合金钢中贝氏体的形成对焊接CGHAZ冲击韧性的下降起主导作用,Nb元素的含量控制在合适范围内(~ 0.02%),才可以保证CGHAZ具有良好的冲击韧性.     

Effect of Zr Addition on the Microstructure and Toughness of Coarse-Grained Heat-Affected Zone with High-Heat Input Welding Thermal Cycle in Low-Carbon Steel

Microstructures and toughness of coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) with high-heat input welding thermal cycle in Zr-containing and Zr-free low-carbon steel were investigated by means of welding thermal cycle simulation. The specimens were subjected to a welding thermal cycle with heat inputs of 100, 400, and 800 kJ cm^?1 at peak temperature of 1673 K (1400 °C) using a thermal simulator. The results indicate that excellent impact toughness at the CGHAZ was obtained in Zr-containing steel. The Zr oxide is responsible for AF transformation, providing the nucleation site for the formation AF, promoting the nucleation of AF on the multi-component inclusions. High fraction of acicular ferrite (AF) appears in Zr-containing steel, acting as an obstacle to cleavage propagation due to its high-angle grain boundary. The morphology of M-A constituents plays a key role in impact toughness of CGHAZ. Large M-A constituents with lath form can assist the micro-crack initiation and seriously decrease the crack initiation energy. The relationship of AF transformation and M-A constituents was discussed in detail.     

Ti处理改善船体钢焊接粗晶区的低温韧性研究

采用Gleeble 1500D热模拟试验机对Ti和Al处理船体钢进行不同热输入焊接热模拟实验, 并利用OM和SEM研究了母材和热模拟粗晶区氧化物夹杂及显微组织. 结果表明: Ti处理钢中弥散分布的Ti氧化物具有良好的高温稳定性, 75 kJ/cm的焊接热输入对其形貌、成分及尺寸无影响, 能有效促进晶内针状铁素体(AF)形核长大. Al处理钢中以Al₂O₃为核心的复合夹杂高温易分解, 不能促进晶内AF形核. 线能量大于50 kJ/cm的大热输入条件下, Ti处理钢模拟粗晶区的低温韧性明显高于Al处理钢. t_8/5>40 s时, Ti处理钢中较多的晶内AF组织抑制了M-A岛形成, 细化了基体铁素体组织, Al处理钢中的TiN和Nb(C, N)第二相粒子粗化, 粗晶区晶粒异常长大, 大于Ti处理钢中的奥氏体晶粒尺寸.     

铁路货车用TCS345不锈钢焊接热影响区韧性分析

利用 thermol-cal 软件获得一定成分体系下铁路货车用 12%Cr 铁素体不锈钢的相图,结合相图对 12%Cr 铁素体不锈钢的焊接过程进行分析.利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析 12%Cr 铁素体不锈钢的焊接热影响区为铁素体和马氏体以及碳、氮化物组成的粗晶区和细晶区两部分.结果表明,铁素体晶粒的尺寸与马氏体的含量是影响热影响粗晶区韧性的主要因素.当母材中的碳、氮化物颗粒尺寸在 2～5μm 时,具有最优的冲击性能;当母材中碳+氮含量为 0.02% 左右时,在文中试验条件下粗晶区的马氏体含量为 40%,焊接接头粗晶区具有 -22 ℃的最低韧脆转变温度.

Abstract：

The transformation temperature phase diagram of 12% chromium steel is obtained by using Thermal-cal software. Process of welding 12% chromium stainless steel is analysed with the phase transformation temperature scope. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the weld joints is observed with optic microscope and scanning electronic microscope, which the microstructure consists of ferrite, martensite, coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ), fine grain heat-affected zone (FGHAZ) and Ti(C/N). The key elements that affect toughness of CGHAZ are ferritic grain size and martensitic content. The base material has the best impact toughness when grain size of Ti(C/N) reaches 2-5μm. The lowest ductility-brittle transition temperature in CGHAZ is -22 ℃ when content of carbon plus nitrogen in base material is about 0.02% and martensitic content in CGHAZ is 40% under some certain welding procedure.     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND INCLUSION CHARACTERIZATION IN THE SIMULATED COARSE-GRAIN HEAT AFFECTED ZONE WITH LARGE HEAT INPUT OF A Ti-Zr-MICROALLOYED HSLA STEEL

1. IntroductionA pplication oflargeheatinputw elding techniques, w hich have been developed forlarge engineer-ing structure, e.g., big oiland gas tanks, bridge, pipe-line and architecture constructions etc. usuallycausesdeterioration ofm echanicalproperti…     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND INCLUSION CHARACTERIZATION IN THE SIMULATED COARSE-GRAIN I-IEAT AFFECTED ZONE WITH LARGE HEAT INPUT OF A Ti-Zr-MICROALLOYED HSLA STEEL

The microstructure and the characteristics of the inclusions embedded in ferrite matrix in simulated coarse-grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) of a Ti-Zr-treated high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel have been investigated. The microstructure of the simulated CGHAZ dominantly Consisted of intragranular acicular ferrite (IAF) combining with a small amount of polygonal ferrite (PF), widmanstiitten ferrite (WF), bainite ferrite (BF), pearlite and martensite-austenite (M-A) islands. The PF, WF and BF were generally observed at the prior austenite grain boundaries and the interlocking acicular ferrite was usually found intragranularly. It was found that the inclusions were composed of Ti2O3 ZrO2, Al2O3 locating at the center of the particles and MnS lying on the surface layer of the inclusions. The intragranular complex inclusions prorooted the acicular ferrite formation and the refinement of microstructure whilst those at prior austenite grain boundaries caused PF formation on the inclusions. The simulated CGHAZ consisting of such complicated microstructure exhibited desired mechanical properties.     

Zr对海底管线钢焊丝熔敷金属组织和冲击韧性的影响

制备了4种不同Zr含量的自保护药芯焊丝,采用自保护焊接方法制作了熔敷试板。研究了Zr含量对自保护药芯焊丝熔敷金属组织和冲击韧性的影响。结果表明,添加Zr后熔敷金属夹杂物主要为Al－Mg－Zr的氮化物和氧化物;随着Zr含量的增加,熔敷金属组织逐渐均匀细化,且针状铁素体占比逐渐增加,夹杂物数量增加、尺寸减小。夹杂物和晶粒的细化以及针状铁素体的增多是熔敷金属冲击韧性提高的主要原因,当Zr添加量为2%时,熔敷金属在－40℃下平均冲击吸收能量可达132J。     

Zr对高强度钢热影响区第二相粒子及韧性影响

研究了0.012 4%锆对低合金高强度钢焊接热影响区粗晶区第二相粒子和冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,模拟20 kJ/cm焊接线能量下无锆钢焊接热影响区粗晶区中第二相粒子为Al-Ti复合氧化物和（Ti,Nb） N析出物.而含锆钢则是Zr-Al-Ti复合氧化物及（Al,Ti,Nb） N和（Ti,Nb） N析出物.同时,定量数据分析表明含锆钢中氧化物和氮化物粒子密度更高且尺寸更加细小.这些高密度的细小的第二相粒子在焊接过程中能有效钉扎晶界移动,抑制奥氏体晶粒粗化,在焊接热影响区粗晶区中得到尺寸相对细小均匀的原奥氏体晶粒,使得含锆钢焊接热影响区粗晶区呈现韧性断裂和极好的低温冲击韧性.     

锆处理石油储罐钢大热输入焊接CGHAZ冲击韧性分析

以微量锆处理石油储罐钢为研究对象,采用Gleeble3500并结合SEM,TEM等试验方法研究微量Zr元素对690 MPa级石油储罐用钢大热输入焊接热循环时粗晶热影响区（CGHAZ）冲击韧性的影响.结果表明,微量锆处理钢可显著提高母材的低温冲击韧性,但会严重恶化CGHAZ的冲击韧性.锆处理钢CGHAZ的M-A组元随着热...     

焊接热输入对Q890高强钢热影响区裂纹扩展的影响

采用Gleeble1500热模拟试验机,研究不同热输入对Q890高强钢焊接热影响区粗晶区的微观组织和韧性影响规律. 结果表明,随着热输入的增加,粗晶区的微观组织表现出从马氏体组织向马氏体、贝氏体的混合组织,再向贝氏体、粒状贝氏体的混合组织的转变. 当热输入为19.7 kJ/cm时,冲击吸收功最高为83 J,主要原因是由于先相贝氏体分割后相马氏体,大角度晶界密度最大,改善了冲击韧性. 当热输入较高时,粗晶区脆化的原因是由于M-A组元呈链状分布,造成局部应力集中,成为裂纹起裂和扩展的主要通道.     

Grain refinement in coarse-grained heat-affected zone of Al–Ti–Mg complex deoxidised steel

The particles and microstructure characteristics of coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) in Al–Ti–Mg killed steels with different Al contents were investigated. The results show that inclusion in high Al steel consists of Al–Mg oxide surrounded with a layer of MnS. However, inclusion in low Al steel is Al–Ti–Mg oxide covered with a layer of MnS, effectively promoting the formation of acicular ferrite. The precipitates of both steels are (Ti, Nb)N, the finer and more dispersed inclusions and precipitates in low Al steel can effectively inhibit austenite grain growth by grain boundary pinning during the thermal cycle. The fine-grained microstructure is obtained in CGHAZ of the low Al steel due to the pinning effect of finer particles and the high density of acicular ferrite.     

Toughness improvement by Cu addition in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of high-strength low-alloy steels

The effect of microstructure and Cu addition in a simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) of a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel subjected to 100?kJ?cm^?1 heat input welding was studied. It has been observed that the primary microstructure in Cu-free HSLA steels is dominated by bainite, whereas, in Cu-bearing HSLA steels, the predominant microstructure is acicular ferrite. The acicular ferrite nucleated at intragranular complex inclusions consisting of Al and Ti oxides, covered with layer of MnS and CuS. The presence of high intensity of acicular ferrite and hard impingements between acicular ferrite laths or plates has contributed to the fine-grained and interlocked microstructure. The enhanced toughness in CGHAZ of Cu-bearing HSLA steel is attributed to the fine-grained interlocked microstructure of acicular ferrite.     

M-A组元对石油储罐用钢粗晶热影响区韧性的影响

利用Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机模拟粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)焊接热循环,研究了大热输入条件下不同石油储罐用钢的粗晶区组织、韧性及其变化规律.结果表明,各钢粗晶区组织均以贝氏体为主,但由于铁素体、粒状贝氏体等组织的比例差异,韧性差别较大.同时,随着M-A组元面积分数的增加,韧性也呈下降趋势,两者均为先降之后维持较低值.另外,M-A组元的形态等也对韧性有影响,块状M-A组元对韧性的损害大于条状M-A组元.考虑多种合金元素共同作用对M-A组元形成的综合影响,利用多元线性回归的方法对M-A组元面积分数做出了预测,对粗晶区韧性评判有一定实际意义.     

高强钢金属芯焊丝E120C-K4熔敷金属粗晶区显微组织对冲击韧性的影响

采用焊接热模拟通过改变冷却时间(t_8/5),研究了金属芯焊丝E120C-K4多道焊熔敷金属模拟粗晶区(CGHAZ)显微组织对冲击韧性的影响规律. 结果表明,当t_8/5为6 ~ 12 s时,CGHAZ显微组织由蜕化上贝氏体、粒状贝氏体和针状铁素体组成,奥氏体晶粒内部形成复相分割结构,冲击韧性最好. 而当t_8/5为30 ~ 120 s时CGHAZ显微组织主要由粒状贝氏体和针状铁素体组成,冲击韧性下降. t_8/5为120 s时,冲击韧性最差,–40 ℃冲击吸收能量仅为24 J. t_8/5为6 ~ 12 s时韧性改善的关键是形成复相分割微观结构;晶粒细小;单位距离上大角度晶界数量多.     

粗晶热影响区比例对09MnNiDR焊接接头冲击韧性的影响

通过对09MnNiDR低温压力容器用钢埋弧焊焊接接头热影响区不同位置处的冲击吸收能量的测试、冲击断口以及微观组织的观察分析,确定了09MnNiDR焊接接头的组织特征以及最薄弱区域,并深入讨论了最薄弱区域对焊接接头冲击韧性的影响. 结果表明,在?70 ℃时,焊接接头母材、亚临界热影响区、临界热影响区、细晶热影响区平均冲击吸收能量均在270 J以上,表现出良好的韧性. 焊缝的平均冲击吸收能量为139 J. 焊接接头韧性最薄弱区域为粗晶热影响区,当缺口完全位于粗晶热影响区时,冲击吸收能量为20 J,相比于母材冲击韧性损失高达92.7%. 粗晶热影响区的显微组织为粗大的粒状贝氏体、板条贝氏体以及块状铁素体组成的复合组织. 随着缺口尖端前沿粗晶热影响区比例的增加,其分布位置越靠近缺口尖端,试样的冲击吸收能量越小,充分体现出最薄弱区域对冲击韧性的影响.     

Influence of Ti on non-metallic inclusion formation and acicular ferrite nucleation in high-strength low-alloy steel weld metals

The phase transition behaviors of non-metallic inclusions as a function of Ti content were investigated by monitoring changes in the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength low-alloy steel multipass weld metals. Weld metals with Ti contents ranging from 0.007 to 0.17 wt% were prepared using a gas metal arc welding process. The inclusion analysis was performed based on thermodynamic calculations and transmission electron microscopy, accompanied by energy-dispersive spectrometry and selected area electron diffraction. With increase in the Ti content of weld metals, the chaotic arrangement of ferrite laths in the columnar zone was transited to a well aligned arrangement and the impact toughness of the weld metals drastically deteriorated in response to the decrease in the Mn content of the inclusion. The effective inclusion phase for intragranular nucleation contained considerable amounts of Mn and a Mn depleted zone was observed around the effective nucleant.     

Effect of Ti content and martensite–austenite constituents on microstructure and mechanical property

In this study, the relationship between impact toughness and microstructure in Cr–Mo–V multi-pass weld metals has been systematically investigated. The Charpy impact energy of two weld metals with various alloy elements increased remarkably. The primary cause of the change of impact toughness was attributed to the difference of acicular ferrite (AF) content and prior-austenite grain size, and the size and distribution of necklace martensite–austenite (M–A) constituents. With increasing Ti content, Ti-containing inclusions were increased, which resulted in an increased number of nucleation sites for AF, a change in the microstructure from allotriomorphic ferrite to AF, and refined ferrite grain size. In addition, smaller and more dispersive M–A constituents were observed in the weld metal with higher impact toughness.     

Microstructure and mechanical performances of CGHAZ for oil tank steel during high heat input welding

Microstructure and mechanical performances of the coarse grain heat-affected-zone (CGHAZ) for oil tank steel with different Ti content were investigated through Gleeble-3500, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometer. The results show that the strength and low-temperature toughness of base material are significantly improved for the high titanium content steel, but the impact toughness of CGHAZ is seriously deteriorated after the high heat input welding and declined sharply with the heat input increasing, while the effects of heat input on impact toughness are very weak for the low titanium content steel, impact toughness of which is gradually larger than that of high titanium content steel with the welding heat input increasing because of the granular bainite increasing, TiN particle coarsening, and (Ti, Nb) N composition evolution during the high input welding for high titanium content steel.     

Microstructural characteristics and impact toughness in YS690MPa steel weld metal for offshore structures

The fine-grained mixed microstructure of acicular ferrite (AF) and bainite in YS690MPa steel weld metal contributes to attain high-impact toughness. The morphology and evolutionary mechanism of fine-grained mixed microstructure in this weld metal were investigated. Single or multiple AF grains were nucleated on complex inclusions by forming Mn-depleted zones, where Mn spontaneously diffused into Ti oxide inclusions due to the cation vacancies. It is in good agreement with the theoretical calculation by first principle. The bainite nucleated on austenite grain boundary and then assisted the pre-formed AF to partition the austenite grain into small and separate regions. Furthermore, the later formed ferrite nucleated on the broad surface of pre-formed ferrite plates and grew in those small regions with limited grain size. All of them resulted in the formation of fine-grained mixed microstructure, which provided excellent impact toughness in this weld metal with dimples and quasi-cleavage fracture surface combination.